Residents of developed countries suffer from flat feet much more often than citizens of the third world - in Europe and America, up to 70% of people have flat feet, and in India this foot defect is observed in only 4%.
The most common reason is lack or excess load on the legs. This can be caused, for example, by wearing the wrong shoes. Approximately 3% of people inherit flat feet from their parents.
Women condemn themselves to many torments for the sake of beauty. But, as we know, all patience comes to an end. What kind of heels and pumps are there if the “bone” sticks out unsightly, makes the foot wider and, in the literal sense of the word, prevents you from taking a step. The reason for this foot deformation is transverse flatfoot.
If it were not for the spring properties of the arch of the foot, every step would threaten us with a concussion, and running and jumping could easily lead to death.
Every day we do a lot of important things: we go to work, go shopping, take care of our family, meet with friends. And we don’t think about our health at all. Exactly until the moment it loudly reminds you of itself. And only then do we begin to take action: we go to the doctor, go on vacation, read articles on the Internet.
Many people live their lives believing that they do not have flat feet. This is a very dangerous misconception. Sooner or later it can lead to many serious consequences.
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Many young people, dreaming of serving in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, after passing a medical commission, wonder whether they will be hired (trained) by the police with flat feet.
Flat feet is a foot disease that is accompanied by changes in the position of the longitudinal and transverse arches. Throughout life, a person's foot length and width may change. If changes occur simultaneously, then we are talking about combined flat feet.
With flat feet, regardless of its type, the foot loses its shock-absorbing function, shifting the load to the joints and spine. Due to the fact that they are not designed for such work, premature wear of the joints occurs, and pain appears in the lower extremities and back.
The disease affects the functioning of the entire body and causes the development of a number of other pathologies (arthrosis, scoliosis).
Often, after graduating from secondary school, young men are interested in the question of whether it is possible to enter the Ministry of Internal Affairs with flat feet.
Today there are a number of laws regulating whether or not people with flat feet will be allowed to serve in the police. Among them, the most important are those related to health status. When it comes to pathology, the question of whether one is accepted for study and service if it is available is regulated by a separate article in the Schedule of Diseases.
Flat feet is a foot disease that is accompanied by changes in the position of the longitudinal and transverse arches.
According to current standards, during a medical examination the disease is divided into 4 suitability groups:
“A” - Involves diagnosing serious disorders of shock-absorbing functions, the cause of which is flat feet. Therefore, a young man with a pronounced curvature of the foot will not fit the shoes worn in military service, which means he belongs to fitness category “D”.
“B” - Involves diagnosing moderate shock-absorbing dysfunctions associated with flat feet. In this case, category “B” is assigned.
“B” — Assumes the presence of disturbances in the shock-absorbing functions of the foot, accompanied by moderate pain.
“G” — Assumes the presence of pathologies that are not accompanied by significant dysfunction of the foot. With such flat feet, a young man can enlist in the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
You can understand exactly what the term “serious impairment” means by referring to the Schedule of Diseases. Due to the fact that serious foot deformities and severe pain are diagnosed only at stage 3 of the development of the disease, it becomes obvious that only young men with categories “B” and “C” can be denied.
FLAT FOOT IN CHILDREN
Flat feet is an extremely common disease, one might say social. To verify this, just talk to relatives and friends: “at every step” you hear complaints about pain in the feet, leg muscles, knee and even hip joints. The most common cause of this pain is flattened feet.
And if you pay attention to shoes, how quickly they wear out and how, you can get additional information.
Attempts to “read” worn-out shoes were once made by the French shoemaker Jean-Baptiste de André and his Italian colleague Salvatore Ferlamo. Based on how the soles of this or that person were worn out, they made the following conclusions: across the entire width - quiet, the inner side - greedy, the outer side - wasteful, the backs of the heels worn out - stubborn, unyielding. It was even proposed to found a new science - scarpology, which would allow one to determine a person’s character by his shoes. The practical value of such “science” is, of course, small, but some conclusions can be drawn by examining worn shoes.
In a normal foot position, the heel wears out evenly from the back, a little more from the outside.
Wear someone else's shoes
under no circumstances.
With flat feet, the wear of the heel occurs mainly along the inner edge. If the heels are strongly worn out on the inside and, in addition, the back of the shoe “breaks outward,” then this indicates flat-valgus feet. Clubfoot manifests itself in severe wear of the heel along the outer edge and “breaking” of the shoe inward.
Well, children's shoes just “burn”! Each child has his own individual foot shape and wears out his shoes accordingly.
Under no circumstances should you wear someone else’s shoes, even if they are strong and beautiful.
CHOOSING THE RIGHT SHOES
Properly selected, comfortable shoes are very important for the normal development of a child’s feet and for the prevention of flat feet.
Tight shoes, as well as too loose ones, are harmful and can even cause some foot diseases. Short and narrow shoes limit movement in the joints, almost completely eliminate the mobility of the fingers, lead to their curvature, ingrown nails, and also impair sweating and blood circulation. Therefore, feet in tight shoes quickly freeze, and cold feet are a common cause of colds and inflammatory processes in the kidneys and bladder. Shoes that are too wide and loose lead to displacement of the foot when moving, resulting in possible subluxations in the ankle joint and impaired gait.
In order to choose shoes, you need to correctly determine the size of your child’s feet. It should be taken into account that the size of the foot increases with load, both in length and width. Only measure the foot size of a standing child.
Place your baby on a piece of paper large enough so that its edges extend beyond the contours of the feet on all sides. Outline the feet perpendicularly with a pencil or felt-tip pen, starting from the middle of the heel along the inner contour to the end of the big toe, then along the outer contour to the same point (Fig. 1).
The size of the foot is determined by its length, expressed in millimeters. The length is measured with a ruler or millimeter tape from the extreme point of the circled heel to the longest toe, rounded upward.
There is a simpler, but less accurate way to determine whether a shoe fits a child's foot. Unlace or unfasten the boot or shoe and place the baby's foot on the top of the shoe, immersing only the heel in it, while the heel should be in contact with the back of the shoe (Fig. 2). If the toes match the toe of the shoe, much less hang down, then the shoe is too small. It is necessary that there is a distance of approximately one centimeter between the end of the longest toe and the toe of the shoe (Fig. 3).
When buying new shoes, pay attention to the heel counter; it should be rigid enough to hold the heel in the correct position. This is especially important for frequently ill, weakened children with signs of rickets and bowed legs. It is better for such children to buy high boots that securely fix the ankle joints. For the summer, you can choose shoes or sandals with a hard and high back with laces or a strap.
The sole - this is also very important - must be elastic so as not to prevent the foot from swaying when walking. In addition, you need a small heel, two to three centimeters high.
Thus, choosing shoes is an extremely responsible matter. Don’t forget that a child’s foot grows very quickly, so it is necessary to measure it at least once every 2-3 months in order to notice changes in time and choose new shoes. Parents should remember that poorly fitting shoes are the greatest harm to a child’s tender feet.
Signs of the right shoes:
hard heel, elastic sole,
Everyone explains the appearance of flat feet in their own way: some - by heredity, others - by poor nutrition, inappropriate shoes, a sedentary lifestyle or, conversely, excessive stress on the legs, but few people understand that the main reason is improper physical development in early childhood.
Congenital flatfoot, especially its severe forms, and congenital clubfoot are determined by orthopedists in the first days of a child’s life and require orthopedic and even surgical treatment, but such diseases are quite rare. Most often, foot defects develop slowly, over years, and therefore can be prevented.
The most effective means of preventing flat feet is the general health of the child, the correct and timely development of various motor skills.
From the very first days, the baby should be provided with the greatest freedom of movement; his mobility should not be limited by tight swaddling, a cramped crib, playpen, armchair, stroller, etc. Timely and complete mastery of various movements is the main indicator of the child’s correct psychomotor development.
Massage and gymnastics carried out at an early age remarkably strengthen the child’s body, improve metabolism, promote the development of all organs and systems, especially the musculoskeletal system, and thus well prepare the child for the upcoming loads (see I. Krasikova “Children’s massage from birth up to three years").
Attention should be paid to the feet literally from birth. They should not be constrained by tight socks or tight rompers; it is not advisable for children under one year of age to wear boots. Free, unrestricted movements contribute to the proper development of muscles, ligaments and bones, which ultimately determines the structure and shape of the feet.
A very important stage is the child getting up on his feet and taking his first steps. Anticipating this moment with understandable impatience, many parents try to speed it up, not realizing that they are harming their baby. Take your time, let your baby crawl as long as possible; Crawling is a very useful skill, absolutely necessary for the harmonious development of a child.
Well, when the child gets up and walks on his own, do not limit his movements. Standing for a long time is too much stress for still fragile legs.
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