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Splint for a broken toe

23 Jul 18

Fractured toe - symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

The lower limbs are located on the periphery of the human body and represent one of the most vulnerable parts of the body. A broken toe is a fairly common occurrence in the practice of traumatologists.

Possible causes of injury

A sudden application of significant load causes a toe fracture. This could be an unsuccessful jump from a height, a fall, hitting a hard object, or a heavy object falling on the foot.

Separately, it is worth highlighting osteoporosis - a disease in which the bones in the body become less dense due to a lack of calcium in them. Sometimes it is enough for such a person to simply step on the threshold for a fracture of the phalanx of the finger to occur.

People often use the expression “crack in the bone”, believing that it is not a fracture and does not pose a serious danger. From the point of view of traumatology, any violation of the integrity of the bone structure is a fracture and requires appropriate treatment.

Symptoms of a broken toe

The injury is characterized by a number of signs that allow the patient and doctor to suspect that the finger is broken.

  • Pain can affect either one toe or the entire foot, depending on what kind of injury the person received. The pain is acute, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of pulsating fingers. If you get a bruise, it goes away quickly enough, but if your finger is broken, the pain will not subside even after a few hours.
  • Bruising is a consequence of blood leaking from the damaged bone into the tissue surrounding it. The entire finger may turn purple within a few hours.
  • Visible deformation is characteristic of fractures with significant displacement of bone fragments.
  • Swelling - the finger, and sometimes the entire foot, increases in size due to the release of fluid from the bloodstream into the soft tissue.
  • With an open fracture, there are bone fragments visible to the naked eye in the wound.
  • You should not try to find out on your own whether your toe is broken; it is better to contact competent specialists. During the initial examination, the doctor evaluates all existing symptoms, interviews the patient and determines where the pain is most pronounced. This allows you to assign the image to the correct anatomical area and improve diagnostic accuracy.

    X-ray is the most accessible, fastest method of examination in traumatology. Based on the image, you can assess the severity of the fracture and determine its type.

    The following types of toe fractures are distinguished:

  • closed - without damaging the skin;
  • open - with a wound on a broken finger;
  • no offset;
  • with displacement - the fragments are located at an angle, at some distance from each other;
  • comminuted - the bone breaks not into 2, but into several parts at once;
  • marginal fracture - as the name implies, only a small part of the bone breaks off, often in the joint area.
  • If the diagnosis of a toe fracture is confirmed during the examination, treatment methods may vary. It all depends on the number of broken bones, the equipment of the medical facility and what type of fracture is detected.

    Plaster immobilization

    The method is used most often due to its simplicity and accessibility. A plaster splint is used that covers the back of the leg and foot. This eliminates movement in the ankle joint and evenly distributes the load in a vertical position. The patient wears a cast without hospitalization.

    Approximately 5-6 days after the fracture, you need to visit the doctor again and take an X-ray. This is due to the fact that during this period the initial swelling subsides, and the fragment may shift without being sufficiently firmly fixed. The doctor will also evaluate whether the sensitivity of the toes is impaired and whether the cast fits securely. If necessary, the splint is replaced with a new one.

    If everything goes well, then after a few weeks the finger heals and the plaster is removed. A control image is taken to evaluate the callus.

    If a patient has a sign of a displaced toe fracture, then the treatment tactics are as follows. If possible, the doctor performs closed reduction on the broken finger. This is the name for manual comparison of fragments. If closed reduction fails or the fracture is initially very complex, surgery is performed. All manipulations are carried out under anesthesia, since even an attempt to realign the big or ring toe without anesthesia is extremely unpleasant for the patient.

    Surgical intervention

    A fractured toe is operated on in cases where it is necessary to piece together the phalanx from small fragments. The method of fixation may be different.

  • Passing a special thin needle along the finger. She drills the fragments one by one and holds them on herself in the correct position. After the bones grow together, the knitting needle is simply pulled out. This is practically painless and can be performed in the dressing room of the clinic.
  • Using a special plate. A metal structure with holes for fasteners is placed on the phalanx of the finger, and the fragments are fixed to it. This plate is a kind of frame for a broken toe, which temporarily holds the fragments together. After complete fusion, the plate is removed.
  • If the patient breaks his toes only at the level of the nail phalanges, then they can be fixed with a bandage. This part of the foot has virtually no supporting function, and there is no need for very rigid fixation. The finger is secured to the adjacent one with several layers of adhesive. Most often this is done with the second, middle and ring toes, less often with the fifth. An adhesive cast will not be suitable if there are symptoms of a toe fracture at the level of the proximal or base of the middle phalanx.

    There are three groups of medications that may be needed in the treatment of a broken toe:

  • analgesics – eliminate pain;
  • calcium preparations – replenish the increased need for this element;
  • Antibiotics are needed for open fractures and the risk of infection.
  • Rehabilitation procedures

    After a toe fracture and prolonged immobilization in a cast, the foot cannot immediately fully perform all functions. The fact is that muscles become less elastic due to inactivity, and joints also cannot move as before. It takes a few days for the foot to look the same as before.

    Procedures that promote a speedy recovery are as follows:

  • Physiotherapy – electrophoresis, magnetic therapy, ozokerite, etc.
  • Massage – tones muscles and develops joints. It can also be done at home if you have the appropriate skills.
  • Physiotherapy.
  • How long it will take for a fracture to heal depends on many determining factors.

    If a toe fracture is not detected in a timely manner or treated poorly, the following complications may develop:

  • Subungual hematoma is the accumulation of a large amount of blood under the nail plate. Appears in the first days after injury. It can be eliminated quite simply: a small hole is made at the base of the nail and the blood is evacuated. If this is not done, then suppuration may occur.
  • The formation of a false joint occurs when bone fragments do not fuse together. Pathological mobility and discomfort during physical activity persist. The cause of the formation of a pseudarthrosis can be either improper immobilization or insufficiently active regeneration processes in the bones.
  • Osteomyelitis is a purulent lesion of bone tissue due to the ingress of microorganisms into it. Develops with open fractures with skin damage. In the most severe cases, removal of bone fragments or the entire finger may be necessary.
  • The patient must understand that there is a possibility of complications even with a small crack in the toe. Therefore, to the question: “What to do if you break your toe?”, the answer is obvious - seek help and carefully follow the instructions of a specialist. Even if a person thinks that he knows how to independently determine the presence of a broken toe or rule it out, it is better to entrust all this to professionals and preserve his health.

    The largest medical portal dedicated to damage to the human body

    This article tells you all about a broken toe. The causes of injury, symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment are described. Fractures of small bones often go unnoticed or are diagnosed as a contusion or dislocation.

    A broken toe is no exception. If left untreated, injury can lead to unpleasant consequences.

    Anatomical features

    The toes are important for human movement. They give the foot flexibility and stability. Therefore, a fracture of the middle toe, like any other, disrupts a person’s usual way of life.

    Each finger consists of three tubular bones - phalanges. The only exception is the big toe - it consists of two phalanges.

    Causes and types of injury

    The causes of a broken toe may be:

    • falling a heavy object on your leg;
    • strong forefoot strike;
    • pinched fingers;
    • A fracture of a child’s toe occurs during active play.
    • The mechanism of injury is most often direct, when the impact occurs directly on the finger. With indirect impact, an avulsion fracture is observed. Such causes are called traumatic when a fracture occurs due to intense impact. 95% of fractures occur for these reasons.

      Other causes of bone damage are pathological. They are associated with increased fragility and fragility of bone tissue. Osteoporosis, bone tuberculosis, and cancer pathology lead to this condition. These causes account for 5% of fractures.

      Most often, a person breaks the first finger - it is exposed to the greatest stress and is least protected. The second most common fracture is the fifth toe, the little toe. Although it is the smallest, it is located on the outer edge of the foot and is often exposed to external factors.

      The classification of toe fractures is diverse and takes into account different characteristics.

      Table. Types of toe fractures:

    • open – with skin damage;
    • closed - without damaging the skin.
    • fracture of a finger with displaced fragments;
    • fracture without displacement.
    • oblique fracture of the toe;
    • direct fracture;
    • helical fracture;
    • comminuted fracture of a toe.
    • damage in the joint area;
    • damage to the nail phalanx;
    • damage to the proximal phalanx;
    • marginal fracture of the toe.
    • big toe injury;
    • injury to the second finger;
    • fracture of the third toe;
    • fracture of the fourth toe;
    • little finger injury.
    • When making a diagnosis, all characteristics are taken into account.

      How to recognize a broken toe? To properly diagnose an injury, you need to know its symptoms. They are divided into probable and reliable.

      Based on the probable signs, it is impossible to say with certainty whether it is a fracture, bruise or dislocation. Reliable signs allow us to speak with greater confidence about a fracture.

      Possible signs include:

    • swelling, tenderness and redness at the site of injury;
    • increased pain on palpation;
    • forced position of the finger and difficulty moving in it;
    • increase in local temperature.
    • Reliable signs of injury are:

    • palpation reveals a bone defect;
    • the damaged finger is shortened in relation to the others;
    • visually the finger is deformed;
    • pathological mobility of the finger is observed.
    • You need to feel your finger carefully to prevent displacement of bone fragments. Damage to the capillaries can lead to the formation of a subcutaneous hematoma, which will be clearly visible. With an open fracture, a wound forms on the finger, inside which bone fragments are visible. You can learn more about the symptoms of injury from the video in this article.

      It is impossible to make a diagnosis based on patient complaints and examination data alone. The symptoms of a fracture are similar to those of a bruise and dislocation. In order to distinguish whether a bruise, dislocation, crack or fracture of a toe has occurred, an x-ray examination is required.

      A method such as computed tomography is the most accurate. However, it is not used to diagnose a finger fracture. There is no need for this study for such an injury, and the cost of tomography is too high to be performed for a fractured finger.

      What to do if you have a fracture

      Treatment for a broken toe should begin immediately at the scene of the incident. If there is a suspicion of injury, the victim should not be released to the emergency room on their own. The best option would be to call an ambulance. It is also possible to transport the patient to the hospital by personal transport.

      What to do if you break your toe before specialists arrive? First aid for a broken toe is carried out using available methods and materials.

      In case of severe pain, it is allowed to give the victim painkillers in tablets. If the fracture is accompanied by damage to the skin, you need to wash the wound, after which a clean bandage is applied for a broken toe.

      The doctor at the emergency room examines the victim, conducts the necessary examinations and makes recommendations. If the toe is fractured without displacement, applying a tight bandage or plaster from the tips of the toes to the ankle is sufficient. The period of such immobilization is 2-3 weeks. Outpatient treatment of injury is allowed.

      An internal fracture of the toe with displacement is an indication for repositioning of fragments. It is usually done manually. After this, a plaster cast is applied and further treatment proceeds as for a simple fracture.

      Surgery is only required for comminuted fractures. The fragments are compared and fixed with metal screws. Complications of a broken toe occur infrequently, only in cases where medical care was not provided in a timely manner or was not provided at all.

      These include:

    • improperly healed fracture of a toe;
    • post-traumatic arthrosis;
    • fracture infection and development of osteomyelitis.
    • To avoid these complications, it is necessary to consult a doctor in a timely manner.

      Additional treatment

      Patients with fractures require adequate nutrition to promote the rapid formation of callus. To do this, your diet should include foods containing calcium every day. Dairy products are richest in this mineral.

      For symptomatic treatment, medications are used:

      They are prescribed both internally in the form of tablets and topically, for application to the damaged finger. What to apply for a broken toe depends on the most severe symptoms. For pain relief, ointments and creams such as Dolgit, Nurofen, and Voltaren are used. They are applied to the finger 2-3 times a day with massaging movements.

      Folk remedies for a broken toe can only be used in consultation with the attending physician:

    • to accelerate the formation of callus, take egg powder orally;
    • To relieve pain and reduce swelling, compresses of raw potatoes or cabbage are applied to the finger.
    • Important points in the treatment of a broken finger are massage and therapeutic exercises. They prevent the development of complications and contribute to the restoration of motor function. Instructions for performing these procedures are given by a rehabilitation specialist.

      How long it takes for a broken toe to heal depends on several factors:

    • severity of injury;
    • timeliness of treatment;
    • individual characteristics of the body.
    • On average, with an injury such as a broken toe, working capacity is fully restored within a month.

      How to quickly heal a broken toe?

      Among all injuries to the lower extremities of a person, a fracture of the little toe is the most common injury, followed by injuries to the big toe. This is not surprising, because it is easy to catch your little toe on a corner or some object, drop something heavy on your foot, or simply trip over a threshold. Moreover, the big toe has larger bones than the little toe.

      Many people consider a fracture of the little toe to be a minor injury, since the phalanges of the toe are small and there is no severe pain during the injury. However, the consequences of a broken toe can be much more serious than the injury itself.

      Causes of fractures and their types

      Fractures of the fingers, like any other bones in the human body, can be divided into two types, depending on the reason for which they occurred:

    • Traumatic injuries that occur due to mechanical or forceful impact on the finger;
    • Pathological damage that develops during primary bone damage in people with osteoporosis, malignant tumors or tuberculosis.
    • Most often, toe fractures are of traumatic origin due to the fact that the bones in the toe are small and rather fragile. A fracture of the little toe can be open, when a fragment of a broken bone damages the skin, or closed, without damaging the skin. If the injury is closed, you can confuse the fracture with a simple bruise and ignore treatment, which will lead to constant pain in the future. Therefore, it is extremely important to identify the fracture and begin treatment in a timely manner.

      Both types of fracture of the phalanx of the finger can be either with or without displacement of bone fragments. In cases where there is no displacement, we can talk about a slight fracture of the toe, but displacement requires surgical intervention, during which the fragments of the bones of the broken toe are placed in the correct position. Symptoms and treatment largely depend on the type of injury. The open type of fracture always involves displacement of the bones, since without it sharp edges of the bone cannot form, damaging the skin.

      Displacement of bone fragments can lead to:

    • Longitudinal discrepancy, when ligaments and muscles in the finger are injured;
    • Longitudinal placement, in which the muscular and ligamentous apparatus remains intact;
    • Angular displacement, when the finger is injured on only one side;
    • The occurrence of fragments that form when the edges of the bone overlap each other.
    • A toe fracture can be localized in the area of ​​the main, middle or nail phalanx. How long it takes for bones to heal after a fracture depends on the type of injury and its symptoms.

      Clinical picture of the fracture

      Symptoms of a broken toe are probable and reliable. Probable signs include signs that can occur not only with a fracture, but also with other injuries to the fingers, for example, with a dislocation, bruise, or sprain. By reliable signs we mean those that can only be present if a person breaks his toe.

      Possible signs of a broken toe include:

      • pain in the injured finger;
      • redness of the skin in the area of ​​injury;
      • swelling of nearby tissues;
      • unnatural finger position;
      • the occurrence of local hyperemia;
      • impaired motor activity of the injured finger;
      • acute pain in the finger during palpation.
      • Initially, acute pain appears immediately at the moment when the finger is broken. This occurs due to damage to the periosteum, which is rich in nerve endings. Some time after the fracture, due to the development of bruising, swelling and inflammation, the pain becomes dull and it becomes impossible to move not only the injured toe, but the entire foot.

        Reliable symptoms of a fracture of the little toe are:

      • a bone defect can be determined by touch;
      • a broken little finger becomes shorter than a healthy one;
      • the bone has pathological movement;
      • visually you can see that the little finger is broken, as it is deformed;
      • bone fragments rub against each other and crunch during palpation.
      • To see reliable symptoms, the doctor does not always feel the broken finger, as this can cause acute pain to the victim. These symptoms can be seen when the patient's limb moves accidentally.

        Providing first aid in case of injury

        Symptoms of a broken toe may be mild, so the victim does not always seek medical help. As a result, the bone heals incorrectly, reacts with pain to changes in weather, and it becomes difficult to choose and wear shoes. Therefore, for any leg injuries, especially if the little finger is broken, the person should be given first aid. What to do if you break your toe before the ambulance arrives? Just follow certain recommendations:

        1. The victim should be placed so that the leg is slightly above the level of the heart. To do this, you can place a pillow, a bolster made from a blanket, a bedspread, or any other things under your foot. This action will help blood flow away from the fractured phalanx, which will help reduce tissue swelling, bruising and slightly reduce pain.
        2. If your little toe is broken, you need to apply a cold compress, which will help relieve pain, reduce bruising, and prevent swelling on the soft tissues of the leg. For this purpose, you can use an ice pack wrapped in a cloth, cold foods from the refrigerator. You can place the limb in a basin of cold water.
        3. In case of severe pain, it is necessary to give the person a painkiller from a home medicine cabinet. These may be analgesics or non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs. Let's take analgin, paracetamol, ketanov.
        4. In situations where it is impossible to immediately call an ambulance, you need to independently deliver the person to the emergency room for examination. A fracture of the big toe in this case requires the application of a transport splint. To do this, you should take two pens or pencils, first wrap them in a bandage, and tie them on both sides of the big toe. This will help keep the bones immobile until you arrive at the hospital.
        5. If the bones of the middle and subsequent fingers are damaged, there is no need to apply a splint. If you do not consult a doctor in the near future, then the incorrectly fused bone will remind you of itself in the future and may break again even with a slight force.

          How is a phalanx fracture in the leg diagnosed?

          When the little toe is fractured, the symptoms often do not provide a full clinical picture, so the victim must undergo an X-ray. X-rays are taken from the bottom of the foot and the side of the foot. Thanks to this, the doctor sees not only the fact of the fracture itself, but also the presence or absence of displacement of the bones relative to each other.

          Such injuries can be treated with the help of closed placement of the fragments in their places and fixing the injured finger in the desired position with the help of a plaster, or with the help of surgical intervention, when the doctor cuts the tissue, puts the bones in a physiological position in which bone fusion will take place and fixes them using osteosynthesis. How long it takes for bone tissue to heal depends on the type of fracture.

          Treatment of any such injury is not complete without taking painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs. As a rule, in addition to this, you may need to take hemostatic agents and vitamins containing calcium, which helps bones heal faster. Immobilization of the diseased part can be done using a plaster cast or a special orthopedic product, for example, an orthosis or a splint. The period of wearing such a fixation device or plaster cast can vary from two to four weeks.

          The recovery period lasts about two months and is carried out at home. To prevent a fracture, you must always watch your step and wear comfortable shoes, because it is very easy to break a finger, and this leads to unpleasant consequences that can manifest themselves even after a few years.

          Classification and methods of treatment of toe fractures

          A toe fracture is a break in the integrity of a bone structure resulting from a force that exceeds the strength of the bone. Fractures of the fingers of the lower extremities are quite common and account for a third of all fractures of the bones of the lower extremities.

          Fractures of the fingers of the lower extremities are classified by type:

        6. Traumatic fracture. Cause: mechanical impact on the bone (bruise, compression pressure, tucking).
        7. Pathological fracture. The source of the problem is a disease that destroys bone structures, causing them to become excessively fragile. Examples of such pathologies are cancer, osteoporosis, tuberculosis, and dysfunction of the thyroid gland.
        8. Fractures are distinguished by the nature of the violation of bone integrity:

        9. open - with such a fracture, the skin is damaged, and the broken section of the bone is visible in the wound;
        10. closed - despite the violation of the integrity of the bones, the soft tissues retain their integrity;
        11. with displacement - relocation of part of the bone occurs, the displaced bone causes damage to nearby nerve endings, tissues, blood vessels and muscles;
        12. complete - the bone is divided into two or more parts;
        13. incomplete - there is a crack in the bone tissue;
        14. comminuted - with such a fracture, bone fragments fall into the wound.
        15. Finger fractures are classified by location:

        16. nail phalanx;
        17. middle phalanx;
        18. main phalanx;
        19. a combined injury in which the integrity of several finger phalanges is disrupted.
        20. A toe fracture is characterized by two types of symptoms - absolute and relative. Absolute signs indicate a fracture most clearly. Relative symptoms only indicate the presence of injury, in which a fracture may or may not be present.

          Relative signs of a fracture:

        21. pain syndrome;
        22. swelling on the injured limb;
        23. hematoma;
        24. impaired finger functionality.
        25. Symptoms are more pronounced if the main digital phalanx is injured. If your thumb is broken, swelling and bleeding tend to be more noticeable.

          Absolute signs of a fracture:

        26. pathological mobility of the injured limb;
        27. unnatural finger position;
        28. a crunching sound when squeezing the injured area.
        29. If a finger is broken, it is advisable to provide first aid to the victim. First of all, it is necessary to numb the injured area, which will allow further actions to be taken with the injured finger.

          It is necessary to disinfect the wound if it is an open fracture. First aid ends with immobilization of the broken finger.

          When a toe is broken, it is necessary to place the limb in a position that will avoid contact of the broken toe with nearby objects, since otherwise the pain syndrome will intensify.

          It is best to position the foot so that it is arched on the back side, and the main emphasis is on the heel. In this case, the load on the fingers will be reduced, which will reduce pain in the victim.

          You can move the lower limb to an elevated position - this will avoid the accumulation of blood in the damaged area and, as a result, reduce pain and swelling.

          In case of a fracture, you cannot do without the use of painkillers. Such drugs not only reduce pain, but also reduce the intensity of the inflammatory process and swelling.

          The most commonly used medications to relieve pain are:

          Not every person will be able to provide qualified assistance to a victim of a fracture. In addition, there may not be painkillers on hand.

          But even if assistance is provided, it is still necessary to take the victim to the hospital or call an ambulance. Doctors have the necessary experience, knowledge, and the necessary medications.

          Three main techniques can be used to treat a fracture:

        30. one-stage closed reduction;
        31. skeletal traction;
        32. open reduction.
        33. One-stage closed reduction

          The technique is used to treat closed fractures in the presence of displacement of bone fragments. The essence of one-stage closed reduction is to administer an anesthetic to the patient, after which the surgeon, with smooth movements, extends the finger and at the same time returns the fragments to their natural place.

          Lidocaine or Novocaine, which are injected into the injured area, can be used as an anesthetic.

          When the bone is set, the possibility of motor activity in the interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints is checked. If movement of the joint is impossible, it is necessary to repeat the reduction of the fragments or turn to other methods of treating the injury.

          Normal joint mobility indicates successful reduction. In this case, the injured limb is immobilized using a cast or other fixation device.

          The technique is used when one-step reduction does not give the desired result, that is, when attempts to fix bone fragments in their natural position are unsuccessful.

          The method consists of retracting the distal fragment to reduce pressure on the damaged phalanx and avoid relapse of fragments.

          Before fixing the fragment, the patient is given an anesthetic, after which a nylon thread or medical pins are passed through the skin or nail into the injured area.

          The surgeon’s task is to join the ends of the threads or pins to form a ring that will fix the fragments.

          Skeletal traction is designed to be worn for two or even three weeks, and the punctured areas of the skin must be treated with a disinfectant every day. After the specified period, the locking mechanism is removed, and the finger is again immobilized for 2 to 3 weeks.

          This method refers to a full-fledged surgical intervention. As part of the operation, the sections of the broken bone are connected and given a natural shape.

          Open reduction is used to treat open fractures. The technique is also used for the reconstruction of bones that have lost their integrity due to a closed comminuted fracture. Open reduction is a way to combat complications that arise after the repositions described above.

          Reduction carried out using the open method allows the most effective way to restore bone after complex injuries, especially when it comes to comminuted fractures.

          The effectiveness of open reduction is ensured, among other things, by the possibility of direct visual control during surgery.

          In addition, during the operation, fixing devices are installed into the bone, which makes it possible to more effectively connect the destroyed bone structure.

          The main disadvantage of open reduction is that it is a surgical procedure. Like any other surgical procedure, open reduction carries a risk of complications.

          The duration of immobilization of the injured finger depends entirely on the type of fracture and the presence of complications during regeneration.

          If we are talking about closed fractures without displacement and cracks, immobilization lasts 2–3 weeks, and full functionality returns by 3–4 weeks.

          If there was displacement or loss of bone integrity was accompanied by multiple fragments, the period of wearing the plaster is extended to 4–5 weeks, and performance is restored by 6–8 weeks.

          In the case of an open fracture or after open reduction, the period of wearing a plaster cast reaches 5–6 weeks, and performance returns no earlier than after 9–10 weeks.

          Complications of lack of treatment

          Many victims of a fractured finger of the lower limb do not immediately go to the hospital, because they are sure that such an injury is not serious. Often, bone structures actually heal on their own without any problems.

          And yet, we should not forget about the potential danger of complications, the consequences of which far exceed the discomfort from the injury itself.

          Common complications of a fractured toe include:

        34. Large callus. A complication in the form of a callus is a physiological increase in the volume of bone tissue at the site of a bone fracture. Calluses create discomfort when wearing shoes and cause regularly recurring inflammatory processes and pain. Such calluses are usually sensitive to changes in atmospheric pressure.
        35. False joint. The complication is typical for displaced fractures. A false joint, like a callus, will remind itself of itself through pain and inflammatory processes.
        36. Ankylosis. This complication is expressed by pathological transformations in the joint, leading to its immobility.
        37. Incorrect bone fusion. Due to the lack of treatment, not only calluses and false joints form, but also pathological bends of the bone appear. The injured finger may become shortened.
        38. Osteomyelitis. This pathology is an inflammatory process in the bone marrow.
        39. Gangrene. This is the most dangerous of the possible complications, since it represents the death of body tissue, which will result in the need for amputation of the limb. In this case, gangrene develops gradually - day after day, an increasing volume of tissue deprived of normal blood circulation degrades. The longer a patient waits to see a surgeon, the more tissue they will have to lose in the future.
        40. Rehabilitation period

          For 5 to 7 weeks after the fracture, you need to be very careful about the injured limb and avoid putting stress on it.

          Long walks are not recommended, and sports should be completely avoided during this period. You should walk carefully looking at your feet so as not to accidentally injure your finger on any obstacles.

          During recovery after a fracture, it is recommended to follow the following rules:

        41. Wear comfortable shoes with stable soles. Women should stop wearing high-heeled shoes.
        42. Eliminate from your diet foods that remove calcium from the body (coffee, alcohol, carbonated drinks).
        43. Eat as many foods high in calcium as possible. The daily menu should include dairy products, legumes, apples, grapes, eggs, a variety of vegetables, and rye bread.
        44. Take a course of physical therapy.

        Physiotherapeutic procedures

        Physiotherapy is used to accelerate healing of a broken bone to avoid complications.

        During the rehabilitation period, the following types of physiotherapeutic procedures are used:

      • Ultrahigh-frequency and ultrashort-wave therapy (UHF). The mechanism of UHF action is based on heating dense and soft tissues, which improves metabolism and stimulates regeneration in the damaged area. Thanks to UHF, it is possible to relieve the inflammatory process, reduce the sensitivity of nerve fibers, and relax the muscles of the limb. The course of treatment includes from 10 to 15 procedures.
      • Physiotherapy. During the procedure, all toes are involved, except for the broken one. Gymnastic exercises help avoid the occurrence of contractures of uninjured fingers during the period of plaster immobilization. The goal of physical therapy is to gradually develop the joints of the leg in order to ensure normal motor activity, which has decreased during the period of immobilization. The therapeutic course of therapeutic exercises consists of 10–15 sessions of 5–10 minutes each.
      • Soda and salt baths are prescribed immediately after removing the plaster cast. Taking baths can reduce the sensitivity of nerve fibers, speed up regenerative processes and prevent inflammation. The session lasts from 10 to 15 minutes. The water temperature should be between 35 and 40 degrees.
      • Ozocerite or salt applications. The procedure is used to warm the tissues around the damaged finger, thereby optimizing blood flow and accelerating regeneration processes. In addition, the applications also have a general strengthening effect on the body, in particular they have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular, respiratory and endocrine systems. The application course includes 15–20 sessions of 10–15 minutes each. During procedures, the doctor must monitor the temperature of the ozokerite or salt, since a substance that is too hot can cause a burn.
      • Mechanotherapy. The procedure involves fingering small objects (pencils, pebbles, sticks, etc.) with the fingers of the lower limb to restore fine motor skills. Mechanotherapy is especially necessary after damage to nerve fibers by bone fragments. The course of treatment begins immediately after removing the plaster cast and includes 20–30 sessions of 45–60 minutes each.
      • Timely seeking medical help and proper treatment lead to complete healing of the finger bone and restoration of its mobility.

        Delays in visiting a doctor, incorrect diagnosis and treatment worsen the prognosis of a fracture and cause complications.

        How long to wear a cast for a broken toe

        Even a minor injury, such as a broken toe, can immobilize a person for a long time, since rest is necessary for the foot to fully heal. Therefore, the main question for a victim who has suffered a broken toe is how long to wear a cast. Such an unpleasant fracture usually occurs when hitting a foreign object or falling. Most often occurs in the summer when wearing light shoes. In everyday life, a broken toe can be caused by tripping over scattered small objects, such as children's toys, or as a result of a heavy object falling on the toes. Heavy weight also leaves its mark on the integrity of the bones, acting as a gradual pressing force.

        A toe fracture is dangerous because, if treated incorrectly or without seeking medical help, the bones can heal improperly, affecting the shape of the foot or the motor function of the toes.

        The clinical picture of a fracture is characterized by the following signs: severe pain, swelling and blue discoloration at the site of injury, inability to move a finger. Despite the fact that the listed signs are similar to a bruise, it is the mobility of the finger that can determine the nature of the injury. If a finger is bruised, it can move, but if it is broken, it cannot.

        When providing assistance, you should first relieve the pain by giving the victim a painkiller. With an open wound, it is important to remove dirt, apply antiseptic ointment, and elevate the leg so that the blood drains from the foot, thereby reducing swelling. It is recommended to apply cold, which has both a decongestant and analgesic effect.

        A scarf is put on the leg. It must be spread on the floor, the wide part is folded twice so that a tight border 1-2 cm wide is obtained. The foot is placed in the middle, the upper corner is thrown up, the sides are wrapped around the leg, tying it into a knot at the ankle. In this form, the victim should be taken to the emergency room.

        A finger fracture can be displaced or non-displaced. A doctor can determine this from an x-ray. Depending on the injury, the treatment method will follow: surgical or non-surgical. For a simple fracture, a plaster cast is applied to the toe, covering adjacent toes or the entire foot. If it turns out that the bones are crushed, then an operation will be necessary to fix the phalanx of the finger with metal rods.

        The first time after plaster casting, the doctor should examine the leg for swelling and blue discoloration, observing whether the plaster is squeezing the leg and whether blood circulation is impaired. If such manifestations are noticed, then there is a high probability of incorrect plaster application.

        Duration of walking in a cast

        The duration of wearing the plaster is determined individually and depends primarily on the nature of the fracture: with or without displacement, fragmentation or non-fragmentation. The age of the patient plays an important role. In older people, bones take longer to heal, as do people with low blood calcium levels. This is determined by a blood test. Also, the presence of chronic diseases (diabetes and others) affects the strength of the bones and how the fracture heals. Violation of the rules of foot care and heavy physical activity do not contribute to the rapid healing of the bone.

        Since there will be a long period of being in an unusual state, you need to adapt to personal hygiene. Plaster should not be allowed to become wet or exposed to a humid environment. When taking a bath, the limb is wrapped in a plastic bag, or a special waterproof cover is put on.

        Walking in the fresh air is done with the help of crutches or a stroller; in any position, you should keep your leg warm.

        Physical exercises in the form of gymnastics are very useful so that the muscles do not stagnate. When walking on crutches, the measured load on the injured leg is of great importance. During this period, the following exercises are useful: contraction of the plantar muscles under the cast, wiggling the fingers. Massage will help improve blood circulation and metabolism, increase the overall tone of the body.

        During the period of incapacity, you will need proper nutrition, rich in minerals and vitamins, in particular calcium and vitamin D. For this, the diet should consist of dairy products, nuts, and seafood. Magnesium content in food helps increase bone density. The following foods are useful: all green vegetables and fruits, bran, sprouts.

        The time spent in plaster is usually three weeks, but if the bones are fixed with plates or splints, the period can be increased to 2.5 months. Not only do bones heal differently, but tissues can take a long time to regenerate. In any case, removal of the plaster is possible only after an x-ray and as prescribed by a traumatologist. The doctor, with an experienced eye, will determine from the image how the bones have grown together and whether there are any cracks. If he has doubts, he will determine how long to continue wearing the cast. There is no need to rush - the longer the limb is in a cast, the more likely the correct and complete fusion of the bones is, and the lower the risk of a repeated fracture in the same place. A sign that the bone has fused is the appearance of a growth, which the specialist will see during the next x-ray.

        Step on the sore leg after removing the cast with caution. For the speedy healing of the leg, it is important to use a set of exercises aimed at restoring walking and mobility of the fingers: grasping small objects with the fingers, holding balls with both feet, rotating movements of the feet, rolling from heel to toe. It is recommended to start such exercises after 3-4 weeks.

        Fractured toe

        Anyone can get a broken toe. It is enough to hit a stone, a corner of furniture, or fall under a bicycle wheel. Limbs are always more vulnerable to injury, and you don't need to engage in extreme sports to get injured. Most often, the big toe gets hit; a little less common is a fracture of the little toe. Each injury has its own specifics and special treatment methods.

        The most common are closed fractures. In this case, the integrity of the skin is preserved. Injury that occurs as a result of compression is often accompanied by displacement. An open comminuted fracture is difficult to restore. But much is determined by the location of the damage. In this regard, the following are highlighted:

      • fracture of the big toe - often accompanied by a fracture of the sesamoid bone. Intra-articular lesions are the most difficult to treat;
      • fracture of the index finger - implies damage to one or more phalanges of the fingers;
      • fracture of the middle finger - the nail phalanx is most often affected, and along the fault line the fracture can be oblique, longitudinal or transverse;
      • fracture of the ring finger - a single injury is rare; very often injuries also affect the little finger. There are also simultaneous injuries to the 1st, 2nd and 4.5th fingers;
      • fracture of the little toe - one of the common injuries is a fracture of the proximal phalanx.

      A non-displaced injury heals faster and does not require medical reduction. It is much more difficult in the case of significant deformations. There are several types of displacements:

    • with divergence and setback;
    • with lateral and angular displacement;
    • with wedging of fragments.
    • If the middle and distal phalanx are damaged, the treatment tactics will be the same, although the damage themselves occurs in different ways. Only an impacted fracture of the toes can cause a fracture of the middle phalanx. It is quite difficult to damage it when dropped or hit.

      A blow to the entire foot leads to injuries to the phalanges. The first two fingers are often subjected to mechanical stress, and therefore fractures of this kind occur specifically in them. Axial load on broken phalanges is impossible, the damaged finger is not able to bend. Injuries can also be open or closed, with wounds on protruding fingers occurring many times more often.

      Swelling occurs at the site of injury. A blow to the big toe causes similar disorders as with an injury to the big toe, which is due to the presence of only two phalanges. Phalangeal fractures are divided into T-shaped, oblique and transverse. A direct blow to the fifth toe causes multiple injuries due to the small size of the phalanges. The affected little finger instantly swells and becomes blue.

      Trauma code according to ICD 10

      Code S92 covers all foot fractures. For an injury such as a fracture of the little finger, a separate code is not assigned, but for a thumb injury, code S92 is written on the card. 4. In case of a complex fracture with multiple injuries to the foot, the disease is designated by code S92.7. All fractures of any finger other than the thumb are covered by code S92.5.

      You can get a broken toe as a result of a strong blow. Football players are familiar with such injuries, and even reinforced boots do not always protect the foot from injury. Most often it goes to the first finger, because it has the largest dimensions. Traumatic injuries occur due to the fall of a heavy object, accidents, or the foot being caught under a weight. A person can trip and get a crack, but in the normal state of the musculoskeletal system, only a bruised finger occurs. A minimal impact fracture occurs simply due to bone fragility. Diseases such as osteoporosis and tuberculosis lead to tissue weakening.

      Damage caused by bone pathologies occurs in only 5% of cases of common fractures. As a result of this injury, the integrity of the bone group is compromised, and recovery is extremely difficult. Thus, when the phalanx of the little finger is damaged, metatarsal cracks are often observed. A minor blow to another object can cause such pathologies. It is enough to step on a person’s foot to cause injury.

      Due to a fracture of the big toe, the foot takes a forced position. This is immediately noticeable, and there are no problems with making a diagnosis. Symptoms of a fractured little toe are less pronounced. The leg may swell and turn blue both with a fracture and with a bruise.

      What are the first signs of a broken toe? First of all, it is severe pain. It intensifies with tapping or palpation. Painful shock does not occur. Even in the case of a serious injury, pain can be tolerated. A hematoma in the area of ​​the fracture indicates rupture of blood vessels. In some cases, the leg literally turns purple. Swelling after a fracture most often occurs with severe bruising and damage to soft tissue.

      If there are wounds, then we are talking about an open injury. Skin lesions often accompany symptoms of a broken or cracked big toe. Other signs of a broken toe include:

    • redness and local hyperthermia;
    • increase in size of the damaged finger;
    • limited mobility or complete immobility.
    • Symptoms of a toe fracture may include shortening of the damaged toe and its pathological mobility. If a bone is crushed, the fragments may be visible to the naked eye. Signs of a pinky toe fracture include a deformed foot and possible displacement of the fifth toe. Characteristic symptoms of a fracture of the little toe include crepitus of the bones or their fragments.

      Lack of adequate therapy can lead to irreversible deformities. If it is not possible to quickly deliver the victim to a doctor, then you need to provide first aid for a broken toe.

      In this case, the procedure will be as follows:

    • give the patient an anesthetic;
    • treat the wound if there is one;
    • fix the injured finger.
    • If the pain does not decrease, then non-narcotic analgesics are offered. Immobilization is necessary if displacement is suspected. You can fix your toe using a bandage and splint. Usually the thumb is immobilized. It is wrapped together with a pencil or other solid object of suitable size. Fixation is not always justified. More often, the patient is simply laid down or seated, and the leg is placed on an elevation.

      If the main phalanx of the 4th finger is damaged, you can fix the finger with the adjacent one. The phalanges cannot be tied tightly; a cotton pad is placed between them. Cold will help relieve pain and swelling. Apply a bag of crushed ice for 5-10 minutes, and then take a break to avoid frostbite. Cooling will help if there is a fracture of the little toe, but for this injury, first aid will be slightly different.

      What to do if your little toe is broken

      If the little toe is injured, the leg must be raised up and placed on a pillow in a relaxed position. This will prevent swelling and soft tissue swelling. Immobilization of the little toe is not required, but to get the victim to the hospital, the foot should be secured. Shoes are not worn, otherwise the broken bones may be dislodged.

      What else can you do if you have a broken toe at home? After pain relief and anti-inflammatory therapy, all that remains is to call an ambulance. Without an accurate diagnosis, it is difficult to take further action. It is prohibited to reset the finger yourself.

      Minor cracks and fractures often occur without significant symptoms. It is not always possible to determine an injury by eye. In the case of a fracture of the nail phalanx of the big toe, the deformities are easily visualized. The specialist asks questions regarding the duration and causes of the injury. To clarify the diagnosis, an x-ray is taken. The traumatologist prescribes radiography in two projections, which will allow the violation to be accurately localized. Treatment tactics also depend on the accuracy of diagnosis.

      If the second and further fingers are damaged, the patient may not be aware of the fracture. Often the symptoms are similar to a banal bruise. How to determine a broken toe without x-rays? An experienced doctor will be able to understand the nature of the damage by palpation and tapping. But it is not always possible to recognize complex wounds visually. A crack can be identified using a CT scan. But this method seems redundant and unjustified in cases where the damage is obvious.

      Temporary disability due to foot injuries is small. A fracture of the little finger is a serious injury. In this case, a plaster cast is applied and the foot is immobilized.

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      If the broken little toes on the foot are displaced, then they are set. How to treat a fracture in case of a closed injury? Usually the method of one-stage reposition is used. Treatment for a fractured toe begins with pain relief, after which the toe is gradually pulled out, returning it to its physiological position. After reduction, the functionality of all fingers is checked. If the swelling goes away and the fingers function properly, a fixator is installed. This is usually a cast, but may be a bandage.

      The timing of immobilization of the phalanges of the toes is determined by the severity of the injury. For minor injuries, a big toe orthosis can reduce the load and protect the foot from external influences.

      If it is not possible to cure the fracture with one-stage closed reduction, skeletal traction is used. This is an invasive restoration method that allows you to keep bone fragments in the correct position. The damaged little finger (or other finger) is pierced and a nylon thread is inserted. If the little toe is broken, it can be fixed with special pins. In adults, fusion takes several weeks, in children - less. The puncture site is treated with antiseptics, and after removing the fixator, a finger orthosis is installed.

      It makes no sense to use folk remedies for a fracture. The exception is herbal medicines with anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. But they are used for short-term treatment. Products containing gelatin - jellies and jellied meats - can speed up the fusion process.

      Open reduction is inevitable if the bone is displaced or there is an open fracture with damage to cartilage tissue. The most complex is a fracture with multiple fragments. To compare fragments, knitting needles, metal wire and plates are used. The rules of surgical treatment provide for subsequent casting for up to 8 weeks.

      Despite the surgical precision, open surgery poses many difficulties due to the specific nature of the therapy. The risk of infection and suppuration remains high, and there may be difficulties in administering anesthesia.

      How long to treat and wear a cast

      How to quickly heal a damaged foot and reduce the duration of treatment for fractures? Much is determined by the individual characteristics of the patient’s body and the specifics of the injuries themselves. After open reduction, the bones heal for quite a long time. Whether plaster is needed after the main treatment is determined by the traumatologist. But not a single reposition can be done without additional fixation.

      You will have to wear a cast as long as the fracture of your finger heals. For cracks and minor fractures of the toes, immobilization lasts up to 3 weeks. In case of displacement, you can walk no earlier than after 4 weeks, and sometimes after 6 weeks. How long it takes for a finger fracture to heal in the case of an open wound depends on the complexity of the operation. Usually, wearing a cast is prescribed for a period of 5-6 weeks. Restoration of working capacity takes up to 2 months if complications have occurred.

      In case of malunion, repeat surgery will be required. It's hard to say how long recovery will take. Typically, the period of incapacity for work is doubled.

      Development of the foot after removal of the cast should be carried out under the supervision of a physician. The specialist will prescribe gymnastics, massage and select physical treatments. Rehabilitation after a thumb fracture does not take much time. Recovery takes from several weeks to a month. But this is in the absence of complications.

      The patient is recommended to start exercise therapy immediately after removing the cast. One effective exercise is to finger small objects with your toes. Such gymnastics will be especially useful if the nerves have been damaged due to injury. There should be no overexertion during training. First, train for 15-20 minutes, over time the duration of training is increased to 40-60 minutes.

      Exercises after a toe fracture include squeezing and straightening all of the toes. The injured finger is not used for some time, but then it is also included in gymnastics. At the first stage, it is better to replace exercises with self-massage. Light stroking and squeezing will improve blood flow and prevent atrophy. There should be no unpleasant sensations during gymnastics. The duration of therapy is no more than 10 minutes, the duration of the course is 10-15 procedures.

      You can work out your foot on your own, but before performing massage and gymnastics you should consult a doctor. If a toe fracture heals slowly, then hardware physiotherapy is prescribed. The following treatment methods have proven effective:

    • UHF therapy – reduces pain, improves tissue trophism, stimulates metabolism and capillary circulation. One of the reliable methods of recovery after fractures;
    • magnetic therapy – accelerates regeneration, prevents the development of diseases of the skeletal system, reduces swelling;
    • interference currents - activate trophic processes, relieve hematomas, normalize blood circulation.
    • Ozokerite applications have beneficial properties. They dilate blood vessels and eliminate pain after a long stay in one position. Salt baths have a similar effect. Baths with soda will prevent complications and the development of callus. They eliminate local inflammatory reactions and reduce post-traumatic swelling.

      Complications and consequences

      Negative consequences arise due to lack of treatment. Many patients simply do not go to the doctor, because the injury does not bother them much. But this is at first. Over time, the deformities become irreversible and the foot does not function properly.

      Complications can arise due to errors in therapy. If a fracture of the phalanx of one of the toes does not heal properly, a callus may form. This is pathological tissue at the site of fusion. Its dimensions sometimes exceed the size of the phalanx. The growth of replacement tissue is due to the weakness of the bone structure. Callus compensates for the lack of strength, but causes great inconvenience to the patient. It causes pain, interferes with walking, and complicates the selection of shoes. In addition, this is always an additional source of inflammation and a vulnerable spot in case of injury.

      If the callus has formed due to improper reposition, then repeated surgery is required. In this case, healing will take longer than usual. In the presence of a bone defect, repeated surgery is associated with the risk of developing tissue inflammation.

      There are other complications of toe fractures:

    • false joint – occurs due to shrapnel damage. The scattered fragments are erased and become separate elements of the bone. They are not connected to each other, and the space between them represents that same false joint. Due to the lack of cartilage tissue between the fragments, an inflammatory process occurs. The functionality of the finger and foot is generally reduced. If the upper phalanx is damaged, then ingrown nails are possible;
    • ankylosis – occurs due to inflammation in damaged tissues. Over time, the joints ossify and lose mobility. This is one of the reasons why your toes go numb. Sometimes they are completely immobilized, which leads to tissue death. To get rid of this defect, prosthetics are used;
    • Osteomyelitis is one of the most dangerous complications. Occurs as a result of improper treatment of an open fracture. Pathogenic microorganisms enter the bone and cause inflammation. The infection enters the body through an open wound. Less often – by hematogenous route. Correct initial treatment of the injury will prevent the development of osteomyelitis. If infection cannot be avoided, powerful antibacterial therapy is used. In advanced cases - depressurization of the bone;
    • shortening of the bone is a consequence of improper fusion. Erroneous reposition followed by immobilization firmly fixes the fragments in the wrong position. The supporting function of the bone decreases, and pain occurs when moving. The risk of re-fracture increases sharply. Another reposition will correct the situation, but the fragility of the damaged bone still remains.
    • In case of weakening of the skeletal system, calcium supplements are prescribed. They are recommended to be taken for preventive purposes by all elderly people, women during and after menopause, as well as pregnant and lactating women. From a medical point of view, the best prevention is increased caution on the street and at home. It is not difficult to avoid a fracture of the main phalanx if you look under your feet and avoid injury.

      Foods enriched with calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D will help strengthen bones. This group includes fermented milk products, egg yolks, nuts, chicken liver, seafood, and olive oil. They also prevent diseases such as arthritis and arthrosis. At the same time, you should limit your consumption of oxalic and uric acids.

      Dear readers of the 1MedHelp website, if you still have questions on this topic, we will be happy to answer them. Leave your reviews, comments, share stories of how you experienced a similar trauma and successfully dealt with the consequences! Your life experience may be useful to other readers.

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