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The desire to parade in high heels often becomes a serious challenge for many women. By going to the website of an online store and purchasing high heels, narrow sandals, shoes and other types of shoes, they first of all increase their risk of developing a curvature of the big toe.
Unfortunately, despite the huge variety of women's shoes, most of them do not have the required quality. It is inconvenient and poor-quality shoes that often become the main cause of hallux valgus. Although it is worth noting that even with every desire, giving preference to shoes produced by well-known manufacturers, the risk of hallux valgus will still be present.
After all, the higher the heel, the more stress the big toes experience while walking. Tight shoes are also not good for your feet. By compressing the limb, women's shoes first create discomfort for the woman's feet, which subsequently manifests itself in the formation of calluses in the places where the compression occurs. If you do not stop wearing uncomfortable shoes when these symptoms appear, then swelling will subsequently appear in the places where the calluses have formed. They are the harbingers of the appearance of such a painful and difficult-to-treat disease as hallux valgus.
But even if you actively wear narrow shoes with high heels, it is actually quite easy to avoid the occurrence of a serious disease. To do this, you just need to reduce wearing at least beautiful, but uncomfortable shoes to 3 hours a day. Otherwise, it is better to wear looser shoes at all times, allowing your feet and toes to feel more comfortable. For long walks, shoes must be loose, and the heel height should not exceed 5 cm. These are the shoes you should buy if, due to work or other circumstances, you need to be on your feet for a long time.
There is a particular risk of hallux valgus when wearing new narrow shoes. There are several main symptoms of this disease.
Their timely detection allows not only to quickly begin the fight against the disease, but also to get rid of it faster. There are 4 symptoms in total:
The appearance of even one of these symptoms is a serious precursor to the appearance of hallux valgus. But even if one of them is identified, one should not become discouraged.
Previously, such a disease could only be fought through expensive, painful surgery. Nowadays, you can restore the beauty of your legs and get rid of hallux valgus using Valgosocks.
The painless elimination of deformity and the affordable price of the product have made this type of orthopedic socks the most popular option these days, actively used in the treatment of hallux valgus. And this is proven by the numerous reviews left about them; they are easy to read, you just have to go to a special website.
In fact, wearing high-heeled, narrow shoes is only one of several reasons that provoke the appearance of painful hallux valgus.
In addition to it, there are other equally serious factors that can provoke the onset of the disease, these include:
Almost all of these factors can occur in anyone, regardless of age or activity level. But regardless of the reason why the ill-fated bone ultimately appeared, only Valgosocks can help get rid of it without surgical intervention.
Orthopedic socks Valgosocks, in fact, are nothing more than fixators designed not only to return the big toes to the correct position, but also to eliminate such a disease as transverse flatfoot. It turns out that this corrector helps not only eliminate the emerging tumor, but also one of the factors that often provokes its appearance.
The corrector is the result of long research and development carried out by Valgosocks at the German institute of scientists and orthopedic doctors working with them in collaboration. Therefore, the corrector created by their joint efforts is suitable for any type of foot, regardless of its existing features.
Carefully designed Valgosocks feature a special lining and bandage that promotes the correct position of the foot, creating a normal load on it. This influence of Valgosocks on the design features of the foot and the bone itself contributes to their rapid recovery. At the same time, during the therapeutic effect of Valgosocks, a person does not experience discomfort or pain.
Yes, now many companies are actively engaged in the manufacture of various devices designed to remove stones. By going to their website, you can get acquainted with the types of clamps they produce. Yes, any such site has a huge variety of such products. But despite this, Valgosocks underwire socks remain the best.
One of the important advantages of this product is the availability of information about it. All information regarding its manufacture, composition and safety of use is listed on the manufacturer’s official website. Therefore, getting to know the products produced by the manufacturer of this type more closely will not be particularly difficult, just like buying or reading reviews about them.
The product also has the following advantages:
And although such a product, according to the reviews left, it is easy to use. However, there are some rules regarding their use.
It is recommended to wear orthopedic products only on bare feet. They must be fixed securely, the socks should not hang on the feet, only a tight fit to the foot guarantees their therapeutic effect. Despite the fact that such orthopedic products allow you to wear any shoes. However, it is not recommended to wear high-heeled shoes at this time. At the same time, you can use orthopedic products anywhere. They will not create discomfort even during long walking. You can wear them for walking, going to work or shopping.
It is advisable to use socks around the clock. This will not only eliminate all the unpleasant sensations associated with bone deformation, but also speed up the process of its treatment. Wearing orthopedic socks does not require additional costs. Even if it is in direct contact with the skin around the clock, the product will not create any unpleasant sensations or cause skin irritation.
Nowadays, reviews about a particular product play a huge role. Having visited the website of the manufacturer of any product, any visitor often reads them first. That is why, before buying orthopedic socks, many visit the manufacturer’s website. Reading reviews about orthopedic socks, they most of all want to know what results were achieved by other owners of an unpleasant disease who had previously purchased this product.
And although little time has passed since the appearance of orthopedic socks, the reviews left about them have only positive emotions. Still, it is worth considering the difference in the course of the disease. After all, everyone has bone deformation and its subsequent treatment occurs individually. Therefore, when visiting the site and reading reviews about the product left by other users, you should not forget about this.
Despite the fact that each person undergoes treatment with orthopedic socks at a certain pace. Nevertheless, in all cases they have only a positive effect on the feet and sore big toes. Depending on the severity of the deformation of the thumbs, after a certain period of time actively wearing orthopedic socks, a person will again be able to move normally. Even a serious tumor that creates problems when wearing shoes will slowly but completely disappear, and the feet will again have an attractive appearance.
Of course, no fewer questions arise regarding the further use of the product, after removing the bone and returning the natural beauty to the feet. In fact, having once decided to buy this product, any person will not only be able to quickly return their legs to a healthy appearance, but will also subsequently take care of their ideal condition. During the day, many people have to be on their feet for a long time. Such serious loads negatively affect their condition, which manifests itself by the end of the day as painful sensations in the feet. This corrector can relieve daytime fatigue and restore strength to your legs.
With longitudinal flatfoot, a longitudinal arch can be seen on the inner edge of the foot. It is formed by the cuboid, calcaneus, and metatarsal bones, and is strengthened with the help of an aponeurosis. Due to this structure, the foot can perform the main function of shock absorption when a person walks and jumps.
The sphenoid, talus, metatarsal, and navicular bones can form an arch internally. Using X-rays, you can find out about the size of the angles between all anatomical elements, this is how the stage of flat feet is determined.
The angle is 129 degrees. It is measured between the first metatarsal bone, the wedge-shaped joint and the calcaneal tubercle. The transverse arch can be seen between the metatarsals. On an x-ray, when the upper contours come together, an arcuate line may form. Transverse flatfoot occurs if the line is linear and curved. The angle should not exceed 15 degrees.
When the foot is in a horizontal position, the foot can be fixed in three positions: the heel and the head of the metatarsal bone can protrude. When the arches flatten, the fixation may change, causing unbearable pain and swelling of the sole.
The arch is convex when the ligamentous-muscular complex is strong. The ligaments in this case are ties, with their help the foot is fixed. Muscles are a type of spring shock absorber.
1. Intrinsic muscles are needed to move the thumb.
2. The extrinsic muscles are responsible for the movements of the little finger.
3. The median muscles are responsible for the function of all fingers.
The longitudinal and transverse arch are supported by all of the above muscles. When the bundles diverge in different directions, a complex complex for functioning is formed. The bulge may become more flattened if blood circulation in the ligaments and muscles of the foot is impaired.
1. Ligaments and muscles are weakened at birth.
2. Bone tissue is fragile.
3. When a person is on his feet for a long time.
4. When wearing narrow shoes.
5. As a result of a serious foot injury.
At the first stage, unbearable pain occurs in the foot, it occurs after physical activity. The sole swells when a person walks for a long time, also in the evening. To prevent the disease from progressing, you must follow all the rules when walking; socks are prohibited and cannot be placed outward.
After intense physical activity, your legs should definitely rest. To do this, you need to place a pillow under them.
In the second stage of longitudinal flatfoot, a person quickly gets tired and his legs become very swollen. In this situation, the longitudinal angle is expanded, and the height is reduced. In the evening, you may notice that the sole flattens even more. To prevent longitudinal flat feet from progressing to degrees 3, 4, you need to avoid prolonged loads when you walk, and your socks should not be pointed apart.
At the third stage of flat feet, unbearable pain occurs in the sole area, even with little physical activity. The flattening in this situation is significant, the forefoot is widened, and the big toe may move more outward. To alleviate symptoms, you need to wear special insoles and orthopedic shoes. Sometimes emergency surgery is necessary.
At the fourth stage of longitudinal flatfoot, the sole turns sharply inward, creating a concave flattening. In this situation, only surgery will help; other treatment methods are useless, and severe pain may occur.
It is important to find out in time what stage of development your disease is at. Pathology can be diagnosed in children after 4 years of age; for this, an x-ray of the foot is taken from the side.
Lines are visible on the x-ray; you can use them to find out about any changes. Photos are best taken under load. The child is placed on a special tree stand. On the x-ray, you need to move your other leg back and lean on a chair. The photo is taken with the person leaning on his leg.
The picture will help you find out about the degree of the transverse arch; it is performed in a direct projection. In the first degree, the metatarsal bone may deviate slightly inward. The second bone may move toward the sole. The spaces between the bones widen even further.
At the second stage of longitudinal flatfoot, the load is redistributed between the metatarsal bones, they can expand and hypertrophy. Osteophytes are visible along the edges of the metatarsals.
At the third stage of longitudinal flatfoot, you can notice a hammer-shaped curvature. In the photo you can see how the angle of the thumb is deviated.
At the fourth stage, pathological changes in the 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones can be noticed.
At the initial stage of the disease, it is necessary to normalize walking, pay attention to the diet, and follow all the recommendations of the orthopedist. At a later stage, surgery is necessary. It is difficult to find out about longitudinal flatfoot in a small child; for this, you can conduct a special test:
1. Take brilliant green.
2. Lubricate the child's foot. Afterwards it should stand on a sheet of paper. The test is performed on both legs.
3. The middle part of the big toe connects to the central part of the heel. The second line is drawn from the middle part of the heel to the index finger.
This way you can find out about the degree of longitudinal flatfoot. When the curve is beyond the first line, the arch is normal. If the bend is beyond two lines, this is the first stage of flat feet. At stages 3 and 4 of the disease, the bend does not intersect two lines.
It is important to treat longitudinal flatfoot in a timely manner so that it does not progress and lead to serious complications. In children, the disease ends in a serious pathological process. In the future, it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention of longitudinal flat feet.
So, longitudinal flatfoot should not be neglected; it is important to undergo a timely course of therapy.
What is flat feet? Flat feet in children is a deformity of the leg. Often, parents do not even understand the seriousness of this disease and believe that it will pass - after all, the child is not disabled. But flat feet never go away on their own. If it is neglected, treatment becomes more complex and expensive, and even surgery is possible. Yuri Lobachevsky, a surgeon at the Gantsevichi Central District Hospital, told how to identify the disease and how to deal with it. Edit
– In children, flat feet are most often diagnosed after 3 years of age. At an earlier age, the feet are covered with a dense layer of fat and visually have a flat surface. This is due to the fact that the musculoskeletal system in children is not sufficiently developed. At 9–16 months, when the child begins to take his first steps, the fatty “pads” on the soles take on the function of “springs,” protecting fragile bones. The formation of “adult forms” of the arches begins at 2-3 years and ends by 5 years. It is at this time that the orthopedist can detect the first signs of pathology.
– Flat feet will not go away on their own. A child, as people say, will not outgrow this. If you want your child to be healthy, you need to persistently fight the disease. Up to the age of 18, flat feet respond well to treatment using conservative methods. The set of therapeutic measures is selected individually, depending on the age of the child and the severity of the pathology. This could be warm foot baths, daily massage of the feet and legs, walking barefoot on a special mat or natural springy surfaces (pebbles, sand, bare earth, etc.)
– Sometimes parents are completely unaware of the seriousness of this disease, since at first it is not noticeable from the outside and does not seem to have a significant negative effect on the baby. But that's not true. A disease that seems harmless at first glance can lead to sad developments. The presence of flat feet disrupts the “spring” functions of the foot, depreciation almost completely disappears, and all the “recoil” (shaking) when walking falls on the lower leg and hip joints, which can lead to arthrosis.
Parents should understand that flat feet is an ailment that, in the absence of adequate therapy, full treatment of flat feet in children with massage, gymnastics and other methods, leads to serious health complications and significant deformation of the bones of the foot, and in addition, to diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Timely therapy, treatment of flat feet in children at home, and prevention of the disease will restore the child’s health and confidence in his own attractiveness.
– For a child suffering from flat feet, the orthopedist will certainly prescribe special shoes to wear: suitable in size, made of natural materials, always with a hard back and a clear fit on the foot, and, of course, with a small heel. Arch support insoles are selected individually, taking into account the specific shape of the child’s foot.
– Parents themselves can identify some signs of flat feet in their children. There is reason to think about flat feet if the child is clubfoot, that is, his toes are turned outward. This happens when the muscles of the foot are relaxed and do not maintain its correct position. Or when a child steps on the inner edge of the foot while walking.
Lubricate the baby's feet with watercolor paints or regular sunflower oil and place it carefully on a sheet of white paper. Then remove the child from the paper and look carefully at the resulting foot prints.
Those who started walking early
– overweight,
– having neurological or endocrine diseases,
– suffering from joint hypermobility,
– whose parents have flat feet,
– wearing ill-fitting shoes,
Exercise No. 1. Walking on toes. Correct posture is required: hands on the belt, head straight, bend a little.
Exercise No. 2. Walking on the outside of the foot: tuck your toes inward, place your feet parallel to each other when walking.
Exercise No. 3. Walking on some ribbed surface (“washboard”, for example). Stomping your feet on a ribbed board is very useful. Place the board at a 30 degree angle on some support.
Exercise No. 4. Walking in place without lifting your socks off the floor. At the same time, you should try to raise your heels higher.
Exercise No. 5. Walking sideways on a stick or just on a thick cord.
Exercise No. 6. Rolling from toe to heel, preferably while standing on a stick or cord, but you can just do it on any hard surface.
Exercise No. 7 . Walking with rolls from heel to toe. Keep your body straight, do not lower your head. Lift up vigorously, pushing off with your heel.
Exercise No. 8. Rolling a stick forward and backward with your feet. The stick should be about 3 cm in diameter. Perform the exercise while sitting, but with emphasis on your legs.
Exercise No. 9. Raising the body on the toes and lowering the entire foot. In this case, the feet stand so that the big toes are together and the heels are apart.
Exercise No. 10 . Squats on your toes. You can hold onto a support for balance.
Exercise No. 11. Gymnastics for flat feet in a sitting position is very good. You need to sit on the floor, place your hands behind you and grab some small objects (sticks, cord, balls) with your toes, moving them left and right. Then you can grab larger objects with the inner arches of your feet - a pin, a ball, pull them towards you, and pass them to the person sitting next to you.
To begin, use the edge of your palm or palm to rub the plantar part from the heel to the toes. We knead the toes and the entire foot with our thumb. Then, with the pad of the thumb, we “draw” the number 7 on the foot, from the base of the baby’s big toe to the base of the little finger and then along the outside of the foot towards the heel. Then we rub the interdigital spaces of the foot on its back surface in a circular motion.
Stroke, rub and knead both sides of the shin with your palms, focusing on its inner surface, pinching and tapping with your fingertips. Massage the lower leg from the ankle joint towards the knee joint.
Massage of the thighs and buttocks should be done without special emphasis. Stroke, rub and knead the thigh muscles along the bone, and massage the buttocks in any direction. The only addition is the mandatory inclusion of vibration elements (pinch, tap with the edge of your palm, shake).
Climbing with bare feet on a gymnastic ladder or rope will help strengthen the arches of your feet. Walking on a plank, log, or rocking bridge not only develops the arch of the foot, but also has a good effect on preventing the development of flat feet and club feet in children. Climbing barefoot on a gymnastic or rope ladder will help strengthen the ligaments and muscles of the feet, ankle joints, and toes
One of the most effective methods of combating is to perform a special exercise for flat feet in children under 14 years of age. Therapeutic exercises can be performed at home, in a sports complex or in a medical facility. The main thing is to understand the basic principles and accurately reproduce what you see.
One of the most effective methods of combating flat feet is to perform special exercises.
A specialized complex of exercise therapy should be compiled by a doctor, in accordance with the age category, physical fitness and development of the disease. Each exercise for flat feet in children is aimed at developing and strengthening the muscle tissue of the sole, the back of the foot, the lower leg, and normalizing the blood flow of the lower limb.
Among the many reasons for the development of pathology for children, the most relevant (frequently occurring) are:
Symptoms of the disease
The most common symptoms of the disease in children aged 0 to 14 years are:
In order for the exercise for flat feet in children to be as effective as possible, you need to start exercising as early as possible. Even if a specialist has issued a conclusion that the child has no pathology, you can independently do a general set of exercises against foot deformities.
A set of exercises against flat feet should be performed 60 minutes after eating.
An excellent additional material for useful activities is a special massage mat.
Additional materials for classes
Exercise therapy classes are most effective only when they are performed with pleasure. This even applies to schoolchildren, who are quite difficult to persuade to do exercises.
Holding a competition to see who will be the first to collect objects or depict something more beautifully is much more interesting than standard exercise therapy classes.
A useful activity for flat feet is walking on pebbles.
From the starting position “standing” you need to perform the following exercises:
You can encourage your child to roll a ball with his feet.
If there is a sports corner in the house, then the pathology can be corrected by climbing a rope or ladder. For those who do not have this opportunity, disease prevention can be carried out on the playground, encouraging the child to walk along the curb, along the stairs, or along a drawn line.
Don't forget about walking barefoot on uneven surfaces, sand, smooth pebbles, grass, and cycling.
No less important during the treatment of the disease is the combination of therapeutic exercises with other treatment methods. Many experts are convinced that only an integrated approach can bring positive results in the treatment of the disease. Effective methods of treating pathology in children are:
Chegodaeva Lidiya lesson for children? 4-6 years, prevention of flat feet
A series of exercises for children to prevent flat feet
Remember, the sooner the correction begins, the greater the chance of completely restoring the shape of the arch and stopping the development of the disease.
“A stream could flow under the foot of a beautiful girl.”
The bones of the foot consist of three sections: tarsus, metatarsus and toes. The tarsal bones combine seven short spongy bones arranged in two rows. The posterior row is formed by the talus and calcaneus, and the anterior row by the scaphoid, medial, intermediate and lateral sphenoid bones and the cuboid bone. The talus articulates with the bones of the lower leg. Below the talus is the calcaneus, and anteriorly and inferiorly lie the scaphoid, sphenoid and cuboid bones.
The metatarsals are made up of short, tubular bones. The bases of the metatarsal bones connect and form joints with the cuboid and sphenoid bones. And the metatarsal bones are connected to the main phalanges of the fingers by their heads. The bones of the toes are formed from three phalanges (main, middle and nail). The exception is the thumb, which is formed by only two phalanges (main and nail).
The human foot is also characterized by arches. The foot rests on the calcaneal tubercle and the heads of the metatarsal bones. The moderate support area is combined with savings in biological material and the strength of the entire device. Thanks to the muscles of the lower leg descending onto the foot, its own muscles, the ligamentous apparatus, coupled with the plantar tendons, the arches received spring properties: softening impacts on the ground, distributing weight, which allows the foot to smoothly adapt to uneven soil. As you know, springs support the load of the entire body more easily than a flat foot. People with this pathology know how unpleasant it is, but they are unlikely to realize that their feet resemble those of a bear.
Flatfoot is a foot deformity characterized by flattening of its arches. There are transverse and longitudinal flat feet; a combination of both forms is possible. Transverse flatfoot in combination with other deformities is 55.23%, longitudinal flatfoot in combination with other foot deformities is 29.3%.
With transverse flatfoot, the transverse arch of the foot is flattened, its anterior section rests on the heads of all five metatarsals, and not on I and V, as is normal, the length of the feet decreases due to the fan-shaped divergence of the metatarsal bones, the outward deviation of the first toe and the hammertoe. middle finger deformities. With longitudinal flatfoot, the longitudinal arch is flattened and the foot is in contact with the floor with almost the entire area of the sole, the length of the feet increases.
Flat feet are directly dependent on body weight: the greater the weight and, therefore, the load on the feet, the more pronounced the longitudinal flat feet. This pathology occurs mainly in women. Longitudinal flatfoot occurs most often at the age of 16-25 years, transverse - at 35-50 years. Based on the origin of flatfoot, a distinction is made between congenital flatfoot, traumatic, paralytic and static. It is not easy to establish congenital flat feet before the age of 5-6 years, since all children younger than this age have all the elements of a flat foot. However, in approximately 3% of all cases of flat feet, the flat foot is congenital.
Traumatic flatfoot is a consequence of a fracture of the ankles, heel bone, and tarsal bones. Paralytic flat foot is the result of paralysis of the plantar muscles of the foot and the muscles starting on the lower leg (a consequence of Poliomyelitis).
Rachitic flatfoot is caused by the body loading on weakened bones of the foot.
Static flatfoot (the most common 82.1%) occurs due to weakness of the leg and foot muscles, ligaments and bones. The reasons for the development of static flat feet can be different - an increase in body weight, working in a standing position, a decrease in muscle strength with physiological aging, lack of training in people with sedentary professions, etc. Internal reasons contributing to the development of foot deformities also include a hereditary predisposition to external reasons - overload of the feet associated with the profession (a woman with a normal foot structure, spending 7-8 hours at the counter or in a weaving workshop, may eventually acquire this disease), housekeeping, wearing irrational shoes (narrow, uncomfortable).
When walking in high heels, the load is redistributed: from the heel it moves to the area of the transverse arch, which cannot support it and becomes deformed, which is why transverse flat feet occur.
The main symptoms of longitudinal flatfoot are pain in the foot and changes in its shape.
With mild flat feet (grade I), after physical activity, a feeling of fatigue appears in the legs, and painful sensations occur when pressing on the foot. The gait becomes less flexible, and often the foot swells in the evening.
In those suffering from degree II flat feet, the pain is concentrated not only in the feet, but also spreads to the ankles and lower legs. It is stronger and more frequent. The muscles of the foot largely lose their elasticity, and the gait loses its smoothness.
Finally, degree III flatfoot is a pronounced deformity of the foot. Often patients consult a doctor only at this stage. After all, pain in the feet, legs, which are almost always swollen, and in the knee joints is constantly felt. The lower back often hurts, and a painful headache appears. With grade III flat feet, sports become unavailable, ability to work is significantly reduced, and even quiet, short walking is difficult. A person can no longer move in ordinary shoes.
The consequences of transverse flat feet should not be underestimated, even if the flattening of the transverse arch of the foot is almost invisible. Flat feet are one of those diseases that, once they occur, progress quite quickly. Therefore, soon the transverse arch may not be determined at all. The forefoot is spread out. This causes deformation of the fingers; they acquire a hammer-shaped shape. Transverse flatfoot is also characterized by pain in the foot, as well as calluses of the skin of the sole under the heads of the metatarsal bones, and tension in the extensor tendons of the fingers. The more pronounced it is, the more the big toe deviates from the outside, which leads to subluxation of the head of the first metatarsal bone. Although an external examination can determine the presence of flat feet, this only applies to severe advanced cases.
People suffering from flat feet walk with their toes turned out and their legs spread wide apart, slightly bending them at the knee and hip joints and vigorously swinging their arms; they usually have wear on the inside of their soles. For a more accurate definition of flat foot, you should consult an orthopedic doctor.
Prevention. Education of the correct gait - avoid spreading your toes when walking, so as not to overload the inner edge of the foot and the ligaments that support it. Persons whose profession involves standing for long periods of time are recommended to have their feet parallel and rest from time to time on the outer edges of supinated feet (3-4 times a day, stand on the outer sides of your feet and stay in this position for 30-40 seconds). At the end of the working day, warm baths (water temperature 35-36 C) are recommended, followed by a massage of the arch of the foot and supinating muscles.
Massage the front and inner surfaces of the legs with smooth but fairly strong movements; while massaging the feet, pay special attention to the soles. Basic techniques: stroking, rubbing, kneading in different directions, tapping with fingertips.
The duration of one course is 1.5-2 months, the time of one procedure is 10-12 minutes. Special physical training techniques are of great importance: walking barefoot on uneven surfaces, on sand, walking on tiptoes, jumping, live games (volleyball, basketball, etc.). When at the beach, wander or jog along the shore, wading into knee-deep water. If you are sufficiently hardened, then whenever possible, run barefoot on grass wet from dew or warm rain. You will get incredible pleasure and at the same time perform an excellent exercise not only against flat feet, but also to improve blood circulation in the legs. It is very important to wear shoes that fit your feet exactly. The medial edge of the boot should be straight so as not to retract the first toe outward, and the toe should be spacious.
No matter how beautiful and fashionable the shoes are, refuse them if they are even the slightest bit tight or narrow. The heel height should be 3-4 cm, the outsole should be made of elastic material. There's no doubt that high heels look great on your feet, but don't wear them every day. Otherwise, it may happen that after a while you will be doomed to wear only orthopedic shoes. To prevent flat feet or relieve pain, a large number of inserts and special shoes are offered.
For less complex deformations, it is good to use insoles - cork, plastic or metal. Complex deformities require shoes or orthopedic insoles to be made from plaster casts. For severe forms of flat feet that cause constant severe pain, surgical treatment is indicated.
And one last thing. Remember that treating flat feet, like any other disease, is a much more difficult process than preventing it. Therefore, spare no effort and time to prevent it!
The feet have always endured all sorts of human tricks. The artificial deformation was not only impressive, but in some cases also represented a symbolic necessity. One of the researchers of the lifestyle of the indigenous population of Australia wrote about the rite of kadaitja (kurdaicha). At the beginning of our century, this word was used to refer to a shoe made of kangaroo fur and emu feathers. Such a shoe was worn by those who practiced magic, but his little toe was first rubbed with hot stones and then twisted out. This was done so that the said finger would become an “eye” that “sees” everything that comes so low on its path.
It has been proven that there are many biologically active points on the foot, which can be used to treat a wide variety of organs; nerves that have not yet been identified by anatomists even supposedly connect the feet with all the internal organs. Points susceptible to the action of a magnetic field were also discovered here. As with palmistry, there is still much that is unclear when deciphering the mechanism of action, as well as in explaining the possibility of walking barefoot on burning coals. Let me refer to the opinion of some researchers that the foot sometimes acted as a symbol of the soul. In a number of museums you can see sculptures whose legs at different levels - lower leg, foot, shoes - are equipped with wings.
This should be regarded as an indication of the possibility of not just ascent, but spiritual ascent. The foot is also the embodiment of discontinuity, some kind of division between the body and the ground. Therefore, foot worship is often equivalent to ground worship. We leave the foot restriction below - shoes - at the entrance to the sanctuary. There was even a sect of “barefoot” monks and nuns, like other adherents of asceticism, who did not wear shoes. In ancient times, the process of ablution acquired both direct and symbolic meaning.
Usually slaves washed the feet of guests, but before the Last Supper Christ did the same, expressing infinite humility. “Heel”, heel, was perceived as the “end” of a person. Typically, for most people, this part of the foot is directed posteriorly. This is where the soul “goes” when frightened. It is with this part of the feet that they press, crushing evil, the snake, and it is here that they sting us, like all kinds of gods and heroes.
In Ossetian folklore, the heels of devils are turned forward, and similarly in the legends of some Siberian peoples. That's why they are "anti-pods" (podos is Greek for leg). Anchutki in Slavic mythology do not have heels at all, they have hooves, which clearly indicates that they belong to the “evil spirit.” The toes, as everyone knows, are shorter than those on the hands. They are functionally less in demand. Let us leave it to Aristotle’s conscience to assert that those who have crooked toes are shameless. More precisely, in men the shape of the fingers is elongated, and in women it is shortened and flattened. Usually the first and second toes are almost the same length, the second is often even longer.
Only in a newborn does the big toe have significant mobility (it resembles in function that of the hand at this time). Then humans lose the grasping ability of their toes, but monkeys do not. We lose our grip, and our feet are adapted from now on until the end of our days primarily for support.
The smallest toe on the foot is the fifth toe. Some scientists, due to the fact that it does not really participate in the support, predict its almost complete disappearance in the distant future. N.N. Miklouho-Maclay wrote that he saw many Papuans holding large objects with their feet. It turns out that after long training, some people can pinch their toes, operate an oar, play musical instruments, draw, write, sew (Japanese), weave (Bengalis).
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According to statistics, flat feet occur in 7-8% of 6-7 year old children and more than half of adults.
If you have flat feet, your foot does not receive enough support from the inner arch muscles and gradually sinks and flattens.
The reason for the development of flat feet may be hereditary weakness of muscles and ligaments or their overstrain.
Nowadays, people are forced to walk a lot on flat and smooth surfaces. And women simply cannot do without high heels and begin to wear them almost from adolescence, that is, during the period when the foot has not yet fully formed.
And, naturally, all this contributes to the development of flat feet.
Test for flat feet at home
Apply the thick cream to your foot and stand on a piece of paper.
For a normal, healthy foot, distance a in the figure should be approximately 2/3 of the entire line.
If this distance takes half or more, then most likely you have flat feet and you need to see an orthopedic doctor to start treatment.
Shoes. Shoes with flat feet get worn down and wear out on the inside. Walking in heels is difficult and uncomfortable, and it’s not easy to find shoes with low heels.
Foot. The foot with flat feet is flattened, looks unnatural, seems wider than it actually is. Due to the load on the pad of the thumb, it deviates towards the second finger, and a bone appears. It is very unpleasant when you naturally have narrow feet, and you could wear narrow dress shoes, but because of the “bumps” you are forced to buy shoes with more fullness, or put up with the fact that the bunions protrude, causing pain when walking.
Corns. Shoes put pressure on the protruding bone, this place becomes red and swollen, and corns appear on the feet. I have to get pedicures more often.
Ingrown nails. One of the causes of ingrown nails is deformation of fingers pressed closely together.
Unnatural gait and posture. The gait with flat feet is most often heavy, stiff and unnatural, and “clubfoot” appears when walking.
Knees. Foot deformation necessarily affects the shape of the legs. When muscles and ligaments are weak, the knees turn inward and the legs appear crooked.
Leg muscles. Leg muscles may be underdeveloped or disproportionately developed. In any case, it will not add beauty to your legs.
What can flat feet lead to if treatment is not started on time? First of all, it is pain when walking in the feet, knees, hips and back, fatigue, swelling, a feeling of heaviness in the legs, and sometimes leg cramps. Over time, varicose veins, poor posture, osteochondrosis and many other problems may develop.
To summarize the above, we can say that flat feet are a disease that leads to wear and tear of almost the entire musculoskeletal system.
If you spend more than 7-8 hours on your feet at work, it doesn’t matter whether you walk or stand, then sooner or later this will cause overload even in a normal foot. Thus, there is a real risk of developing flat feet over time if you do not already have them.
“Dangerous” professions include the work of a waiter, salesperson, hairdresser, and security guard (for example, in a supermarket).
If you work on your feet, wear shoes with soft, thick soles and open toes to allow free air flow to your feet. It is also good to have shoes with a fabric upper that covers the ankles.
1. Whenever possible, rest your feet, take off your shoes and raise your feet as high as possible.
2. In summer, walk more barefoot on grass, sand or pebbles. During the rest of the year, use a massage mat.
3. Stand on the outer edges of your feet 3-4 times a day and stand in this position for 30-40 seconds.
4. If you wear high heels, try to step on your toes when walking.
5. If you wear flat shoes, try to step on your heels when walking.
Of course, you can live with flat feet, but you must fight it.
And, if you decide to seriously take up the treatment of flat feet, spare no time and money and seek help from a professional orthopedic doctor.
Flatfoot is a foot deformity consisting of a decrease in the height of its longitudinal arches, combined with pronation of the heel and supination contracture of the forefoot.
Sometimes flat feet are combined with a valgus position of the foot, which is characterized by an outward deviation of the heel (Fig. 33). This combination is called planovalgus foot . With flat feet, at the same time as the arches decrease, the foot twists; in this regard, the main load falls on the flattened internal arch, and the spring function of the foot is sharply reduced.
There are longitudinal and transverse flat feet. This pathology is observed equally in people of sedentary professions and those working in a standing position, but the latter complain of pain in the feet 2 times more often.
As longitudinal flatfoot , the length of the foot increases, mainly due to a decrease in its longitudinal arch. With the development of transverse flatfoot, the length of the foot decreases due to the fan-shaped divergence of the metatarsal bones and the deviation of the first toe outward (Fig. 34).
Flat feet are directly dependent on body weight: the greater the weight and, therefore, the greater the load on the feet, the more pronounced longitudinal flat feet, mainly in women. Longitudinal flatfoot occurs most often between the ages of 7 and 25 years, and transverse flatfoot - at 35-50 years.
Based on the origin of flatfoot , congenital flatfoot, traumatic, paralytic, rachitic and static foot are distinguished.
Static flatfoot occurs in athletes involved in sports such as weightlifting, rhythmic and artistic gymnastics, acrobatics, and figure skating, due to the large vertical load on the foot and the early start of these sports. For transverse flatfoot and outward deviation of the first toe, treatment can be conservative and surgical. Conservative treatment comes down to wearing orthopedic shoes of various designs. In milder cases (grade I), you can place a cushion below the location of the corns.
Exercise therapy technique . The main objectives of exercise therapy are to correct foot deformities and strengthen the muscles of the foot and lower leg. Correcting foot deformities means reducing existing flattened arches, pronated heels, and forefoot contracture.
In the preparatory period (at the beginning of the treatment course), special exercises for the muscles of the lower leg and foot are recommended to be performed in IP. lying and sitting. Irrational and irrational things are excluded. while standing - especially with the feet turned out, when the force of gravity falls on the inner arch of the foot.
Special exercises should be alternated with general development exercises for all muscle groups and relaxation exercises. The use of general developmental exercises for flat feet is especially important, since it develops in physically weakened people.
It is necessary to equalize the tone of the muscles that hold the foot in the correct position and improve coordination of movements.
In the main period, the position of the foot is corrected and secured. For this purpose, exercises are used for the tibial muscles and finger flexors with an increasing total load, exercises with resistance, with a gradually increasing static load on the feet (taking into account the achieved correction); exercises with objects (grabbing balls, pencils with your toes and moving them, rolling sticks with the soles, etc.). To consolidate the correction, special walking options are used: on toes, on heels, on the outer arches of the feet, with parallel feet. To enhance their corrective effect, special devices are used (ribbed boards, beveled surfaces, etc.). All special exercises are performed in combination with exercises aimed at developing correct posture and general developmental exercises - in accordance with the age characteristics of those involved.
Important means of treatment and rehabilitation for flat feet are physiotherapeutic procedures (warm baths, Sollux lamp, local negative pressure, etc.), as well as massage of the feet and legs. Complex foot deformities require the manufacture and wearing of orthopedic shoes or surgical treatment.
A favorable result of treatment is manifested in the reduction or disappearance of discomfort and pain during prolonged standing and walking, in the normalization of gait and restoration of the correct position of the feet.
In the final period, in addition to physical therapy classes, mass forms of exercise therapy are used: swimming (especially crawl), skiing, skating, close hiking, etc. Exercises with weights in and out should be limited. standing, as well as jumping exercises and dismounts.
For flat feet, classes are conducted primarily individually, less often in a small group. Lesson duration – 30-45 minutes. Children with flat feet belong to the preparatory medical group.
Special LH exercises are aimed at strengthening the peroneus longus muscle, which pronates the forefoot; tibialis muscle and long flexor digitorum muscles, which enhance supination of the hindfoot and rotate the lower leg outward; flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum brevis and tibialis muscles, which help deepen the longitudinal arch.
Exercises are performed in IP. lying, sitting, standing, and also while walking, which makes it possible to regulate the load on certain muscles of the lower leg and foot (Fig. 35). First, you need to limit yourself to performing exercises in the I.P. lying and sitting, with alternating muscle contraction and relaxation. In the future, it is recommended to include exercises with static loads in your classes.
An approximate list of exercises performed in various starting positions
I. p. – lying on your back
1) alternately and simultaneously pulling back the toes, raising and lowering the outer edge of the foot;
2) bending your legs and resting your feet on the floor, spreading your heels to the sides;
3) sliding the foot of one leg along the shin of the other;
4) bending your legs and resting your feet on the floor, alternately and simultaneously lifting your heels.
1) adduction and supination of the feet with simultaneous flexion of the fingers;
2) grabbing the ball with your feet and lifting it;
3) raking the fabric mat with your fingers;
4) grabbing an object with your fingers and lifting it;
5) maximum extension and reduction of the heels, without lifting the toes from the floor;
6) placing your feet on the outer edges, spreading your knees with maximum bending of your toes;
7) rising from a sitting position “Turkish style”, leaning on the hands and the back of the feet.
1) lifting on the toes with emphasis on the outer edges of the feet;
2) turns of the body with fixed feet;
3) “swallow” exercise followed by turning the body towards the supporting leg;
4) half squats and squats, standing on a gymnastic stick and moving your arms forward or to the sides;
5) grasping any objects with your fingers and lifting them.
These exercises, in addition to training the muscles, allow you to correct the arches of the feet and their valgus position.
While walking
1) walking along two sides of an inclined plane having a triangular cross-section;
1) adduction of the forefoot;
3) adduction of the outer part of the foot, rising onto the toes at each step.
Since treatment and rehabilitation are associated with great difficulties, prevention of the development of flat feet is extremely important. In childhood, it is necessary to perform special exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles and joint-ligamentous apparatus. Walking barefoot on uneven ground or sand is very useful, where natural training of the lower leg muscles occurs and the arch of the foot is actively supported - the so-called sparing reflex. To prevent foot deformities, rationally selected shoes (that fit your feet) are of great importance. The medial (inner) edge of the boot should be straight so as not to retract the first toe outward, and the toe should be spacious. The heel height should be no more than 3-4 cm; The outsole is made of elastic material. It is contraindicated to wear shoes with flat soles, soft and felted ones.
When flat feet begin, in addition to choosing shoes, it is necessary to reduce the load on the arch of the foot when standing and walking, and put in arch supports in the shoes. At the end of the day, warm baths are recommended, followed by a massage of the arch of the foot and supinating muscles.
Test questions and assignments
1. Define human posture.
2. At what age does posture begin to develop?
3. What are the main characteristic signs of correct posture?
4. What are the causes of poor posture?
5. Types of postural disorders associated with an increase in physiological curves.
6. Types of postural disorders associated with a decrease in physiological curves.
7. What is asymmetrical posture?
8. General tasks of exercise therapy for postural disorders.
9. Temporary contraindications to the use of exercise therapy for various types of postural disorders in children.
10. Organizational and methodological requirements for conducting classes for postural disorders.
11. Basic means of exercise therapy for the correction of postural disorders.
12. Special exercises for postural disorders (using the example of one of the types of disorders).
13. Hydrokinesotherapy for poor posture.
14. Basic forms of exercise therapy for postural disorders for preschoolers and schoolchildren.
15. Motor tests to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic exercises.
16. Define scoliosis. What is the difference between scoliosis and postural disorders in the frontal plane?
17. Define vertebral torsion. Tell us about the pathogenetic classification of scoliosis.
18. Tell us about the classification of scoliosis according to the shape of the curvature and degree of complexity.
19. Method for determining the arc of spinal curvature.
20. Characteristics of scoliotic disease of the first degree.
21. Characteristics of scoliotic disease II degree.
22. Characteristics of stage III scoliotic disease.
23. Characteristics of stage IV scoliotic disease.
24. The main means of exercise therapy used in the conservative treatment of scoliosis.
25. Method of exercise therapy for scoliotic disease.
26. Characteristics of symmetrical, asymmetrical and detorsion exercises.
27. What is corrective gymnastics? Describe each part of the lesson.
28. Motor tests characterizing the strength of the flexor and extensor muscles of the body.
29. Therapeutic swimming classes for scoliosis.
30. Methods for assessing the impact of physical activity during exercise therapy for scoliosis.
31. Define flat feet. Characteristics of planovalgus foot.
32. Name the types of flat feet and their distinctive features.
33. Objectives and methods of exercise therapy for flat feet.
34. Special exercises used for flat feet.