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Mycoses of the feet nail fungus treatment

25 Jul 18

Why are athlete's foot so common and difficult to treat?

It is important to know! An effective remedy for Itching exists! Follow the link and find out what Dr. Sergei Rykov recommends... Read more...

Mycoses of the feet are fungal diseases, combined into one group of dermatomycosis, since they tend to affect the same parts of the body, namely the foot, nails, heels and interdigital folds. Dermatomycosis ranks second in prevalence after pustular diseases and, according to various sources, a third of the inhabitants of our planet are infected with them. Mycoses of the feet have been studied for more than a hundred years, but it has not been possible to get any closer to reducing infection; in recent years, on the contrary, the number of cases is only growing. This is easily explained by social factors and professions where favorable conditions are created for the fungus (miners, military, metallurgists, etc.).

The group of mycoses of the feet included diseases that have similar routes of infection, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. We are talking about the following dermatomycosis:

  • Athlete's foot. The causative agent is the fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. Interdigitale, which is found in scales and scraps of macerated epidermis. Athlete's foot is very common among athletes ("athlete's foot"), metallurgists, miners and the military. This is explained by the fact that the feet are constantly in closed shoes under the influence of elevated temperatures. Hence, severe sweating of the feet is a favorable area for the growth of fungus. The spread is facilitated by microtraumas, endocrine disorders, lack of personal hygiene and visits to public showers. The initial stage can very easily be missed, since in most cases it has a poor clinical picture. There may be slight peeling between the toes (most often in the fourth interdigital space) and the appearance of small cracks on the heels. In advanced cases, there is a large number of blisters on the sole and interdigital folds. Subjective sensations are itching and burning in the affected area. In 20-25% of patients, there is also damage to the nail plates, which become deformed and crumble. Localization of lesions on the foot with inguinal athlete's foot, which is characterized by damage to the area of ​​the inguinal-femoral folds, is rare.
  • Rubrophytia. Rubromycosis is considered the most common mycosis of the feet, affecting the skin and nail plates of the feet. The causative agent is Trichophyton rubrum, which is characterized by a long stay in the stratum corneum without showing any clinical symptoms. Provoking factors for the activation of the fungus are considered to be increased sweating, diseases of the endocrine system, a sharp decrease in immunity and body resistance. The initial stage of rubromycosis of the foot is considered to be the appearance of mealy scales on the sole and an increase in the skin pattern. Over time, the lesions spread to the interdigital folds, toes and nails. In addition to the initial symptoms, severe dry skin on the heels and balls of the toes may occur. In advanced forms, the nail plates are necessarily involved in the process, but unlike epidermophytosis, which is almost always localized only on the I and V nail plates, rubrophytosis is characterized by damage to all nails at once. Rubromycosis of nails at the initial stage is characterized by a change in the color of the nail plate and its slight deformation. Subsequently, the color may change from pale yellow to brownish brown. In advanced forms, atrophy of the nail and its rejection from the bed are very often observed. And another important difference between rubromycosis and epidermophytosis is the spread of the fungus from the feet and inguinal-femoral folds to the arms, face, back, abdomen and other parts of the body . Very often, different types of rubrophytosis are found among bathhouse attendants, pool workers and people whose work involves high humidity and sweating.
  • Yeast fungi. It is much less common than rubrophytosis or epidermophytosis. The causative agent is a fungus of the genus Candida, which is considered conditionally pathogenic and is present on the skin of every person. In 90% of cases, candidiasis affects the genitourinary system, the skin of the inguinal-femoral folds and the perianal area. But, there are also situations in which the localization of lesions is observed on the nail plates. A distinctive feature of nail candidiasis is severe itching and burning in the lesions themselves and near them. The initial process is characterized by thinning of the nail plate and a change in its color (almost always dull). Spontaneous extinction of the process and a sharp resumption may also be observed - also a distinctive feature of all candidal lesions.
  • Also, some experts classify mycosis of the feet as infection of the nails by mold fungi, which do not penetrate deeply into the skin, so they are treated much more simply than epidermomycosis and rubromycosis. Characteristic differences are the appearance of black spots on the surface of the nail plate and a change in its color to green or yellow-brown.

    Diagnosis and treatment

    Diagnosis of mycoses of the feet is based primarily on examination of the clinical picture and microscopic examination of scales, vellus hair and nails from the lesions. Very often, differential diagnosis of rubrophytosis is carried out with lichen planus or lupus erythematosus, and epidermophytosis with psoriasis and Dühring's dermatitis herpetiformis. A culture may be performed to definitively confirm the diagnosis.

    Treatment of mycoses is almost always divided into two stages:

    You can quickly get rid of itching, rashes and even fungus forever! In the modern world, innovative means and methods for solving problems appear every day:

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    1. Preparatory. Elimination of inflammatory processes and removal of scales and other layers from the surface of the foot. Removal of horny layers and scales is carried out using keratolytic agents. We are talking about compresses that are made on the basis of petroleum jelly, salicylic and lactic acid. Duration is from 2 to 8 days, depending on the course of the disease and the nature of the lesions. Soap and soda baths are also indicated, after which the affected areas are thoroughly treated with pumice. For intertriginous and dyshidrotic forms of mycoses of the feet, treatment identical to acute eczema is used.
    2. Basic. Selection of antifungal drugs, depending on the type, location and prevalence of the fungus. There is no 100% correct scheme here, but with erased and squamous forms you can get by with ointments alone; in cases with the dyshidrotic form, complex therapy will be needed, including the use of systemic antimycotic drugs and the use of external agents. Most often, when treating mycoses of the feet, they resort to the services of Lamisil, clotrimazole, mycoseptin, microfungin and Castellani liquid. Infection with mold fungi is successfully treated with the drug Orungal, and onychomycosis of the nails is usually treated with Griseofulvin in combination with local agents. Very often you have to remove the nail affected by the fungus and seal it with a keratolytic plaster. After two days, the patch is removed and the bed is cleaned with a blade. Next, at the discretion of the doctor, an antimycotic agent is selected for treating the exposed bed.
    3. It must be remembered that the treatment of mycoses of the feet is a long process, lasting in some cases for years. It implies not only the patient’s patience, but also the implementation of all necessary therapeutic and preventive measures.

      Prevention and prevention

      Preventive measures for all types of foot mycoses should be aimed at creating the most unfavorable conditions for fungi. People who are overweight are advised to lose weight and thereby reduce the stress on their feet. If possible, avoid visiting public showers, baths and swimming pools (at least without your own shoes). Owners of bathhouses, swimming pools and public showers also have a number of requirements for the prevention of mycoses:

    4. replacing all wooden gratings with rubber mats:
    5. individual rubber slippers for all employees and visitors;
    6. chlorination of pool water and frequent changes;
    7. disinfection of floors in bathhouses, dressing rooms, showers, gyms using products containing bleach.
    8. Owners and employees of salons where manicure and pedicure procedures are performed should also pay great attention to the prevention of mycoses. All instruments must be thoroughly disinfected after each client.

      Well, the most banal thing, but often the cause of a fungal infection, is a complete rejection of uncomfortable and closed shoes. Avoid excessive sweating (put talcum powder in your socks), and treat your shoes at least once every six months. Do not wear someone else's shoes, socks, tights or stockings.

      And a little about secrets.

      Have you ever had problems with Itching and irritation ? Judging by the fact that you are reading this article, you have a lot of experience. And of course you know firsthand what it is:

    9. scratch irritation
    10. wake up in the morning with another itchy plaque in a new place
    11. constant unbearable itching
    12. severe dietary restrictions, diets
    13. inflamed, bumpy skin, spots.
    14. Now answer the question: Are you satisfied with this? Is it possible to endure? How much money have you already wasted on ineffective treatment? That's right - it's time to end them! Do you agree? That is why we decided to publish an interview with Sergei Rykov, in which she reveals in detail the secret of why the skin itches and how to deal with it. Read the article.

      Mycoses of the feet: fungus of the nails and skin of the feet

      Mycosis of the feet is a common reason for people turning to dermatologists. The disease has been known to doctors since 1888, and to this day a third of humanity periodically encounters a fungal infection. Most often it develops on the feet, since they are in shoes for a long time, and not of the best quality. We will describe in detail how to recognize early signs of pathology and how to treat mycosis of the foot and nail plates correctly in this article.

      The blame for the prevalence of mycotic infection lies with the administrators of swimming pools and public baths and saunas, who do not pay due attention to the disinfection of premises. The favorite environment for mushrooms is warmth and humidity. The mycelium reproduces by spores and leaves them on the floor and in the corners of rooms. The penetration of parasites into the skin tissue is facilitated by diaper rash, irritation and dryness of the dermis, leading to its cracking. It is also difficult to avoid infection for those people who suffer from hyperhidrosis - excessive sweating. Diaper rashes form on a body that is prone to sweating, and it is easy for mycelium to multiply.

      The incidence of fungus is typical for several categories of citizens:

    15. Elderly.
    16. Immunocompromised patients.
    17. People with various disorders of hematopoietic functions.
    18. Holders of trophic ulcers, patients with varicose veins and thrombophlebitis.
    19. The risk of getting mycosis of the feet and nails becomes maximum in situations where a person tries on someone else's shoes or new shoes in a store without protective socks. Also, trouble in the form of infection occurs when a person uses hygiene items and bath towels and washcloths of other family members. Another option for infection is walking barefoot on carpets and rugs, which the mycelium has chosen due to poor cleaning of the apartment.

      Now we will look at all the clinical symptoms of mycosis of the foot, show their photos and move on to a description of methods for treating the disease. The manifestations of the disease are multifaceted. It can begin with cracking and roughening of the skin of the foot, the formation of diaper rash, blisters and corns. At first, a person does not attach importance to such changes, sinning due to insufficient foot care or vitamin deficiency. However, over time, the skin turns white, softens and begins to slide off the foot in flakes. With additional infection of the limb by bacteria, the blisters fester and transform into ulcers.

      The primary signs of the development of mycosis are considered to be barely noticeable peeling of the skin of the foot, and a change in shade and slight splitting of the nail. Most often there is no discomfort at first. An infected person ignores these changes and does not rush to visit a doctor. Attempts to get rid of mycelium using home remedies lead to under-treatment of the pathology, because fungi have many strains with varying degrees of resistance to one or another drug. As a result, the clinical picture is erased, and the doctor has to diagnose the fungus by scraping and referring the patient for tests.

      In order for the treatment of mycosis of the feet and nails to be as productive as possible, it is important not to make a mistake with the form of its course. Fungal disease has several types:

    20. Erased - characterized by weak peeling of the dermal layer due to its dryness and diaper rash between the fingers.
    21. Squamous - hyperkeratic - the so-called moccasin foot occurs in people over 60 years of age. Its symptoms are cracks and calluses, rough thick skin of the sole, modified nails, scaly tissue, pain when walking in closed shoes, and an unpleasant odor. The color of the skin of the foot changes from normal to a dirty gray shade mixed with yellowness.
    22. Vesicular, or wet - this form is characterized by blistering of the tissues, followed by opening and ulceration. The defective areas resemble lesions of psoriasis.
    23. For mycosis of the foot, specialists prescribe new generation antifungal drugs to patients. They heal the skin and nails gently, without causing significant harm to the liver. An important role in antimycotic treatment is given to the patient’s discipline, because the fight against mycelium is regular and long-term.

      Monotherapy for fungus involves the use of only a fungicidal agent. An integrated approach involves the patient undergoing several directions in one period of time. This includes attending hardware pedicure and laser therapy procedures, oral use of systemic medications, and the use of external treatments for the affected area.

      Of the local medications, Lamisil with terbinafine is considered the most effective. The active substance inhibits mold and yeast strains, suppresses dermatophytes and non-fungal viruses, which additionally infect the diseased limb.

      Terbinafine is found in many antibiotics:

      Medicines form a protective film on the treated surface, which lasts on the epidermis for about 70 hours. Manipulations using external agents are carried out 1–2 times a day for 2–4 weeks in a row. The further treatment plan is changing.

      In addition to terbinafine preparations, the patient may be prescribed creams and ointments for fungi containing other fungicidal components. These are Mikoseptin, Batrafen, Travogen, Mikozolon and Ekalin.

      To cure a fungus on the leg with cream or ointment, the limb must first be cleaned of keratinized tissue. To do this, use salicylic acid (wraps are made with it), take soap and soda baths and remove necrotic tissue, after smearing it with Vaseline.

      For vesicular mycosis, the affected areas are dried with boric acid, iodine, and brilliant green. And so that the proliferating agents do not provoke nail fungus, the plates are covered with therapeutic and prophylactic varnishes. Since the wet form of mycosis is considered complex, its treatment already includes corticosteroids (Pimafucort, Triderm, Mycozolon).

      As systemic therapy, patients are prescribed tablets and capsules, the components of which kill the fungus. These include Fluconazole Sandoz, Terbinafine, Irunin, Itraconazole, Griseofulvin and other antimycotics. But systemic drugs are quite toxic, and in case of liver dysfunction, lactation and pregnancy, as well as in childhood and old age, Fluconazole Sandoz and its analogs are not taken.

      Treatment with folk remedies

      The beginning of treatment for mycosis of the foot is always preceded by washing the feet with soap, although the patient will use folk remedies or medications. Then choose one or more recipes so that the daily fight against fungus is varied.

      A selection of the best folk remedies for foot fungus:

    24. The affected areas are regularly wiped with an alcohol solution of propolis (concentration 20–30%).
    25. A piece of propolis is heated in the palm of the hand and pasted over the phalanges of the fingers for nail fungus. The limb is bandaged and walked like this for a week. During this time, the mycelium is destroyed under the influence of the beekeeping product.
    26. Foot baths with a decoction of celandine are taken for half an hour. Prepare a herbal remedy from 4 tbsp. l. dry herbs and 6 glasses of water. Boil the ingredients for 5 minutes and drain the liquid from the grounds. During the day she needs to moisten the defective areas.
    27. Vinegar essence (25%) and fresh carrot juice are mixed in equal quantities, for example, 1 tbsp. l. The feet, steamed and treated with pumice, are wiped and lubricated with the prepared composition. Apply the drug daily using a cotton swab. During the treatment period, socks, stockings, and tights are washed in a hot soap-soda solution. If possible, items are steamed with an iron.
    28. Fungicidal ointment at home is made from three products - 1 raw chicken egg, 100 g butter, half a glass of vinegar (9%). The composition is put in the refrigerator for 5 days. As soon as the shell dissolves, the floating films are removed and oil is added. The feet are lubricated before going to bed at night to ensure that the ingredients work as long as possible. In the morning, rinse your feet.
    29. Foot infections affected by mycosis are treated with table salt. 1 tsp. the product is dissolved in 1 liter. boiling water and add garlic gruel to the cooled liquid (press 1 clove of garlic with a kitchen utensil). The mixture is passed through cheesecloth and squeezed. Sore legs are treated with it 2 times a day. The composition can be stored in the refrigerator for only 12 hours.
    30. According to the previous recipe, folk treatment for mycosis of the feet is carried out using glycerin and 70% vinegar. Sessions are held 3–4 times a week.
    31. Birch tar exhibits powerful antimicrobial properties in the treatment of fungal infections. The affected areas are simply lubricated with it without performing any other actions. But this product smells sharp and unpleasant.
    32. The following composition is suitable for rinsing and lotions. 3 parts of oak bark are combined with verbena officinalis, horsetail, blackberries and calendula flowers (take 2 parts each). 3 tbsp. l. collection is boiled in 1 liter. water for a quarter of an hour, after which it is filtered and used for therapeutic procedures.
    33. Boil a couple of tablespoons of crushed walnut leaves in 1 liter. water for 12 minutes, and leave for half an hour. The strained liquid is used for compresses and lotions.
    34. Garlic ointment is made from 1 head of garlic and 100 g of oil. Vegetable pulp is mixed with the second ingredient. When the drug hardens, the feet are lubricated with it daily until the disease recedes.
    35. Disease prevention

      Preventing the development of any disease is much easier than treating it.

      Prevention of mycosis of the feet and nails is diverse, it contains a number of important points:

    36. Strict adherence to personal hygiene rules (use only your own towels and washcloths when bathing).
    37. Protecting your feet from possible infection (when visiting public baths, shower pools and gyms, always wear rubber flip-flops brought from home).
    38. When getting dressed in the morning, take clean socks and tights (things become saturated with sweat, become moisturized and become an excellent breeding ground for mycelium; keep your feet clean and dry).
    39. Taking care of shoes (ventilate, dry and periodically disinfect closed models, since inside them an atmosphere fertile for fungi is also created).
    40. Strengthening the immune system (rational nutrition, taking multivitamins, giving up bad habits, frequent walks in nature contribute to the overall health of the body).

    If you consult a dermatologist or mycologist in a timely manner, the prognosis for treating foot fungus is always favorable. Take proper care of yourself and admire your beautiful, healthy legs!

    Symptoms and treatment of mycosis

    Mycosis is a general name for diseases that are caused by parasitic fungi. It is customary to distinguish between fungal infections of the skin and nails (dermatomycosis), hair, mucous membranes and mycosis of internal organs.

    The causative agents of the infection are filamentous fungi, which are transmitted either through contact with a sick person or through interaction with objects contaminated with fungal spores. Sometimes fungal diseases are provoked by saprophytic microflora, which manifests its pathogenic properties when the body’s immune forces deteriorate. The severity and nature of the disease depends on the mycotic organism with which the person was infected, as well as on the location of the lesion.

    It is customary to distinguish three types of superficial mycoses of the skin: dermatomycosis, keratomycosis and candidiasis. Deep fungal infections are opportunistic systemic mycosis and subcutaneous fungal infections such as sporotrichosis, mycetoma and chromoblastic mycosis.

    It is superficial mycotic skin infections that tend to become widespread and increase the number of patients. WHO indicates that every 5 inhabitants of the Earth have one or another fungal infection, with the leading position being occupied by fungus of the feet and large folds.

    Symptoms of mycosis are varied and depend on the type of infectious agent and the part of the body that is affected.

    Since the most common types of mycotic lesions are dermatomycosis, candidiasis and keratomycosis, it is worth dwelling on their clinical manifestations:

    With athlete's foot, peeling is observed, both pronounced and minor. It is accompanied by strong or mild itching. A rash may appear between the toes and on the sides of the foot, as well as the formation of blisters filled with liquid contents. In old age and in the presence of concomitant diseases, the addition of a bacterial infection is often observed.

    With inguinal athlete's foot, ring-shaped red rashes appear on the skin in the groin area. Sometimes small blisters appear in these places, which not only itch, but also hurt. The disease has frequent relapses and primarily affects men.

    With ringworm of the scalp, a red, itchy rash appears, which is accompanied by peeling. At the same time, hair may fall out in the affected areas.

    With onychomycosis, gradual deformation of the nail plate occurs with its subsequent atrophy if left untreated. Symptoms are: thickening of the nail, change in its color, separation, crumbling.

    If ringworm affects smooth skin, a pink or red rash appears on the infected areas. Sometimes the rash merges into spots that have a light area in the center.

    Versicolor or pityriasis versicolor is accompanied by the appearance of scaly spots of a pinkish-brown hue. The predominant location is the neck, chest, back and shoulders. As they grow, the lesions merge. As a result of the inability to transmit ultraviolet radiation, the spots stand out strongly against the background of healthy areas of the skin.

    With actinomycosis, the skin and tissues become infiltrated and dense to the touch. Granulation occurs along the edges of the infiltrate, which tends to grow peripherally.

    With erythrasma, light brown spots of a darker or lighter shade are formed mainly on the skin of large folds. The surface of the affected area is smooth, with tiny pityriasis-like scales visible on it.

    With candidiasis of the skin, patients may develop candidal patches - affected areas of skin in the corners of the mouth. A plaque forms on their surface, under which there is hyperemic and eroded skin.

    Skin candidiasis can also form in the folds of obese people, or in children if personal hygiene rules are not followed. The affected areas are red, covered with a white coating on top, possibly peripheral detachment of the epidermis. Superficial mycosis of the mucous membranes, skin, nail folds and nail plates are skin diseases.

    Candidiasis of the oral mucosa affects the tongue, inner surface of the cheeks, gums and palate. At the same time, they turn red, and multiple or single white plaques form on the surface of the oral mucosa, which, when fused, form films. The patient experiences burning and pain while eating.

    Vulvovaginal candidiasis is characterized by redness of the genital mucosa, the formation of blisters, which, after opening, leave erosions with a film on top. The woman is bothered by cheesy discharge, which increases the itching sensation.

    Candidiasis of internal organs is a serious disease that usually occurs against the background of other diseases. The most common candidiasis of the intestines, lungs, and genitourinary organs. Fungal sepsis cannot be ruled out.

    As for opportunistic mycoses, they do not affect healthy individuals and occur in patients with severe immunobiological disorders. These diseases include: blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidiodomycosis, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, mucorosis.

    Subcutaneous fungal infections such as sporotrichosis, mycetoma and chromomycosis affect the subcutaneous tissues and the epidermis itself. They are characterized by the formation of a painless pustule, papule or nodule that tends to grow rapidly. Subsequently, the formation ulcerates with the involvement of lymphatic vessels in the process.

    The most common cause of mycosis is infection with one or another fungal organism. However, the development of the disease is possible as a result of the growth of one’s own opportunistic flora, which always normally exists in the body, on the skin, in the mucous membranes, etc.

    The more provoking factors a person is exposed to, the higher the risk of developing a mycotic infection:

    Any immunodeficiency conditions. They can be triggered by HIV infection, taking medications (antibiotics, corticosteroids, cytostatics), irrational use of local antiseptics (any ointments, lozenges, sprays, etc.). As a result, the normal microflora is disrupted, which means the immune response of the skin, mucous membranes, and nails, and a fungal infection develops.

    Endocrine diseases, among which the greatest danger is diabetes. In addition to the risk of developing the disease, diabetes mellitus increases the risk of complications of a mycotic infection. In this regard, the following are also dangerous: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, adrenal tumors, obesity, thyroiditis, hypercortisolism.

    Hormonal disorders in the body, which can be caused by both illness and age-related changes.

    The age of the person. It is known that the risk of developing a fungal infection increases with age and is especially high after 60 years of age.

    Any microtrauma of the mucous membranes, skin. Any wound is an entry point for infection, including that of a mycotic nature. In this case, the location of the lesion will depend on the location of the injury, for example, injury to the ear with a cotton swab often leads to otomycosis, injury to the nail with manicure accessories - to onychomycosis.

    The presence of any untreated additional source of infection in the body. These could be carious teeth, chronic tonsillitis, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, blood, kidneys, lungs, etc. Any disease has a negative impact on the immune system and leads to an increased risk of fungal infection.

    Negative influence of environmental factors. These include excessive dust and air pollution, occupational hazards (for example, sauna and bathhouse workers are more at risk of onychomycosis and dermatophytosis of the feet, and asphalt layers and repairmen are at risk of pharyngomycosis), adherence to bad habits, living in climatic zones with high temperature and humidity.

    The presence of a person with a fungal infection in the family significantly increases the risk of intrafamily infection.

    Mycosis of the skin of the feet is one of the most common diseases of fungal etiology. It is found everywhere. Data provided by various scientists indicate that up to 70% of the world's population is familiar with this pathology. Speaking about mycosis of the feet, it should be understood that this term in most cases indicates damage by dermatomycete fungi to the sole of the lower limb and its interdigital spaces, although the disease can be provoked by mold and yeast-like fungi.

    It is customary to distinguish several forms of mycoses of the skin of the feet, including:

    Intertriginous (with predominant damage to the interdigital folds), which is accompanied by burning and itching, as well as cracks and erythema of the areas involved in the pathological process;

    Squamous-hyperkeratotic (with the development of erythema on the sole of the foot), which is accompanied by peeling, up to the appearance of deep cracks against the background of mild itching;

    Dyshidrotic, in which the rashes are painful, itchy, prone to coalescence and the formation of blisters, followed by the formation of erosions;

    Erased, in which the clinical manifestations of the disease are minimal.

    Mycosis of nails on toes and hands

    Mycotic lesions of the toenails and fingernails affect 30% of people over the age of 40. Moreover, the older a person gets, the higher the risk of developing an infection, and after 70 years, 50% of older people suffer from onychomycosis.

    There are three main clinical signs indicating the development of the disease:

    Change in color of the nail plate;

    Thickening of the nail plate;

    Crumpling and complete destruction of the nail.

    Most often, domestic dermatologists in their practice use four forms that characterize the development of the disease: distal-lateral, superficial white, proximal subungual and total dystrophic forms of damage to the nail plate.

    Diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections is the responsibility of dermatologists and mycologists. To make a diagnosis, laboratory tests will be required, the material for which is various substrates. These can be skin flakes, blood, feces, sputum, nails, hair. The resulting material is processed with special reagents and studied under a microscope.

    To determine the type of causative agent of a mycotic infection, cultural techniques are used, for which inseminated materials are placed in various nutrient media.

    To determine some types of dermatomycosis, special devices are used, for example, a Wood's lamp.

    At the same time, the doctor finds out the reason that led to the infection - blood is taken for HIV, sugar, to detect STDs, etc.

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    Modern medicine has a full range of effective means that can save a person from mycosis. These are drugs of both local and general action. The course of treatment should be selected exclusively by a doctor, based on the individual characteristics of the patient, the clinical manifestations of the pathology, the affected area - tissues, organs, mucous membranes, etc.

    It is important to consider the following criteria:

    The size of the area of ​​the affected area;

    Duration of the disease over time;

    The nature of the pathological changes caused by the disease;

    Presence of concomitant pathology.

    Modern drugs can not only effectively and quickly stop the progression of the disease, but also destroy the mycotic microorganism itself. Medicines tend to accumulate and remain in tissues for a long time. This significantly shortens the therapeutic course.

    In addition, pulse therapy is popular, when complete recovery occurs in 4 months (this applies to nail fungus). However, treatment should be comprehensive with the use of local drugs and oral tablets.

    It is important to take into account that both systemic and local antimycotics are not harmless drugs. They have many contraindications and side effects. To minimize the risk of their occurrence, it is necessary to monitor the effect of therapy and take it according to a certain scheme. Self-diagnosis of the disease and self-prescription of medications often leads to the development of resistance to fungal agents and to the lack of effect of therapy. Therefore, to prevent the progression of the disease, you should seek professional help.

    Treatment of mycosis with laser

    You can get rid of mycosis of the nails using laser therapy. The essence of the procedure is that infrared laser radiation penetrates deep into the nail plate and heats the fungal spores. The depth of penetration of the beam is 7 mm, it is at this distance that mycotic spores lie.

    As for the duration of exposure, it depends on the number of affected nail plates and on the type of device used for treatment. The break between procedures should be from one week to 30 days, the number of treatments can vary from 3 to 10. As a rule, the effect of such therapy can be seen the first time, but treatment should continue until the diseased nail plate is completely gone .

    This painless and short-term procedure helps destroy nail fungus and pathogenic bacteria. There is no need for a rehabilitation period, and the laser treatment procedure does not produce side effects. However, the risk of relapse of the disease cannot be excluded, so it is advisable to combine the use of laser therapy and medication. As an independent method, laser treatment is prescribed only if there are serious contraindications to systemic or local therapy.

    Antifungal nail polish

    When the mycotic lesion was diagnosed in time and did not cause serious complications or deformations, local therapy can be used to treat the disease. In this case, the doctor may recommend applying a varnish or solution that has antifungal activity to the nail.

    Mikozan nail serum comes with nail files for removing damaged nails. The price for such a drug varies from 530 to 600 rubles.

    Batrafen varnish, which can cost up to 1,600 rubles. This varnish must be applied according to the correct pattern: the first 30 days - every 1 day, the next 30 days - 2 times every 7 days, the third 30 days - 1 time every 7 days. Once a week, Batrafen is applied until the diseased nail is completely gone.

    Lac Loceryl, which promotes the destruction of the cell membrane of a mycotic microorganism. The course of therapy can vary from six months to a year. In this case, the product must be applied to the affected nail at least 2 times every 7 days. The price of Lotseryl can reach 2200 rubles.

    Oflomil varnish, the cost of which is 800 rubles.

    Cyclopiroxolamine varnish costs up to 1,400 rubles.

    Therapy using varnishes cannot be short-term and does not allow a break in treatment. To improve the aesthetic appearance of your nails, you can apply manicure varnish over the antimycotic varnish.

    Remedies for removing nails affected by mycosis

    There are products on sale that allow you to painlessly get rid of a nail plate affected by fungal microorganisms. For example, the drug Nogtevit. With its help, you can avoid surgical removal of the nail. The price for Nogtevit is low and averages 120 rubles.

    The product contains propylene glycol, stearic acid, triethanolamine, urea and tea tree oil. Thanks to these components, it is possible to remove damaged nails, prevent infection and grow a healthy nail plate.

    Before applying Nogtevit, nails should be thoroughly steamed in water and soda. For 1 liter of liquid, one teaspoon of soda and liquid soap is sufficient. After that, the feet are dried and the area around the nail is fixed with an adhesive plaster. Nogtevit is applied to the nail plate itself, but it is important to ensure that healthy tissue is not captured. After application, the plaster covers both the nail itself and the phalanx of the finger. After 4 days, the patch is removed, the nail is steamed again and removed using pedicure accessories. If it was not possible to completely scrape off the stratum corneum, the procedure must be performed again.

    You can also use the drug Nogticymin, which is similar in effectiveness. Its average price is 120 rubles.

    Antifungal tablets

    When the course of the disease is rapid, as well as in advanced forms of the disease, therapy should be carried out using systemic antimycotic drugs. The choice of tablets is quite wide; only a doctor can choose the optimal drug.

    The most popular antimycotic drugs for oral administration are:

    Fungus on the skin of the body. Treatment of mycosis and its symptoms.

    Why are pharmacies silent? The fungus will go away in a day, because it is afraid of fire.

    Skin fungus (mycosis) is a dermatological disease caused by parasitic fungi. The affected areas are difficult to treat. Mycosis of the skin has many varieties. This is due to the large number of pathogens.

    How does fungal infection occur?

    Wet rooms are the optimal environment for the growth and reproduction of fungi. Infection occurs through household means.

  • Through hygiene supplies : towels, shoes, manicure tools, comb, bed linen.
  • In public places with high humidity : baths, saunas, swimming pools, water parks, on the beach. Children often pick up fungus in the sandbox.
  • The fungus lives in houses and apartments with high levels of humidity. Mycosis pathogens multiply quickly in such an environment. The infection is easily transmitted to family members through shared use of hygiene products.

    It has long been a well-established opinion that it is very difficult to get rid of FUNGUS. To feel relief, you need to continuously buy expensive pharmaceuticals. The chief military doctor tells whether this is really so.

    The carrier of a fungal infection may not be aware of the infection until obvious signs appear on the body. The incubation period for the disease is long. The pathogen is activated when the immune system is weakened. When defense reactions are reduced, the fungus easily penetrates the epidermis layer . As a result, characteristic spots appear on the skin.

    Factors that provoke activation of infection:

  • allergy;
  • skin damage;
  • starvation diet;
  • metabolic disease;
  • excessive mental and physical stress;
  • lack of vitamins;
  • lack of hygiene;
  • diseases of the nervous system;
  • stress;
  • infection with parasitic worms;
  • excessive sweating;
  • nail plate injuries;
  • synthetic fabrics and shoes;
  • unsanitary conditions;
  • bad ecology;
  • cancerous tumors;
  • antibiotic treatment.
  • In newborns, fungal infection manifests itself in the form of thrush . Infection occurs from the mother during breastfeeding with signs of infection. The fungus is transmitted through water if bathing is shared. Older children contract pityriasis versicolor (a type of mycosis) through contact with a sick animal.

    In children over 5 years of age, fungal plaque is associated with a weakening of the body caused by dysbacteriosis and increased skin vulnerability.

    Types of fungal diseases

    Alexander Leonidovich Myasnikov: “To get rid of nail fungus forever, lubricate it generously. »

    There are many infectious agents. Some species only affect people, while others affect animals. A person becomes infected with some pathogens only through contact with an animal.

    The main groups of fungi are shown in the table.

    In many countries, mycosis is classified according to the areas of the body where the skin rash appears. The type of disease is herpes zoster.

    This type of classification does not cover the causes and origin of dermatophytosis; therefore, other characteristics of skin lesions are taken into account when treating.

    Common diseases caused by fungus:

    Even a “neglected” fungus can be cured at home. Just remember to apply once a day.

    The causative agent of the infection is red trichophyton (Trichophyton rubrum). The name of the fungus reflects the peculiarity of red pigmentation when growing on Sabouraud's nutrient medium.

    Mycoses during infection with rubrophytosis affect:

  • feet;
  • areas between the fingers on the limbs;
  • large folds on the body - under the knees, in the groin.
  • In rare cases, ulcerations appear on the face and scalp. The disease is transmitted through the personal belongings of the carrier. Most often, the fungus appears on the feet - in 60-90% of cases. Trichophyton lives on damp surfaces. If you walk in the sauna without slippers, it is easy to get an infection. Carriers of the infection are 20% of the world's population.

    nail rubrophytosis photo

    The initial stage of rubrophytosis is manifested by an erythematosquamous form of the disease. What does the affected area look like? Rubrophytosis manifests itself in the form of a dry rash, peeling, and itchy nodules. The skin turns red and becomes dense.

    Furrows appear at the sites of the lesion , and skin patterns are pronounced. First, the fungus affects the interdigital folds. Then moves to the soles of the feet. Visual signs are accompanied by severe itching.

    If you ignore the signs, the erythematosquamous form of rubrophytosis passes into the follicular-nodular stage. Itchy nodules become wet and crusty. This form is more common in children.

    In severe cases, generalized rubromycosis occurs . The disease is characterized by the spread of foci of infection to different parts of the body. The reason is chronic pathologies of the immune system, taking antibiotics. The affected areas grow from the center to the periphery. They are outlined by an intermittent ridge.

    This feature distinguishes generalized rubromycosis from other skin diseases.

    The causative agent of the infection is a fungus of the genus Microsporum. Infection occurs through contact with sick cats and dogs. Microsporia is rarely transmitted from person to person.

    Fungi can live in skin scales and hair for up to 10 years. Children are at risk because they come into contact with stray animals more often. In most cases, the lesions are located in the scalp.

    The affected areas are round or oval in shape. Along the edges they are outlined by an inflamed strip with blisters and crusts. The surface of the lesion has signs of peeling.

    Features of skin lesions:

  • most often the focus is single;
  • spot diameter no more than 2 cm;
  • several lesions can merge into one.
  • Infection is caused by a group of fungi – Trichophyton. Another name for the disease is ringworm .

    A surge in infection occurs in the fall in rural areas, when field work takes place. The source of infection is hay and straw.

    The fungus is activated on exposed areas of the body. In advanced cases, lesions appear on the buttocks and knees. The disease is easily transmitted from a carrier of the fungus to a healthy person.

    How to recognize trichophytosis?

  • round shape of the spot;
  • when the scalp is affected, hair falls out intensively, black spots with plaque appear;
  • bright red rash;
  • large size of the lesion;
  • outline in the form of a towering strip;
  • In some places there are signs of peeling and small nodules.
  • Fungal infection occurs in 3 stages:

  • superficial form - small spots with a clear outline;
  • suppurative form - the appearance of blisters with purulent fluid;
  • chronic trichophytosis is an advanced form, a rash appears all over the body.
  • The disease occurs in young and middle-aged people. The causative agent of the infection is the fungus Pityrosporum. Fungi live on smooth skin and head. The main reason for the activation of the fungus is a change in the composition of sweat and increased sweating.

    The chemical characteristics of the secreted substance change during diseases:

    The spots are localized in the abdomen and chest. Less commonly, the fungus affects the groin area, arms, legs, and head.

    What is pityriasis versicolor (lichen versicolor)? How to distinguish it from other types of mycosis?

  • Pink spots with a slight degree of dryness and flaking.
  • As the lesions heal, they change color. First to a light brown shade, then to a dark brown color.
  • The lesions may merge into one spot.
  • Irregular shape of spots.
  • The color of the spots depends on the presence of a tan. On dark skin the rash is darker than on light skin.
  • Itching of the affected areas is practically absent.
  • White spots appear when exposed to ultraviolet light.
  • Tinea versicolor is not transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person.

    The scalp is affected by a yeast-like fungus Pityrosporum ovale. The body is parasitized by the fungus Pityrosporum orbiculare. Activation occurs in places where sebum accumulates due to excessive work of the sebaceous glands.

    Fungal reproduction is caused by:

    • hormonal imbalance;
    • autoimmune diseases;
    • neurogenic factors.
    • Sometimes foci of infection are localized at the border between the growth of eyebrows and eyelashes. As a result, the vegetation thins and breaks down. In some cases, the fungus is activated in the nasolabial folds, behind the ears.

    • inflamed spots;
    • slight peeling;
    • moderate or intense itching.
    • to contents ^

      Fungal skin diseases - video

      Fungal diseases are similar in symptoms and signs. But each of them requires a special approach. The therapy is complex.

      Depending on the type of fungus and the extent of the spread of spots on the body, treatment with drugs and procedures is prescribed.

    • Local ointments and creams.
    • Systemic drugs in the form of capsules, tablets. The active ingredients of these drugs are: Clotrimazole, Ketoconazole, Fluconazole. These drugs destroy the fungus, block growth and reproduction.
    • Hormonal agents. Hormones of the adrenal cortex have an anti-inflammatory effect. Anti-itching cream and ointment with a mild hormonal effect are prescribed.
    • Antibacterial drugs.
    • Antihistamines.
    • Preparations to strengthen the immune system. Restoring the body's protective functions is an important stage of therapy.
    • Physiotherapy – exposure to electric current, magnets.
    • Fungal ointment blocks pathogen spores at the initial stage of infection. In advanced cases, additional medications are prescribed. At the initial stage of the disease, it is enough to use ointment or cream. The products are used 1-2 times a day.

      1. Ifenek is a drug for fungus on the body. The product has antiseptic properties and eliminates the cause of the disease.
      2. Mikoseptin is an antifungal agent with a mild effect.
      3. Exifin . The ointment is suitable for the treatment of mycoses on the head and neck.
      4. Tinedol . a fungal remedy that works very well against fungus.
      5. How to treat fungus in the workplace? To continue treatment outside the home, use aerosols and sprays against fungus. This form of the product allows you to continue treatment in any conditions and quickly relieve itching.

        The use of antifungal tablets is the most effective measure in treatment . They block the spread of infection throughout the body.

        Tablets help cure mycosis in combination with other measures:

      6. Lamisil . The course of admission is from 2 months. Lamisil can be used to treat children over 2 years of age.
      7. Nizoral . The drug destroys almost all types of fungus.
      8. Terbinafine . Tablets are used to treat microsporia and trichophytosis. Terbinafine is prescribed for extensive skin lesions on the chest, back, and abdomen.
      9. Fluconazole . The drug is prescribed for the treatment of all types of lichen and nail mycosis.
      10. With mycosis of the skin, a bacterial infection is often associated. In acute forms of diseases, medicinal solutions are used to relieve inflammation and eliminate weeping lesions. Clotrimazole and Castellani have drying properties.

        Types of anti-inflammatory drugs:

        They are used to disinfect affected areas.

        Folk remedies for skin fungus

        Alternative medicine aims to relieve the symptoms of mycosis. It is impossible to eliminate the cause of the fungus using folk remedies. To treat mycosis, along with drug treatment, recipes from improvised means are used.

      11. Garlic . Cream is prepared from it. To do this, chop the garlic and mix it with butter, keeping the proportions 1:1. The prepared mixture is used to treat the lesions.
      12. Soda baths . Do you add water to the basin? a glass of soda. The duration of the procedure is 15 minutes. The recipe is suitable if the affected area is the feet or hands.
      13. Onion . Areas with signs of fungus are smeared with root juice several times a day.
      14. Folk remedies are used after consultation with the attending physician.

        Folk remedies for treating skin fungus - video

        In treating fungus, it is extremely important to take medications regularly. Therapy takes from 5 to 8 months, because... getting rid of the infection is difficult. To avoid relapses, the drugs are taken for some time after the symptoms of the fungus disappear.

        Now a little about the secrets of fighting fungus

        If you are reading these lines, we can conclude that all your attempts to combat the fungus have not been successful...

        Have you even read anything about medicines designed to defeat the infection? And this is not surprising, because the fungus is very dangerous for humans.

      15. You try not to leave the house in open shoes...
      16. And taking off your shoes in front of people is out of the question...
      17. Since the appearance of your nails does not add confidence to you...
      18. And for some reason the well-known advertised anti-fungal remedies are ineffective in your case...
      19. And you have experienced everything: creams, ointments, gels, cauterization with iodine...
      20. Therefore, now we are ready to take advantage of any opportunity that will help you.
      21. Surely you know this firsthand. But is it possible to defeat the infection without harming yourself? Read the article about effective, modern ways to effectively combat fungus. Read the article...

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