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Treatment of bowed legs in children

31 Mar 18

Curvature of the legs in children

The first smile, the first tooth, the first word, the baby’s first steps - all these moments are the happiest and most memorable for parents. But there are times when the little one, stomping towards his parents, hobbles, and his legs are far from the model parameters. Of course, such a gait alarms and worries moms and dads. After all, the first thing that begins to worry parents at this moment is: will their child remain bow-legged, and who should they turn to for help if the child’s legs are noticeably bowed?

Types of leg curvature in children

Before discussing how to eliminate curvature of a baby’s legs, let’s understand what types of abnormal gait there are.

Experts distinguish two main species, which can be called “butterflies” and “club-toed bears.”

In the first case, valgus deformity of the lower extremities occurs, which is also called “X-shaped” curvature of the legs in children. Most often, a bilateral anomaly occurs when the middle of the lower leg moves inward and in appearance the children's legs resemble the letter “X” or, as we have already mentioned, a “butterfly”. Such valgus curvature usually leads to the development of flat feet.

When the baby’s knees are deviated to the sides, and there is a distance between them, then this is an “O-shaped” (varus) curvature of the legs. This type of pathology disrupts the normal development of the knee joint, resulting in spraining of its ligaments. In this case, other joints are also deformed: the hip and ankle. Severe curvature can cause the femurs to turn outward and the shins to turn inward. With such a deformation, it is difficult for the child to fully straighten his knees, and he develops clubfoot, so when walking he seems to waddle from side to side, while resembling a clubfooted bear.

Curvature of the legs in a child: causes

The causes of “X-shaped” deformity of the legs can be both heredity and congenital pathologies. Most often, the anomaly indicates improper formation of the skeletal system against the background of diseases such as:

The first signs of curvature can be noticed in the first two years of a baby’s life. First, the development of the knee joint is disrupted, then the feet are deformed. Over time, as the child grows up, all the disorders are accompanied by curvature of the spine - scoliosis. The anomaly not only changes the baby’s gait, but also brings pain and discomfort.

The main reasons for the “O-shaped” curvature are rickets or the parents’ desire to put the baby on his feet as soon as possible, which cannot be done, especially if the child is large. Under the weight of one’s own body, which is not comparable to the capabilities of the joints and bones of a one-year-old child, deformation of the lower extremities occurs, allowing the load to be redistributed.

Curvature of legs in children: treatment

Therapy for curvature of the lower extremities is a long and difficult process, requiring a lot of patience, both from parents and the child himself. The faster moms and dads react to the baby’s abnormal gait, the faster it will be possible to begin treatment and eliminate the problem. Otherwise, over time, the child’s gait will change so much that it will be quite difficult for the baby to withstand long walks, and his falls will become much more frequent.

Firstly, parents need to constantly ensure that the child moves more and walks with his legs widely spaced. But don't forget about rest. Orthopedic shoes and special insoles also play an important role in eliminating the problem. However, they should be purchased only after consultation with an orthopedic doctor. Massage manipulations and special exercises help eliminate abnormal gait.

If we talk about professional massage, then the baby needs to undergo up to 20 procedures at least four times a year. But the treatment process can also be speeded up by parents performing the massage themselves. The procedure at home should be performed twice a day, preferably in the morning and after an afternoon nap.

Place the child on his back, start the session with a light massage of the big toe, then move to the inner edge of the foot and the inner surface of the shin, gradually moving up to the knee. You need to allocate at least five minutes for each leg.

When performing manipulations, parents need to adhere to the following cycle:

  • stroking (initial and final stage of massage);
  • kneading;
  • trituration;
  • sawing movements;
  • chopping movements.
  • Such massage activities are recommended to be performed every day.

    One of the mandatory methods for correcting deformities of the lower extremities is therapeutic exercises. For each specific case, the specialist selects a special set of exercises. However, there are also trainings that help with any type of curvature.

    First, walk with your baby on tiptoes, and after a few minutes - on his heels. You can also “stomp” on the outside of your feet (preferably for as long as possible). But experts do not recommend walking on the inside.

    Another exercise will bring a lot of pleasure to the baby. Scatter colored pencils or pebbles on the floor, sit the baby on a high chair (so that his legs reach the floor) and ask him to use his toes to collect the scattered objects, for example, in a box. This exercise can be made a little more complicated. Ask the child to use the toes of his right foot to pick up an object from the floor and put it in his left hand, and then vice versa: with his left foot - into his right hand.

    Such exercise games will help correct the deformity and give your baby wonderful emotions.

    How to correct bowed legs in a child under one year old

    Crooked legs in a newborn baby are normal. The fact is that it was quite crowded in the mother’s womb, and the child’s body was placed there compactly. There is no need to worry about this, as over time the legs will acquire the correct shape. Also, deformation of the lower extremities can be observed until the baby’s musculoskeletal system adapts to new conditions.

    But it is not uncommon for a child under one year of age to develop abnormal curvature of the legs, which can lead to the above-mentioned problems. In any case, when the first signs appear, parents should consult a pediatrician or orthopedic doctor. Basically, to eliminate the problem, doctors prescribe massage, physical therapy, physiotherapy, and taking vitamins (in particular vitamin D).

    To correct leg deformities in a one-year-old child, experts advise parents to follow the following recommendations:

    Also, mothers and fathers should not rush things and put the child on his feet or in a walker ahead of time, especially if the child is heavy. Such actions can negatively affect the condition of children's legs.

    X-shaped legs in children

    X-shaped legs (valgus curvature of the legs) in children is an acquired pathology of the kneecaps. With it, the straightened legs do not form a straight line, but seem to diverge to the sides below the knee. From the side, the silhouette resembles the letter “X”, hence the name.

    It is no coincidence that we called valgus curvature “acquired.” It is incorrect to believe that this is a hereditary pathology inherited by a child from one of the parents. It develops after birth, and the main reasons are insufficient attention from parents and untimely treatment.

    Cause of X-shaped curvature of legs

    In the vast majority of cases, valgus curvature (from the Latin valgus - curve) is a consequence of a lack of calcium in the body - rickets. Once an extremely common childhood illness, it is uncommon today. Children born in autumn and winter are at risk.

    Rickets is expressed in insufficient strength of bone tissue, its loosening. This is absolutely unnoticeable until the child begins to stand on his feet. But as soon as this happens, coupled with muscle weakness, all the pressure of the body weight is concentrated on the knee joint, which cannot withstand the load.

    Prevention and treatment of X-shaped curvature of the legs

    X-shaped legs in a child must be treated, and the sooner the better. And this must be done on the recommendation of a pediatrician. The pathology can be cured if the child is no more than 9-10 years old. The most widely practiced methods of dealing with hallux valgus are as follows:

  • massage – done exclusively by specialists; The course is not limited in duration; there must be at least four massage sessions per year;
  • electrical stimulation - this treatment with current pulses is practiced when, in addition to curvature of the legs, deformation of the feet is also diagnosed;
  • gymnastics - squats with a ball sandwiched between the knees; leg raises while lying on your side; frequent sitting in the “lotus position”; gymnastics is done at home and as often as possible;
  • orthopedic shoes are a method of prevention after curing a curvature; The shoes are made individually, have a solid heel, and an insole that follows the shape of the foot.
  • But the most effective means of treating and preventing X-shaped curvature of the legs in children is considered to be physical activity. The child needs to walk, swim, and climb as much as possible. The presence of a wall bars at home is also very welcome.

    It should be taken seriously; the curvature itself will not go away over time, but will only take root. And in adult life it can become a serious problem - the inability to wear tight pants, leggings, jeans, constant calluses from rubbing with shoes, frequent pain in the knee joints, a tendency to twist the legs.

    X-shaped legs (valgus curvature of the legs) in children should be dealt with from a very early age, preferably no later than 2 years. The reason for their appearance may be not only rickets, but also the child’s too early introduction to walkers.

    X-shaped legs in children treatment

    The main causes of X-shaped curvature of the legs in children are:

  • excess weight;
  • rickets;
  • congenital dysplasia of the hip joints or their dislocation during childbirth;
  • kidney disease;
  • weakness of the muscular-ligamentous system of the lower extremities, especially with excessive stress on the legs, for example, when parents put the baby on his feet very early.
  • How to correct X-shaped legs in a child?

    If parents suspect hallux valgus in their baby, they should visit a pediatric orthopedist. The specialist will determine the degree of curvature and prescribe appropriate treatment. If necessary, the doctor will give a referral for an x-ray examination.

    For X-shaped legs, treatment should be comprehensive. First of all, manual therapy is indicated. It is necessary to undergo a massage course until complete recovery 4 times a year. A massage is performed on the limbs, back, lower back, and buttocks.

    Exercises for x-shaped legs

    • It is useful to teach a child to walk like a “bear” on the outside of his legs;
    • teach your child to squat with a ball or soft toy clutched in his knees, perform 2-3 sets of 15 squats;
    • let the child sit on the floor on his knees, spread them as wide as possible and lean forward, stretching his arms as far as possible (you can offer to reach for a toy), perform 2-3 approaches 10 times;
    • Exercises with raising a straight leg as high as possible from a position lying on your side are useful; perform 2-3 sets of 10 lifts with each leg;
    • Let the child stand with his legs crossed at the ankles and slowly sit down on the floor in a Turkish style; if that doesn’t work, you can hold him by the hands and repeat the exercise 10 times.
    • If the child is too young to perform these exercises, try to turn them into a game, do them yourself and let the child repeat after you.

      To monitor the dynamics of the disease, you should visit the orthopedist's office every three months.

      X-legs of a child

      As soon as the baby begins to walk, parents should pay attention to his posture and gait, since it is at this time that the prevention of scoliosis and flat feet should begin. Often, young children walk with their knees together, which should not be too worrying, but if after a few months the gait has not improved, then it is simply necessary to visit a doctor.

      How to independently determine the curvature of a child’s legs

      The baby should be placed upright and asked to join his legs together. If the knees come together, and the legs diverge towards the bottom - there are 5 cm or more between the ankles, then we can judge the presence of hallux valgus. The problem can be corrected, but parents will need to be closely involved in treatment.

      Causes of X-shaped leg deformity

      Listed below are the main causes of hallux valgus, or, simply put, why Rebekah has X-shaped legs.

    • Rickets is a deficiency of vitamin D, which causes disturbances in the growth and development of bones, followed by their curvature. Often, calcium enters the body in the required amount, but is not completely absorbed without the influence of vitamin D. Then the bones begin to soften, and the muscular system weakens.
    • Excess weight is an additional burden on a fragile musculoskeletal system.
    • Insufficient development of the femoral head or its dislocation, which happens during childbirth.
    • Early standing on legs and walking with holding hands, when the child is not yet ready to take the first steps on his own.
    • Genetic predisposition is the hereditary shape of the legs.
    • Frequently placing the baby in jumpers or walkers for long periods of time.
    • Incorrectly selected shoes, which results in a certain gait and crooked legs. For a child, starting from the 1st year of life, it is necessary to purchase new (but not wear after his siblings) shoes with an elastic hard back, a wide small heel and the right size.
    • Smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages during pregnancy provokes not only joint dysplasia, but also other pathologies.
    • In addition to a not very aesthetic gait, an X-shaped curvature of the legs provokes problems with the spine, as well as pain in the limbs, fatigue, lack of mobility, pathological changes in the joints, and flat feet.

      It is not necessary that both legs of a child will be X-shaped; only one limb may be deformed, then the body deviates from the vertical position to the side and the baby develops scoliosis.

      Treatment methods for hallux valgus deformity

      The main question that parents ask if their child has X-footed legs is how to correct this condition. In addition to visiting an orthopedic doctor (or while you choose a time for this visit), you can use the following methods:

    • Taking vitamin D. It is advisable to start giving it to the child in the first year of life, which will prevent rickets.
    • Purchasing orthopedic shoes that will firmly hold the foot in the correct position and will not lead to the formation of X-shaped legs.
    • Massage – course once every three months. The specialist massages not only the child’s legs, but also the gluteal and back muscles, which strengthens the entire musculoskeletal system. It is advisable that parents also master massage techniques and perform it at home.
    • Physiotherapy. Electrical stimulation is an effect on the leg muscles through long pulses of electric current. The procedure helps improve blood circulation, stimulates muscle function and motor activity.
    • Staying in the sun. The sun's rays supply vitamin D to the child's body.
    • Exercise therapy – exercises are useful for every child.

      Exercises to correct X-shaped legs in a 2-3 year old child

    • Walking barefoot on small pebbles, soft shells, sand, ribbed surfaces. Parents should teach the baby at least on the outer edge of the foot, which will be fun and useful to do with him.
    • Sitting in a Turkish position. This simple exercise corrects leg curvature well and without any strain. You need to sit on a flat surface, put the soles of your feet together, and place your knees in different directions. A child in this position can watch cartoons, listen to fairy tales, and play.
    • Walking on a rope. You need to lay a rough rope along the floor and offer to play circus acrobats, that is, walk on it, which will force the baby to place his feet flat on the floor.
    • The bear is clubfooted. Walking like a bear, “rolling” your feet inward, is a funny game for children and entertainment for parents – benefits for everyone.
    • Squats, alternately leaning on your full foot and then on your toes.
    • A small child is active on his own, so parents only need to encourage him to play outdoor games with friends, jump and run.

      • For home use, you should purchase a sports corner with a rope, wall bars, parallel bars, etc., as well as a large ball.
      • Riding a bicycle will provide the necessary load to the ligaments, which will gradually straighten out the curvature of the legs.
      • Swimming pool - at least three times a week. The instructor must teach the child to swim like a frog.

      Balanced diet:

    • Dairy products of various types, eggs (yolk in particular), fish will help saturate the body with calcium.
    • Nuts, lean meat, sea fish, milk, legumes - contain a lot of phosphorus, which is also found in the bone structure.
    • It is advisable that the above products be regularly, and not occasionally, present on the child’s menu.
    • If a child's legs are X-shaped at 3 years old

      If a child’s hallux valgus deformity does not improve by the age of three, despite active treatment, then plaster bandages are applied, which will help:

    • stretch the lateral ligaments of the knee joints;
    • straighten your legs and reduce pressure on bone tissue;
    • minimize pressure on the tibia and femur bones, which will allow the knee to form correctly.
    • Wearing a cast can last for a long time, possibly even several years, depending on the degree of curvature.

      If you do not treat hallux valgus while the child is small, then after 10 years it will be difficult to correct the situation, but it is possible. In severe cases, surgical intervention is prescribed.

      Prevention of X-shaped curvature of a child’s legs begins in the womb, which is why proper nutrition and long walks in the fresh air are so important during pregnancy. In addition, breastfeeding is desirable for children under one year old, but only if the woman is well-nourished.

      Treatment and prevention of X-shaped legs in children

      Legs in a wheel shape (letter O) or X-shaped (valgus curvature) are a normal condition for children under 3 years of age. A child makes many more varied movements and steps than an adult. And for a fragile and flexible skeleton this is a big load. After three years, crooked legs usually straighten out. If children have wheel legs or an X-shaped curvature that does not disappear, treatment must be started.

      There can be several reasons for curvature of the legs. A newborn baby has crooked legs. This is an absolutely normal phenomenon, since he was in a fairly compact position in the womb. Most often, children under one year of age have legs with the letter “O” (wheel). After one year the child begins to walk. And since up to 3 years of age the child’s skeleton is still very elastic, the shape of the legs may begin to change to an X-shape.

      Causes of curvature of legs in children

      The main cause of crooked legs may be excess weight. Overfed children move less, crawl less and often skip the “crawling” stage. Such children try to immediately stand on their feet, which is a huge burden for the baby’s untrained legs. The imperfect ligamentous-muscular system also fails to cope with its function and the legs begin to bend.

      The reasons that influence the occurrence of X-shaped curvature include gender. Girls have a wider pelvis and shorter hip bones than boys. This can cause an X-shaped curvature.

      Serious reasons why children under 3 years of age may have crooked legs are diseases that disrupt the metabolism and absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the body. For example, kidney disease. Because of them, the elements necessary for the formation of the skeleton are not retained in the body.

      Rickets is a fairly common disease that causes bowed legs. Rickets occurs due to a persistent lack of vitamin D in the body. Calcium is absorbed only together with this vitamin. The lack of calcium can lead to the fact that the skeletal system does not develop; bones are plastic and easily deformed. Sunlight can provide the most vitamin D. Most often, rickets affects children born in the autumn-winter period. Sometimes they are prescribed a course of vitamins to compensate for the deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency can also occur due to a poor diet and dysbiosis, which disrupts the absorption of vitamins.

      Signs of rickets in children

      Incorrect shoes cause children to walk incorrectly and, as a result, develop problems with the musculoskeletal system and crooked legs. The issue of choosing shoes must be approached very carefully, starting from the first year of life. Shoes should have a rigid but elastic heel; a small wide heel is considered most suitable for shaping the foot.

      Hip dysplasia is a congenital defect. It occurs due to the fact that the mother did not have enough vitamins during pregnancy. Alcohol and smoking are also the main factors that can provoke various pathologies, including dysplasia.

      Heredity can also be another reason why children may have bow legs. Perhaps parents or relatives had the same limb structure

      Crooked legs in children over one year of age are a serious reason to consult a pediatrician. Get regular check-ups with doctors and bring any particular problem to the doctor’s attention.

      Symptoms of X-shaped legs

      The X-shaped curvature is visible visually. At home, you can find out for yourself whether it is time to sound the alarm. Place the child upright with his legs together. If he is no more than 4 years old, and the distance between the feet is more than 4–5 cm, then this indicates the presence of deformity.

      In addition to external manifestations, the child may also complain of pain in the legs. He gets tired quickly and is less mobile than other children. Of course, his inactivity may also be associated with characteristics of temperament and character. But this can also be an additional signal that the problem needs to be addressed.

      The unaesthetic nature of the disease is not the worst problem. What is dangerous is what can entail such a curvature. Displacement of the support from the correct axis can lead to various pathological changes in the joints of the lower extremities and even to curvature of the spine. In addition, flat feet develop, which puts additional stress on the joints and can cause pain in the legs.

      An X-shaped curvature is not necessarily symmetrical. Only one limb can be deformed. In this case, the body may deviate from the vertical axis, which is fraught with consequences such as scoliosis.

      Prevention in children

      X-shaped curvature of the legs is not only a cosmetic defect, but also a serious problem that needs treatment. X-shaped curvature in children is treated using a set of special methods.

    • Prevention of rickets begins when the child is in the womb. The expectant mother needs vitamin complexes, a balanced and varied diet, as well as daily walks in the fresh air.
    • Breastfeeding is mandatory for children under one year of age. At this time, the mother is also obliged to especially monitor her diet. Walking outside should be at least 2 hours. Sunbathing, gymnastics and hardening are mandatory for children.
    • Doctors strongly do not recommend that parents force their child to sit and walk. Encourage crawling. Before one year of age, a child usually begins to take his first steps. But it is better that children begin to take an upright position later. This will make your legs stronger and your back more straight.
    • Do not overuse walkers. Children under one year of age should not stay in them for a long time. Children's legs do not feel support; the child only randomly moves them to move forward. This does not contribute to the development of the muscular-ligamentous apparatus. It is better if the child uses the walker as a support and pushes it forward independently.
    • The fact that diapers can cause crooked legs is nothing more than a myth. Pediatricians around the world recommend swaddling the baby loosely during the first year, so that the legs lie turned out to the sides. Tight swaddling is also completely out of date, since it has been proven to be ineffective for creating straight legs in children.

      Treatment of X-shaped legs

      You can correct crooked legs with massage. Treatment must be carried out in courses (20 procedures each) at least 4 times a year. The doctor massages not only the lower extremities, but also massages the buttocks and back. Massage can be done from the first years of life.

      You can also massage yourself at home. With an X-shaped curvature, the muscles of the outer thigh need to be relaxed, and the inner ones need to be strengthened. The massage is carried out with light stroking movements and begins with rubbing the foot and toes. Then move higher towards the knee.

      Do gymnastics with your baby every day. This is necessary to strengthen the muscles and will also help straighten crooked legs. Do the exercises together and set an example for your child. Exercises designed to straighten crooked legs can be as follows.

      Treatment of bowed legs in children

      X-shaped or valgus curvature of the legs is a deformation of the knee joints when, with straightened and tightly compressed knees, the distance between the ankles is more than 5 cm. This pathology most often has an acquired nature.

      The main causes of X-shaped curvature of the legs in children

      X- or O-shaped lower limbs are leg deformities. An X-shaped curvature of the legs, which is characterized by the development of hallux valgus, is also called hallux valgus. In the presence of such a deformation, the legs converge at the knees and diverge downwards. With O-shaped legs (varus deformity), varus feet form, the knees and shins do not touch, there is a gap between them. To a certain degree of severity, both deformities are not considered a deviation. However, this deformity usually disappears in the third year of a child’s life. Often, a slight X-shaped curvature of the legs occurs in children aged 2-7 years. A mild deformity in an adult is not an indication for surgery or another treatment method.

      Symptoms of X- and O-shaped curvature of the legs

    • X- or O-shaped curvature of the legs.
    • Progressive gait disturbance.
    • Pain in the knee joint when walking.
    • Increasing pain as the disease progresses.
    • Causes of X- and O-shaped curvature of the legs

      The deformity can be congenital or acquired as a result of previous leg injuries. In addition, these deformities are often accompanied by rheumatic diseases. Previously, pronounced X- and O-shaped deformities of the legs were observed in children suffering from rickets. An X-shaped curvature of the legs develops in a person suffering from external clubfoot or cauda equina. Over time, improper load distribution and lack of treatment leads to an X-shaped curvature of the legs.

      Treatment of X- and O-shaped curvature of the legs

      Often these leg deformities disappear in childhood thanks to physical therapy and treatment of the somatic disease that caused the curvature, for example, rickets. Correction of more serious deformities is carried out using special splints that are applied to children at night. Sometimes during the growth period, in order to avoid further arching of the leg, surgery to fix the knee is indicated. Over time, in adults, due to the high degree of severity of the X- or O-shaped curvature of the legs, gait is impaired, so surgical intervention is necessary. This avoids premature wear and inflammation of the knee joint. For severe and persistent pain, surgery to implant an artificial knee joint is indicated.

      From the first days, children should undergo a preventive examination. This will allow us to diagnose and correct the early stage of leg deformities.

      If you notice obvious deformities in your legs or feet, you should consult a doctor. Adults over 60 years of age should also consult a doctor.

      First of all, the doctor will find out the cause of the deformity. In case of mild curvature, therapeutic exercises are indicated, and in more severe cases, the small patient is referred to an orthopedist. Adults with X- or O-shaped leg curvature should also see a podiatrist. For severe pain, painkillers are prescribed.

      At first, X- and O-shaped curvature of the legs looks like a cosmetic defect. An X-shaped curvature of the legs makes walking and running difficult.

      If X- and O-shaped deformities of the legs are left untreated, the load on the knee joint increases, which leads to arthrosis. The gait disorder progresses, and if at first the pain occurred only when walking, then it is felt constantly.

      Often, X-shaped deformity of the legs is a consequence of external clubfoot and flat feet. However, due to the fact that mild clubfoot in children starting to walk is not considered a deviation, it becomes difficult to identify this deformity in the future. For children over 8 years of age, external clubfoot is usually not typical.

      How to correct X-shaped legs in a child

      An important aspect in the treatment of X-shaped leg deformity is wearing special orthopedic shoes, since this pathology leads to curvature of the feet. These shoes have a custom insole and high solid heels.

      Exercise therapy has a special role for X-shaped legs. The most effective exercises are wall bars, cycling, and swimming in the pool. Daily X-leg exercises are also necessary. Walking on your toes and heels along a narrow path or board, on the outside of your feet, adopting a cross-legged sitting position, and squats with a ball sandwiched between your knees are very useful.

      Treatment of scoliosis in children and adolescents

      Scoliosis in children is a common pathological process characterized by lateral curvature of the spine and changes in the shape of the vertebrae. This problem affects not only the appearance of the child, spoiling the posture; scoliosis entails a number of serious diseases of the back and internal organs. It is important to identify and begin treatment of the disease in time, since the spine can only be corrected in childhood.

      Causes of scoliosis in children

      Scoliosis can be congenital or acquired. Congenital occurs due to anatomical deviations from the norm of bone structures or vertebrae, asymmetrical locations of the pelvis and legs. It is impossible to prevent this pathology, since it is formed in the womb, but after the baby is born, everything must be done to ensure that the pathological process stops its development.

      A newborn may have a completely healthy back and develop scoliosis in the first year of life. This happens very rarely as a result of some kind of birth injury.

      Acquired scoliosis develops in completely healthy children and adolescents due to a number of reasons. Curvature of the spine in children can begin to develop as a result of:

    • Incorrect posture;
    • Weak muscle corset;
    • Disproportional development of the skeletal and muscular system;
    • Inadequate and asymmetrical physical activity;
    • Carrying heavy backpacks and bags on one shoulder;
    • Inactive lifestyle and minimal movement;
    • Sitting at a table or desk in the wrong position;
    • Vegetative-vascular dystonia;
    • Poor nutrition and vitamin deficiency;
    • Injuries of the spine, pelvis and lower extremities.
    • The sex of the child to some extent influences the possibility of developing scoliosis . In girls, deformation and curvature of the spine occurs several times more often; boys are less at risk. Doctors are unable to answer why this happens, but the fact of the pattern cannot be refuted.

      Children diagnosed with rheumatism, rickets and certain diseases of the nervous system are at great risk of developing scoliosis.

      The risk of spinal curvature in an infant increases if his parents have scoliosis. This pathology is not inherited, but some genetic diseases can lead to its occurrence.

      Age classification of scoliotic disease:

    • Infantile scoliosis is diagnosed between birth and 3 years of age;
    • Juvenile scoliosis occurs in children between 3 and 10 years of age;
    • Adolescent scoliosis is typical for the period of puberty from 10-17 years;
    • An adult is diagnosed at the age of 20, when the growth and development of the spine is almost complete, and it is almost impossible to influence the problem.
    • According to localization, scoliosis in a child is divided into cervical (usually congenital), thoracic, thoracolumbar, lumbar and combined.

      According to the number of scoliotic arches, scoliosis is divided into:

    • C-shaped, which is characterized by one arc of curvature, the most common case in medical practice;
    • S-shaped is a curvature in two parts of the spine in two directions at once;
    • Z-shaped - the most severe case of three curves.
    • Very rarely, but kyphoscoliotic scoliosis occurs, in which the deformation of the chest and the appearance of a rib hump are added to the bend of the vertebra.

      According to severity, the disease is classified as:

    • The first stage is a barely noticeable angle of curvature, at the apex of curvature 5-10 degrees;
    • Second stage –11-25 degrees;
    • Third stage – 26-50 degrees;
    • The fourth stage is more than 50 degrees.
    • Childhood scoliosis does not manifest itself in any way at the initial stage of development. The child is active and cheerful, he is not bothered by back pain or any other ailments. Obvious manifestations of scoliosis, which occur already at the second stage of the disease, are supported by the following signs:

    • Always head down;
    • There is a slight stoop with slightly compressed shoulders;
    • The shoulders are not on the same line.
    • When scoliosis moves from 2 to 3 degrees, the following appears:

    • More pronounced curvature of the spine;
    • Discomfort in the back area;
    • Headache;
    • Cardiopalmus;
    • Shortness of breath.
    • Many parents do not pay due attention to scoliosis - the child feels well, there are no noticeable problems. But if treatment is neglected, the disease will progress:

    • Serious spinal deformity;
    • Pelvic asymmetry;
    • Weakening of the abdominal muscles;
    • Failures in the development of internal organs;
    • Constant headaches and general weakness.
    • Scoliosis also creates the basis for the development of osteochondrosis and many other diseases not only in the back area.

      Examination and treatment should be carried out in a medical center by experienced personnel, but you can detect the first signs of scoliosis in children yourself.

      In the initial stages, the disease is invisible to the naked eye, and the child is not bothered by any manifestations of discomfort, while scoliosis continues to progress. Therefore, it is so important to be regularly examined by a doctor and learn to independently identify diseases.

      How can you identify spinal curvature?

    • Place the baby on his stomach and look at the line of the spine - it should be smooth. If the spine is curved and does not straighten with various changes in body position and turns of the baby, it is necessary to urgently see a doctor; most likely the child has scoliosis.
    • Place the child exactly in front of you, ask him to bend down and stretch his arms down. If in this position any asymmetry is noticed (deviation of the spinal column from the center line of the back, a protruding rib or shoulder blade), then there is cause for concern.
    • In cases where the disease already exists, the exact degree of scoliosis can be assessed using a direct X-ray of the spine using the Cobb method.

      Scoliosis of the spine is a disease of the musculoskeletal system, and if the problem is not given attention, it will quickly worsen. Only the attending physician decides how to treat scoliosis in children. It is he who, depending on the degree of development of the disease and the age of the patient, has the right to prescribe one or another method of therapy.

      If the development of scoliosis began in an infant or school-age child, it can be cured on your own. Scoliosis in adolescents, as a rule, is detected in an advanced form and is very difficult to treat.

      For first-degree disease, massages and exercise therapy (therapeutic physical training) are prescribed. Treatment of scoliosis in adolescents in the second degree involves physical therapy, myofascial release and acupuncture.

      With active skeletal growth, an x-ray examination of the young patient is provided every 6-10 months, which will clearly show the dynamics of the healing process.

      Gymnastics, physiotherapy and exercise therapy

      The complex of physiotherapeutic treatment includes procedures aimed at increasing the contractile function of the back and abdominal muscles, as well as methods that affect the elimination of muscle dystrophy. These activities are carried out with the aim of improving the mobility of the vertebrae and activating their blood circulation, strengthening the muscular corset of the back, making the spine flexible, even and strong.

      In addition to procedures under the guidance of medical staff in the exercise therapy room, basic exercises for home performance received good reviews:

    • Martin. Lying on your stomach, stretch your arms forward and, as you inhale, lift your straight arms and legs up, and as you exhale, return to the starting position;
    • Scissors. We lie on our backs, straighten our arms along the body, lift our legs off the floor (10-15 cm) and begin to swing them, crossing and spreading;
    • Bike. We lie down on the floor, lock our hands behind our heads and perform movements with our legs that imitate riding a bicycle.
    • Walking alternately on your toes with your hands raised up and on your heels with your hands clasped.
    • Therapeutic massage for scoliosis relieves muscle tension and has a relaxing effect on the spine, strengthens the muscle corset and helps restore the natural line of the spinal column. However, scoliosis cannot be cured with one course of massage; the problem must be solved comprehensively.

      For stages 2 and 3 of scoliosis severity in adolescents, treatment involves wearing a special corset, which can only be prescribed by the attending physician. The corset helps stop the progression of the deformity; it also relieves stress from the back, straightens the spine and, with timely treatment, can completely correct the pathology.

      The method of rehabilitation through therapeutic horse riding is used by a small number of rehabilitation centers due to its high cost, but the feedback from the use of this technique is only positive. Riding a horse forces all muscle groups, ligamentous and vestibular apparatus to work. Weakened muscles “wake up”, and spasmed ones relax. With regular exercise, the habit of maintaining posture is formed.

      Surgery

      Correcting scoliosis of the fourth (sometimes third) degree of scoliosis in a teenager requires not only conservative methods, but also a surgeon’s scalpel. The decisive factors for surgical correction of the spine are:

    • The amount of deformation is more than 45 degrees;
    • Neurological complications;
    • Cardiopulmonary failure;
    • Unbearable pain syndrome;
    • Active progression of the disease.
    • After the operation, a long course of rehabilitation follows (at least six months). Very often, the help of a psychotherapist is required, since this kind of stress can lead to a number of psycho-emotional problems in the child (stiffness, shyness, decreased self-esteem, self-centeredness). All responsibility for the treatment of scoliosis in children falls on their parents.

      It is much easier to prevent curvature of the child’s spine than to later ask questions about what to do with scoliosis and how to correct pathological changes in the shape of the vertebrae. Therefore, every parent is obliged to pay due attention to their child and follow the following recommendations:

    • Take care of the quality of the child’s diet, feed him varied and nutritious food;
    • Develop the habit of independently monitoring your posture through constant reminders of straight walking, sitting and standing;
    • If the child is already a schoolchild, it is strictly forbidden to carry a bag over the shoulder and carry a backpack in one hand. For daily use, you need to purchase a high-quality orthopedic backpack;
    • Even from infancy, it is necessary to take care of the child’s sleeping place. The bed should not be too soft; it is ideal if an orthopedic mattress is used;
    • Furniture (chair and table) should also be ergonomic and suitable for the child’s height.
    • Children who have a tendency to develop scoliosis are contraindicated in sports such as tennis, badminton and rhythmic gymnastics. But ballroom dancing, skiing and any other non-traumatic types of physical activity will be beneficial.

      Hallux valgus in a child: treatment of curvature in children

      As a child grows up, various changes occur in his body, including his arms and legs. The main task of parents during this period is to ensure that the development of the child’s musculoskeletal system, bones, and joints corresponds to age standards. Indeed, if necessary, it is necessary to adjust this process in time.

      In this way, you can reduce the risk of certain pathologies and the appearance of many diseases. For example, hallux valgus.

      Statistics show that 30% of children under 5 years of age have foot problems. Therefore, if in the presence of even minor pathologies of this kind no measures are taken, then over time this may result in adverse consequences.

      Thus, hallux valgus can provoke complications such as: changes in the functioning of internal organs, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and spine. It is also possible to increase the likelihood of injury to the lower extremities, underdevelopment of bone and joint tissues, etc.

      Of course, pathological processes will gradually progress, which will be noticeable visually.

      Hallux valgus and its causes

      This disease is characterized by changes in the shape of the axis and foot. In this case, the foot and toes are deformed and the heel is turned out.

      These signs can be noticed visually, because due to bending of the knees, the legs become curvature in relation to each other. Over time, swelling may occur in the heel area. The child also complains of frequent pain in the lower extremities and develops clubfoot.

      Like any other pathology, hallux valgus progresses in stages, so there are mild, moderate and severe degrees of the disease. Undoubtedly, at the initial stage it is much easier to cure foot deformity than to get rid of its severe forms.

      In the most advanced cases, the correct shape of the foot will not be completely restored, however, this does not mean that it is not necessary to treat and correct it.

      Examination and diagnosis are carried out after a medical examination. It is important that the diagnosis is carried out on time. This way, the treatment will bring the best results.

      Often, parents perform various activities aimed at the early development of the child, including walking. If children start walking early or are forced to do so, then everything can end in adverse consequences.

      At this time, the children's ligamentous apparatus is just beginning to form, so it may be completely unprepared for such loads. Therefore, you need to start walking on time, following the established standards.

      The reasons for untimely loading of the feet are very common. However, this factor is not the main one, because hallux valgus often develops as a result of:

    • injuries received during childbirth;
    • hereditary predisposition to a weakened muscle corset, disruption of the endocrine system and other disorders;
    • pathologies that destroy bone tissue and weaken joints (diabetes mellitus, rickets);
    • incorrectly selected shoes that do not hold the foot in the correct position;
    • excessive loads or their complete absence.
    • However, only a doctor can find out the exact reasons. Then, based on diagnostic data, he will select effective treatment, which should begin as early as possible.

      If you follow some standards, then you can independently determine the presence of hallux valgus. For these purposes, it is necessary to compare the dimensions of a normal foot, which should correspond to a certain age, with the parameters of a child’s foot.

      If significant deviations are detected, it is necessary to visit an orthopedist and pediatrician.

      Treatment of hallux valgus

      Some parents think that this disease will go away on its own, so flat feet should not be treated. But this opinion is wrong, because not treated will lead to pain in the legs, curvature of posture and other unpleasant phenomena.

      For these reasons, it must be remembered that hallux valgus in children must be treated. After all, this pathology can have significant differences in symptoms, factors of occurrence and correction methods.

      In general, changes in the foot can be eliminated, but, as a rule, in the early stages of the disease. If the appearance of flat feet is caused by the presence of any pathologies, for example, rickets, then the treatment must be comprehensive.

      A systematic visit to the pediatrician will allow you to identify the disease hallux valgus in children at the initial stage and prescribe timely conservative treatment.

      If parents bring their child to an orthopedist with an advanced stage of the disease, or if previously prescribed therapy turns out to be ineffective, then this problem cannot be solved without surgical intervention.

      So, at the initial stage of pathology development, the doctor recommends the following correction methods:

      1. Wearing shoes with orthopedic effect. It should not only have a special insole, but also an instep support, with which you can adjust the rigid ankles and instep. The cost of this type of shoe is much more expensive than usual, however, it is necessary to restore normal functions of the foot. In extreme cases, ankle orthoses can be used.
      2. Orthopedic insoles. They should be chosen based on the child’s personal characteristics, that is, based on the existing foot deformity. Often, insoles are made to order based on the recommendations of an orthopedist.
      3. Massage. This procedure must be performed by a massage therapist. But parents can also learn some basics of massage movements, but for these purposes they need to become familiar with the basic principles of their implementation. And in particularly advanced cases, massage should be performed only in a medical facility under medical supervision.
      4. Gymnastics. Today there are a lot of special programs designed to eliminate hallux valgus in a child. Only a doctor should select a course of physical therapy, because each stage of gymnastics has specific features. In addition, exercises can be combined with games, for example, walking along a line and lifting small toys with your feet.
      5. Physical activity. Compliance with this condition is very important, since swimming and walking will help quickly restore the normal shape of the foot. But first you need to make sure that the child has no contraindications to this kind of load.
      6. Physiotherapeutic procedures. Treatment carried out using special procedures that the doctor prescribes not only during recovery, but also for preventive purposes.

      When conservative treatment does not bring the necessary results, then it is necessary to resort to extreme measures - surgical intervention, for example, according to the Dobbs method. This method is based on conducting plaster sessions with the installation of knitting needles.

      In childhood, tissues are easily changed, which makes it possible to safely correct the shape of the foot. Surgical intervention also includes other methods. In this case, much depends on the condition of the child, the degree of deformation and the presence or absence of contraindications.

      The use of one or another therapeutic technique is based on the factors causing flat feet and the health of the little patient. In many cases, to eliminate this unpleasant phenomenon, not only orthopedists, but also other doctors are involved. Regarding the effectiveness of therapy, the effect will be visible after some time, because the correction process occurs gradually.

      It is important to remember that eliminating a foot defect on your own is not easy, so everything can end in complications. Today there is a lot of information on certain gymnastic programs, orthopedic shoes and other methods of eliminating pathology, however, it is undesirable to use them in practice without medical consultation.

      Preventive measures

      If we do not consider cases of congenital pathologies, then it is quite possible to prevent the occurrence of hallux valgus. For these purposes, it is necessary to go to see a doctor, strictly following the pediatrician’s visit schedule.

      As a rule, a medical examination is carried out in the first month after birth, and then at 3 and 6 months. In addition, it is advisable to conduct an examination at 9 months, when the child begins to walk.

      When the child turns one year old, the frequency of visits to the doctor decreases (once a year). However, this does not mean that at the slightest suspicion, parents should postpone a visit to the doctor.

      At the same time, parents should not forget to follow some important preventive rules. So, in order to prevent the development of flat feet, you need to take care of timely load on your legs. You should not force your child to walk, thereby overloading the lower limbs.

      After all, underdeveloped ligaments may not withstand the weight, resulting in deformation of the foot. Moreover, moderate loads can be given only after the child turns 8 months.

      It is equally important to carefully monitor the child’s health, not forgetting about proper nutrition, enriched with vitamins. Thus, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

      Constant and proper exercise therapy is a good prevention of various limb diseases. Elementary exercises, presented in a playful manner, will help reduce the likelihood of the occurrence of limb pathologies. For these purposes, you can walk on light terrain (sand, small stones).

      You can also use a technique that was previously used in kindergartens - walking on peas. It would be useful to move the child with his feet slightly turned out, squatting, rising on his toes, etc.

      In addition, you should not save on purchasing the first pair of shoes for a child, because in children there is a process of active formation of tissues of ligaments and joints. A large arch support, poor fixation and other incorrect shoe parameters contribute to the development of flat feet.

      Massaging the lumbar region, feet and vertebrae is useful not only in the treatment of hallux valgus, but also for preventive purposes. As a rule, the pediatrician advises young mothers to begin massage treatments during the baby’s first steps.

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