Arthrosis is a degenerative-dystrophic disease. You need to know which doctor treats arthrosis, in which malnutrition and gradual destruction of the cartilage on the surface of the joints occur. This anomaly mainly affects large joints. So which doctor should I contact?
Signs of arthrosis are:
In this case, the most correct decision would be to visit a doctor as soon as possible for diagnosis and treatment. The specialist who treats dystrophic diseases is an arthrologist, but such doctors only accept patients in large multidisciplinary clinics. In ordinary city clinics for the treatment of arthrosis, you should contact one of the following specialists:
The choice of doctor who will treat this disease will depend on:
It is especially necessary to undergo examination and treatment by a specialist in this profile when the true cause of the disease is unclear and a diagnosis has not been made. In other words, when a person for many years did not attach importance to the slow development of chronic arthrosis, as a result of which the following phenomena appeared:
It is in such cases that a rheumatologist deals with treatment. The orthopedic doctor is mainly faced with the task of caring for patients during the postoperative recovery period. The patient needs advice on the right choice:
The orthopedist also works with patients whose diagnosis is advanced chronic arthrosis of the third degree. In the absence of an orthopedist and rheumatologist, a surgeon takes on the treatment of arthrosis. He studies the extent to which the disease affects adjacent muscle tissue, on the basis of which he makes a decision on the likely surgical intervention. A therapist who is a generalist can advise which doctor to contact in a particular case. He treats joint pathology only in cases where it is not possible to provide treatment to other specialists. The therapist can:
If a person goes to the clinic after receiving an injury with fear of arthrosis, he needs to visit a traumatologist.
Actually, at first he will lead the treatment process; further rehabilitation will be carried out by an orthopedist or rheumatologist. In the absence of deformity, namely at an early stage of the disease, they turn to a rheumatologist for the treatment of arthrosis. At a later stage, an orthopedic traumatologist will be needed. A rheumatologist is a doctor who treats patients who do not require surgery.
If the patient's condition is not bad, he can go to the clinic. The patient is sent to the hospital in cases where hospitalization is necessary or for consultation, but this is done only after a referral from the clinic is given. If you lack time, but have sufficient finances, you can seek help from a private medical institution. It is necessary to approach the choice responsibly - qualified assistance will be provided only in a clinic with an impeccable reputation.
There are cases when consultations with other doctors may be necessary: for example, if arthrosis has developed due to a metabolic disorder, a consultation with an endocrinologist is necessary; if you are overweight, a nutritionist; if you have problems with nerves, a neurologist. The following are involved in the treatment of arthrosis:
A correct diagnosis and timely initiation of correct treatment is the key to a successful result in the treatment of arthrosis.
In most apartment buildings, sound insulation is not of sufficient quality, so neighbors can hear each other perfectly. And if the usual household noise does not cause irritation or interfere, then a dog barking or howling for several hours can infuriate even the most patient people.
If a neighbor's pet disturbs the residents of the house, disturbing the peace or polluting common areas, the situation must be dealt with legally.
In this article, we’ll look at where to file a complaint about your neighbors’ dog?
The most common reasons for complaints about neighbors' pets are:
Where can you complain if your neighbors dog is constantly barking? If the existence of a pet significantly worsens people’s living conditions, then residents have every right to contact law enforcement agencies and restore order. Initially, you can try to cope with the problem peacefully, and only if the dog’s owner does not react to this, should you complain to all authorities.
First of all, you should talk to the pet's owners peacefully - it is likely that they do not even suspect that the dog is barking and howling in their absence. If a dog shits in common areas, it is worth reminding the owners about sanitary and hygienic standards and responsibility for violating them. If the owner allows the dog to react aggressively to neighbors and other people, and leads it without a muzzle and leash, then you should point out to him the walking rules in force in the region.
Dogs with constant barking, howling, and aggression disturb both residents of high-rise buildings and citizens living in the private sector. Any person whose peace is disturbed by a neighbor's pet has the right to contact law enforcement agencies and leave a complaint.
If the dog owner did not take action after the conversation, you should file a complaint against the neighbor for the dog. What to do if your neighbors dog constantly barks, who should you complain to? When a dog disturbs the peace by loudly howling, whining, or barking, then you can file a complaint (a complaint against your neighbors’ dog) with Rospotrebnadzor, the district police officer, and the administrative court. Loud noises at night are a violation of Federal Law number 52, therefore the application must be accepted and considered by the authorities.
In addition, if a dog barks throughout the day, you can report a neighbor for cruelty to an animal , which is regulated by article of the Criminal Code under number 245. In accordance with this article, the owner may face a significant fine or criminal punishment for up to 2 years.
If a dog shits in public places , you should contact the Management Company and the district police officer , who will draw up protocols. The legislation does not limit the maximum permissible number of animals kept on private territory, but their owners must maintain cleanliness and order, which is regulated by Article 30 of the Housing Code.
When an owner walks a dog without a muzzle and a leash, and the pet exhibits aggressive behavior, a statement should be written to the police or local police officer. In accordance with the “rules of walking,” the owner is obliged to walk the dog in public places (which includes the entrance) wearing a muzzle and a leash.
This restriction is regulated by Resolution of the Council of Ministers, adopted during the time of the RSFRS, number 449. Part 3 of this Resolution states that:
In order for a complaint to be accepted and considered, it is necessary to take into account certain rules when drafting it. So:
There is no single unified form for writing complaints, but a certain procedure exists and should be followed:
If the work done does not help, you should write a complaint again. The applicant should retain all documentary evidence - complaints with marks indicating their acceptance, written responses from the district police officer about the measures taken, the imposition of fines on the violator.
After writing a complaint to Rospotrebnadzor, specialists from the organization will come to the applicant and measure the noise level in his apartment (the maximum permissible noise value is 40 dB during the day, and 30 at night). Then the manipulations are carried out in the offender’s apartment and a report is drawn up, a copy of which remains in the hands of the person who wrote the complaint.
Any complaint can be accompanied by a number of evidence of the offense that occurred:
If complaints to the authorities did not help and the neighbors’ dog continues to disturb the neighbors, then the only option is to go to court.
Due to the fact that according to the law it is necessary to carry out a pre-trial settlement of the conflict that has arisen, and it is required to talk with the neighbor, write a complaint to the district police officer and to Rospotrebnadzor.
It is these actions that will become evidence of the preliminary measures taken. The complaint to the administrative court must contain only correct data, and the document should be completed with a line about awareness of the potential liability for false denunciation (Article 306 of the Criminal Code).
You can attach evidence to the application - records, evidence, copies of conclusions and responses of officials to complaints.
If a neighbor’s dog makes noise at any time of the day, violates the cleanliness of the entrance and local area, and its owner does not follow the rules of walking and does not train the dog, you should try to solve the problem peacefully. But, if you are wondering where to complain about neighbors with a dog and the neighbor is not going to change anything, you will have to contact the police, Rospotrebnadzor, the management company and, last but not least, the court.
+7 (812) 627-13-62 (Saint Petersburg)
Flatfoot is a change in the shape of the foot, characterized by drooping of its longitudinal and transverse arches.
A distinction is made between primary transverse and longitudinal flatfoot ; a combination of both forms is possible.
Transverse flatfoot in combination with other deformities is 55.23%, longitudinal flatfoot in combination with other foot deformities is 29.3%.
- Pain in the feet, knees, hips, back.
- Unnatural gait and posture.
- It is easier to bend over than to squat; crouching, it’s hard to maintain balance.
- Clubfoot when walking.
- Deformed feet (flat feet, crooked toes of disproportionate length, bunions on the big toe, or gout (hallux valgus), ugly wide foot), deformation of the knee joints, disproportionate development of the muscles of the legs and lower legs.
- Flat feet predispose you to the development of ingrown toenails.
Flat feet are more often acquired, but occur against the background of congenital insufficiency of connective tissue, hereditary frailty. This type of foot is also often called “aristocratic”.
There are, for example, ladies who “even have a narrow hand in rings,” as Blok wrote, or “a narrow heel,” as Pushkin’s Don Juan managed to spy. In a word, thin bone. Women are affected 4 times more often than men.
And one of the unfavorable development factors is improperly made shoes. Fashionistas pay with flat feet for high heels and narrow shoe toes, when the legs do not rest on the entire foot, but only on the heads of the metatarsal bones.
For proper formation of the arches of the feet, constant stimulation of the muscles and ligaments is necessary. Stimulants can be hard grass, stones, sand, earth (if you walk on them barefoot).
Parquet, laminate, and other hard surfaces are aggressive for the foot, including thick soles, in which the muscles and ligaments of the foot do not work. Everyone knows that idle muscles atrophy. The pioneers of space, returning to their native land, could not walk (the long-term stay in weightlessness affected them). I had to load the muscles and ligaments in space using simulators.
Likewise, the arches of the feet without load become lazy and sag: flat feet are acquired for the rest of your life. However, two years ago we were approached by a young man who wanted to become an officer, like his father, but did not pass the medical examination due to flat feet. Eight months of hard work with the muscles and ligaments of the foot - and he became a cadet at a higher military institution.
According to the literature, 65% or more of children acquire flat feet by school age. Considering that in most Russian cities there are no podiatrists, then full-fledged correction of flat feet is simply not available to the population. This means that more than 65% of the child population enters adulthood with developing flat feet, and subsequently (for grandmothers) with “berries” in the form of bumps on their feet.
And the point is also that wearing someone else’s shoes leads to worsening of the disease. Worn out someone else's shoes incorrectly distribute the load on the foot. It turns out that when we give shoes, we do a disservice. Children's shoes should have a small heel, a hard heel and spring instep support - a kind of “stones” and “bumps” under the feet.
Adults more often have static flat feet, which is associated with excessive stress on the legs. This is primarily due to excess weight. People whose profession requires standing on their feet for a long time - hairdressers, salesmen, machine operators - also suffer. These people are at risk for developing flat feet, just like surgeons who stand at the operating table for hours.
With transverse flatfoot , the transverse arch of the foot is flattened, its anterior section rests on the heads of all five metatarsal bones, the length of the feet decreases due to the fan-shaped divergence of the metatarsal bones, the deviation of the first toe outward and the hammer-shaped deformation of the middle toe. With longitudinal flatfoot, the longitudinal arch is flattened and the foot is in contact with the floor with almost the entire area of the sole, the length of the feet increases.
Flat feet are directly dependent on body weight: the greater the weight and, therefore, the load on the feet, the more pronounced the longitudinal flat feet. This pathology occurs mainly in women.
Longitudinal flatfoot occurs most often at the age of 16-25 years, transverse - at 35-50 years. Based on the origin of flatfoot, a distinction is made between congenital flatfoot, traumatic, paralytic and static.
It is not easy to establish congenital flat feet before the age of 5-6 years, since in all children younger than this age all the elements of a flat foot are determined. However, in approximately 3% of all cases of flat feet, the flat foot is congenital.
Traumatic flatfoot is a consequence of a fracture of the ankles, heel bone, and tarsal bones. Paralytic pes planus is the result of paralysis of the plantar muscles of the foot and the muscles starting on the lower leg (a consequence of polio).
Rachitic flatfoot is caused by the body loading on weakened bones of the foot.
Static flatfoot (the most common 82.1%) occurs due to weakness of the leg and foot muscles, ligaments and bones. The reasons for the development of static flat feet can be different:
- increase in body weight;
- work in a standing position;
— decrease in muscle strength during physiological aging;
- lack of training for people in sedentary professions, etc.
Internal causes that contribute to the development of foot deformities also include hereditary predisposition, and external causes include occupational overload of the feet (a woman with a normal foot structure who spends 7-8 hours at the counter or in a weaving shop can acquire this disease over time) , housekeeping, wearing inappropriate shoes (narrow, uncomfortable).
When walking in high heels, the load is redistributed: from the heel it moves to the area of the transverse arch, which cannot support it and becomes deformed, which is why transverse flat feet occur.
The main symptoms of longitudinal flatfoot are pain in the foot and changes in its shape.
The diagnosis of “flat feet” is made on the basis of x-rays of the feet in 2 projections with a load (standing). A preliminary diagnosis of flat feet can be made by an orthopedist based on a physical examination. The correct location of the anatomical landmarks of the foot and ankle joint, range of motion and angles of deviation of the foot, reaction of the arches and muscles to load, gait features, and shoe wear characteristics are determined.
To examine the severity of transverse flatfoot, an analysis of the obtained radiographs is performed.
On X-ray photographs in a direct projection, to determine the degree of transverse flatfoot, three straight lines are drawn, corresponding to the longitudinal axes of the I-II metatarsal bones and the main phalanx of the first toe. They form
To determine the severity of longitudinal flatfoot, radiography of the feet is performed in a lateral projection. In the picture, three lines are drawn forming a triangle with an obtuse angle directed upward.
Normally, the angle of the longitudinal arch of the foot is 125-130°, the height of the arch is >35 mm.
There are 3 degrees of longitudinal flatfoot:
1st degree: arch angle is 131-140°, arch height is 35-25 mm, there is no deformation of the foot bones.
2nd degree: the arch angle is 141–155°, the height of the arch is 24–17 mm, there may be signs of deforming arthrosis of the talonavicular joint.
3rd degree: arch angle >155°, height
Footprint for various degrees of flat feet from zero to third:
Pregnancy causes various changes in the body. Many of the women present the same complaints. One of these complaints that is practically not taken into account is pain in the legs. Due to natural weight gain during pregnancy, the body's center of gravity shifts forward. This causes a redistribution of the load on the limbs and an increase in pressure in the knee joints and feet.
Pregnant women may experience excessive pronation of the foot. These changes can cause pain in the heels, arch, or metatarsus. Many women experience leg muscle cramps and varicose veins of the lower extremities. Therefore, all pregnant women need to have the necessary information about their health and, in particular, about the function of their legs, so that the nine-month pregnancy period is as comfortable as possible for them.
Excessive pronation, which accompanies flat feet, occurs because the arch of the foot flattens under the influence of the woman’s increasing weight due to the growing fetus. This can cause strain and inflammation of the plantar fascia, which runs from the heel to the toes. Excessive pronation can cause walking to become painful due to increased stress on the calf muscles and spine. Overpronation is very common in people who have weak, flat feet and are overweight.
1. It is necessary to strengthen the muscles that support the arch of the foot.
Natural strengthening of the body helps strengthen the foot. It is good for a child to swim - crawl is better, but you can just flounder at the edge of the pool - it is important that the stroke occurs with the leg. It is useful to walk barefoot - on sand (not hot) or pebbles (not sharp). Run along hills and hills, walk on a log.
Physical education classes are certainly beneficial for children with flat feet. Recommendations for restrictions here are very relative. For example, skating, cross-country skating, or weightlifting put unnecessary stress on the arch of the foot. On the other hand, they are not contraindicated if there are no severe clinical manifestations of the disease - pain, swelling. Thus, almost all speed skaters develop flat feet over time, which does not prevent them from achieving high athletic results. The famous high jumper Vladimir Yashchenko had pronounced flat feet. However, he turned his disadvantage into a plus - at the moment of the jump, he corrected the deformed muscles of the foot, which increased his jumping ability. Physical activity in any case develops the leg muscles and strengthens the arch of the foot.
Walking on uneven surfaces. The exercises are performed barefoot, each 8-12 times.
- Walking barefoot on sand (you can use a box half a meter by meter for sand) or a foam rubber mat (or with a large pile), bending your toes and resting on the outer edge of the foot;
— Walking on a sloped surface with support on the outer edge of the foot;
— Walking sideways on a log.
Gymnastics. Gymnastics should become a daily and habitual activity for a patient with flat feet. It is better to do it not once, but 2-3 times a day.
The following recommendations can be given to pregnant women:
- raise your legs as often as possible;
- if you have to stay in a sitting position for a long time, place a small bench under your feet;
- wear socks without seams that do not restrict blood flow, if you drive for a long time, take regular breaks to stretch your legs;
- Do physical exercise regularly to improve your overall well-being; the best form of exercise is walking.
Massage. Massage is a procedure known since ancient times. It relieves muscle fatigue, improves metabolism and blood circulation. It is no coincidence that traditional healers said when massaging a patient: it is necessary to “disperse the blood.” It is not difficult to master some self-massage techniques by correctly following the basic recommendations.
The main techniques of self-massage are:
— the shin should be stroked, rubbed with your palms, kneaded, and patted with your fingertips. Massage the lower leg from the ankle joint to the knee joint, mainly the inner surface of the lower leg;
— the foot should be stroked and rubbed with the back of the bent toes. The plantar surface of the foot should be massaged from the toes to the heel;
— for self-massage it is useful to use special rubber mats and massage rollers.
After the evening massage, as they used to say on the radio, “we move on to water procedures.” It is useful for both children and adults to take a foot bath before bed.
Take two basins: with hot water (as soon as your foot tolerates it) and with cold water. First, steam your feet in a hot bath, then place them in a cold one. Do this alternately - 2-3 times. The skin will become red and a pleasant feeling will appear in your legs. You can add a little sea salt, or baking soda, or herbal infusions to the water - chamomile, sage, oak bark, immortelle flowers, peppermint.
2. Choose the right shoes. The best shoes are soft leather shoes with flexible soles and low heels. Sneakers too (unless, of course, they are fakes from a good company). I see how the fashionistas winced. Well, make your own conclusion and choice.
For example, Cinderella preferred unfamiliar princes and glass slippers. The Ministry of Health has already warned more than once about the dangers of casual acquaintances, but I, for my part, authoritatively declare: crystal is not a suitable material for shoes. Absolutely inflexible, it can seriously injure the foot, the sides dig into the arches, the hard toe rubs the toes. In a word, save yourself who can!
By the way, why do you think, running away. Cinderella loses her shoe? It's very simple: the flexible arch of the foot slides out of the uncomfortable monolithic shoe. Poor, poor Cinderella, another victim of clumsy beauty.
But jokes are jokes, and shoes for flat feet are an important matter. And you need to choose it correctly for babies. Soft booties are only suitable for babies. When a child begins to walk, he must have appropriate shoes. Unfortunately, there are now a lot of low-quality and even harmful products on our market, brought to us from God knows where.
What are the criteria for choosing good shoes?
The criteria are the same for both children and adults:
- Definitely leather upper. Leather soles are also desirable;
- the heel is low, for children's shoes it should occupy at least a third of the sole in order to support the heel and the rear segment of the arch, and for women - no higher than 4 cm; wide toe;
— good quality of leather: no unpleasant odor, shedding of the outer layer, no cracks. Well-dressed and dyed leather does not stain your hands when you pick it up, or your socks when you put it on. It does not cause allergies, abrasions and, oddly enough, orthopedic diseases: bad skin does not support the foot well;
— the sole is flexible, which means that not only the mother is able to bend it when buying, but also the baby when walking.
I would like to draw the attention of readers to the fact that supporting the arches of the feet with the help of special shoes and orthopedic devices is the basis for the treatment of flat feet. I attach great importance to this.
As I said before, the arches of the feet are like shock absorbers or springs. But what if they don't work? That's right, replace them. And although, according to the common truth, there are no spare parts for a person, something can still be picked up. For example, corrective insoles or arch supports.
My readers can already explain the origin of this term - from the word “supination”. Since flat feet is a pronation of the foot, it is necessary to give it the opposite direction. And here the role of lei, as we called it, passive support, is very important. The “active life position” of the muscles of the foot and lower leg, the correct biomechanics of each of our steps, and our very general condition and well-being depend on how it is carried out. Therefore, the problem of biomechanical foot correctors, or orthoses, as experts more correctly call them, or simply instep supports, deserves a separate discussion.
3. Choose the right arch supports. They are designed to maintain the natural shape of the foot and train weakened muscles (this is ideal). In reality, in medical salons you can also find such instep supports: the space under the arch, which should be free, is filled with some kind of material. In fact, the already weakened foot muscles are deprived of any ability to work. Arch supports made from too hard materials are also harmful. On the other hand, soft insoles quickly lose their shape and are useless to wear.
Oak bark decoction bath. Mix 100 grams of oak bark with 0.5 liters of water and boil for half an hour. Then strain the broth and add to the bath. Bath of sage leaves and flowers. Leave 100 grams of sage in 2 liters of boiling water for about an hour and prepare a bath with this decoction.
Tincture of immortelle flowers. Immortelle grows on dry forest edges, near country roads. Its inflorescences are collected from July to October, until flowering is complete, and cut off along with a two-centimeter stem. Then the immortelle is dried until the flowers, after squeezing in the hands, stop sticking together. Insist on alcohol for several days.
Used externally for joint pain, radiculitis, and flat feet.
Peppermint infusion. Pour boiling water over 100 grams of dry mint. to cover it completely. Leave for 30 minutes. Then soak your feet in a warm bath prepared with this infusion for 15-20 minutes.
Infusion of mint and linden blossom. From 100 grams of a mixture of mint and linden blossom, taken in equal proportions, prepare an infusion, as stated in the previous recipe. This bath is good for relieving tired legs.
When the foot has steamed, massage it again, “sculpting” the arches of the feet and as if collecting the foot “into a fist”. After such a procedure, both children and adults sleep well: the calming effect of baths through the reflexogenic zones of the soles is felt. This procedure not only relieves fatigue and stress, it is also important for foot hygiene.
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Any buyer has encountered a low-quality product at least once and did not know where to complain.
After reading the article, you will learn to distinguish a high-quality product from a low-quality one and find out what you have the right to if you purchase a low-quality product and where to file complaints.
Please inspect the product carefully before purchasing
The main document that divides goods into high-quality and low-quality is the law on the protection of consumer rights (LCP).
High-quality products include those that fully perform all functions declared by the manufacturer, supplier and seller throughout their entire service life and do not pose any danger.
Low-quality products include those that do not fully perform their declared functions or pose a danger to humans.
If you bought a thing, tool, high-tech device or other product and the purchase broke during the warranty period, then it is a low-quality product.
If you bought a product and accidentally damaged it, you will not be able to file a claim with the seller, supplier or manufacturer, because the damage was not their fault.
First of all, you need to contact the store where you purchased the low-quality product. Show it to the seller or manager, explain what exactly is wrong with it or what is wrong with it. Store representatives will inspect the product to determine the cause of the defect.
If your words do not convince the seller/store management or you do not agree with their conclusions regarding the reasons for the product malfunction, then make a written claim in duplicate.
A complaint against a seller or store can be delivered in person, or by regular mail or email.
Take the claim to the store and give one copy to any seller or employee. Ask him to sign the second copy, indicate his initials, position, date and time at which you submitted the claim.
If you do not receive a response from the store within 10 days, contact the consumer rights protection department at the district or city administration (Rospotrebnadzor).
If the department is located far from you, you can send them a letter describing the situation and a second copy of the complaint by mail or email. However, personal presence during the submission of the application will allow department employees to quickly clarify all points of interest to them.
After this, department employees will inspect the store and try to resolve the conflict out of court. If this does not work out, they will help you draw up a statement of claim in court and will represent your interests during court proceedings.
We bought powder paint for our salon, supplied by Schwarzkop, it was delivered to us by couriers, before that we always bought it in specialized stores, we decided to paint it, since before that we all liked it and we know how it works, after opening the cans we felt a strong smell, usually it didn’t smell, after applying it to the roots, I specified only the roots, the burning began, everything began to burn, even the consistency when diluted was different, usually it was like a film, but this one fell out like a powder, after holding it and taking into account all the technology of the master, they decided to wash it off ((and this started happening, all the hair began to fall out in clumps, only a cm of length remains of the hair, This is just lucky, I tried it well on myself, and if we had decorated the client’s head and he was left without hair! What would have happened?! I would have been bored and closed, besides my salon. Until now, my hair is coming out in clumps for the third day... ((there is no hair on my head anymore! We immediately contacted the supplier, to which I received the following answer: That it was our own fault, We did it wrong, we added the wrong oxide, Moreover, the oxide is theirs, and everything was done correctly, the girls are masters who have been working for me for more than one year. And I don’t know how and what to do. I have no hair. And I’m a football player from the manager to the bosses... where is the clear answer and what to do next, they don’t know.
Three times I bought replacement shaving cassettes Gillette Slalom green from Lenta, and each time the package included two good cassettes and three dull ones. The store says to do the examination at your own expense. This is what “TAPE” is.
4 packages of Nestle porridge, dairy-free, oatmeal, buckwheat, rice, corn were purchased at the Lenta store
On 07/08/17, living worms were found in the corn porridge, small, hairy, and moving.
In what cases does it become necessary to protect labor rights? How to correctly compose a letter of complaint, what must be indicated in the text. Where to file a complaint against an employer, and what is the best way to do this. Is it possible to use a ready-made complaint sample? How difficult is it to draw up documents for the court and whose help is best to use.
Where to file a complaint against an employer?
This question often arises among employees when one of the following situations occurs:
You can write a complaint against your employer in all cases where you need to protect your rights or prevent harm to your legitimate interests.
Complaints against an employer are primarily aimed at restoring the violated rights of employees. For example, if he has not drawn up any documents, then he will be forced to compulsorily correct, approve or conclude them (for example, when the goal is to force the conclusion of an agreement).
In case of illegal delays in mandatory amounts of compensation or wages, the guilty party will be obliged to reimburse them after receiving a positive decision from the official authorized to consider the case.
For employers, in addition to the obligation to restore violated rights and interests, in most cases there will be extremely unfavorable administrative consequences in the form of the imposition of large fines.
If labor rights and interests are violated, you can immediately contact the authorized government agency, or you can try to resolve the issue within the organization by writing a letter addressed to the manager.
To do this, just write a letter in free form, outlining the essence and your requirements. If you do everything correctly, you can avoid proceedings in other instances. You may need the help of a professional lawyer. A correctly written document is your trump card! Otherwise, you can find a ready-made example of a document on the Internet. To do this, it is enough to create a search request, a sample complaint to the employer.
In order to restore your rights and protect legitimate interests, you can contact the authorities that consider such appeals.
When deciding to use the help of government agencies, you should take into account exactly what right was violated, as well as the following features related to the procedure for referral and the timing of consideration:
Before writing a complaint, you need to decide on its structure and content. A pre-prepared form is suitable for this. A sample complaint can be quickly found on the Internet.
In this case, it is necessary to adhere to the general rules for drawing up a document. The form and text will be approximately the same for sending to the state labor inspectorate, prosecutor's office, police, and will also be suitable for filing a claim with the employer.
The structure will look like this:
A sample complaint will be practically useless when applying for protection in court. A statement of claim is a more complex document. If there are any logical errors in appeals to other law enforcement agencies, such appeals will still be accepted in 99% of cases, but if the statement of claim does not comply with the requirements of the law, it will be returned to the plaintiff to eliminate the comments.
Therefore, if the applicant does not have special legal knowledge, it may be better for him to use the services of a practicing lawyer.
You can draw up an appeal in connection with unlawful actions completely independently, having minimal knowledge about the structure and content of such an appeal.
You can use outside help and involve a legal professional or find a suitable complaint template online. To do this, enter a sample complaint to an employer or a sample complaint against an employer into the search bar of your Internet browser.
A sample complaint can also be found on the official portals of the State Tax Inspectorate or the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation.
Thus, protecting your rights is a simple procedure available to any citizen who is not indifferent to his legal rights and interests.
Every citizen of our country is familiar with black wages. Despite the strange combination of words in this designation, it is actively used in everyday life. In addition to this type of salary, there is also a “white salary” and a “gray salary”. If the latest definitions are more or less clear, then the salary in an envelope remains incomprehensible to citizens from a legal point of view. This is what will be discussed in this article. The reader will learn how to defend his rights, what a complaint to the tax office against an employer is and how to write it correctly. In addition, information will be given about the advantages and disadvantages of this type of remuneration, as well as responsibilities for both the employee and the employer.
The portal provides legal consultations from competent and experienced lawyers and attorneys.
All questions can be asked through the online form. Help is free and available 24 hours a day.
Any transaction contains both positive and negative sides. Labor relations that are not formally documented (agreement) represent the same transaction, but they are reflected differently.
It should be noted that on the one hand, both parties have a financial advantage - such as the absence of payments for insurance premiums and taxes. An employee, for example, may thus not pay alimony or reduce payments for other obligations.
But at the same time, the employee must know and realize that if he wants to go on vacation, and also if he gets sick, these days will not be paid for by the organization. The same applies to maternity and other benefits. While the white type of remuneration provides for these payments.
Significant disadvantages include:
An organization, be it an LLC or an individual entrepreneur, is responsible to many government services: tax inspectorate, Pension Fund of Russia, insurance organization, etc. One of the most important obligations in labor relations is the payment of wages and related contributions.
Thus, the lower the final salary amount, the less the organization will pay in mandatory contributions. In view of this, many companies negotiate with employees on the payment of black wages. Naturally, this is due to profit.
Also, such an agreement allows the employer not to fulfill the conditions prescribed in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation - compensation for vacation, sick leave payments, maternity leave, etc.
To summarize, we can conclude that it is beneficial for the employer to pay wages in an envelope.
And various fines and criminal liability for concealing income are not scary, because... Few employees will write a complaint to the Labor Inspectorate about violations of their rights. That is why employers should not be afraid, because... They believe that the employee is simply afraid of losing even the small money that he is paid.
Tax authorities have the ability and right to monitor tax violations, including if wages are paid in an envelope. If tax officials suspect such payments, and they identify a pattern and collect evidence, the organization will be prosecuted under Articles No. 122 and No. 123 of the Tax Code of Russia. Based on these articles, the organization and responsible people will suffer administrative punishment. However, if the amount of unpaid taxes is significant, then criminal liability arises.
In addition, liability is assumed for non-payment of compulsory insurance premiums. This is regulated in Article No. 27 of the Federal Law “Compulsory Pension Insurance” and Article No. 126 of the Tax Code of Russia.
Black wages, where to complain? This issue worries all workers when their rights are violated and at this moment they begin to seek protection. If the employee was not aware that mandatory contributions are not transferred from his salary, he can safely contact the following authorities:
When contacting the above authorities regarding what to do if they do not pay or if wages are delayed, it is necessary not only to write a complaint, but also to provide evidence that the employer is evading the official conclusion of an employment contract, thereby not paying taxes.
The evidence base includes:
Applications in anonymous format are allowed. To do this, you should send an application by mail to the regulatory authorities and, if possible, attach all the evidence.
Please note that the tax authorities have installed boxes in each of their branches where you can drop off your appeal. So, when asked “How to force an employer to pay a salary,” you should go to such a department and leave a message without disclosing your name.
As a rule, such requests do not go unnoticed. You can be sure that the inspectorate will take all necessary measures if the employer violates applicable laws, incl. tax.
Where to complain if wages are not paid on time or not paid at all? Of course, first of all you need to contact the labor inspectorate. However, this does not mean that you just need to wait for the authority’s decision. Along with the proceedings, you can write a statement to the court. But in this case you will need to provide evidence. We described above what is included in its list.
In addition to the above recommendations, an employee of such a company can contact management with a complaint that there has been a delay in salary and a request to write a receipt indicating the date the salary was issued, as well as the employer’s contact information. This document is proof.
By the way, if an application to the judicial authorities is submitted not by one person, but by a team or group of people, then such an application will be considered faster. Paying black wages and concluding employment contracts with the team will become a mandatory court decision.
The following samples and document forms can be downloaded free of charge on the portal:
General rules for the consideration of civil cases by the court are carried out within two months from the date of filing the application. The period for making a decision on the commencement of legal proceedings takes five days. But, if we are talking about collecting wages, then such a case relates to the labor sphere, which means there is a shortened period for making decisions. It is often easier for an employee to report a violation to IT Russia than to send a complaint to the judicial authorities.
Many people turn to the specialists of our portal for advice - what to do if they receive their salary in envelopes, how to prove it? Let us note that Russian legislation does not provide for a mandatory list of evidence on the basis of which the court will issue a decision to punish the employer. In the article we have already indicated what factors can have a beneficial effect on the outcome of the case, i.e. The more evidence is provided, the higher the likelihood of winning the case.
In view of this, it is recommended to initially send complaints to both the tax and labor inspectorates.
This will allow regulatory authorities to begin an unscheduled inspection of the organization and identify all violations. And the decisions they make will be irrefutable evidence in favor of the plaintiff.
By the way, if you complain about receiving a “gray salary”, which involves concluding an employment contract with a minimum salary, the likelihood of a positive court decision is very high. If the work involves only menial payments, then proving anything is quite problematic.
If you are faced with such a situation, it is recommended to get a free consultation from the specialists of our portal. Lawyers, having delved into the nuances of the case, will be able to provide more detailed information on what needs to be done and how to force management to pay the money owed to you.
Consideration of the case on an individual basis leads to the employer being held liable. If fraud is proven, a fine will be imposed on the organization, and officials may be held accountable under the Criminal Code of Russia.
In the event that an appeal against the delay in due payment when contacting management has no effect, then you should write a statement to higher authorities - the prosecutor's office, labor and tax inspectorates. In the future, wages can also be obtained by going to court.
It is quite difficult to obtain payment of estimated and due wages after dismissal, especially if it was given in an envelope. However, even in this case, these payments can be achieved. For example, if the salary was paid in an envelope, then contact information should be written on it - who, to whom, where. Even these envelopes can be included in the case. The rest of the list of evidence can be found in this article. As a rule, in such a situation, the money owed can only be returned through an appeal to the judicial authorities. The labor inspectorate is unlikely to help in this matter.