Varicose veins and thrombophlebitis are the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system. They occur in people with approximately the same frequency, which is why many people mistake one ailment for another. If you are predisposed to problems with blood vessels, it is extremely important to know the difference between varicose veins and thrombophlebitis.
Varicose veins are characterized by inflammation and thinning of the wall of the diseased vessel. These two processes provoke an increase in the size of the vein. In 80% of patients, the disease affects the vessels located under the skin, and in the remaining 20% it begins to develop with damage to the deep veins. If we are talking about damage to veins near the skin, then redness, hematomas and bruising are observed when light pressure is applied to the vessel.
Thrombophlebitis is characterized by damage to the inner walls of veins by blood clots. This is due to the fact that blood moves through the vessels very slowly, which provokes the formation of blood clots. With this disease, the temperature rises and moderate pain in the legs is observed. Thrombophlebitis and varicose veins are serious diseases. The first disease is considered the most dangerous, because a thrombus under osmotic pressure can break away from the vascular wall and enter any organ. If the pulmonary artery is blocked, the patient may die.
Varicose veins are considered a more favorable disease. If you start therapy in time, you can stop its development, but this is the case when we are talking about the initial stages of the disease. Unlike varicose veins of the first stage, varicose veins of the third stage are accompanied by large-scale lesions of the veins and skin. Ulcers and erosions are observed; if the disease is not treated, the patient may develop gangrene.
Doctors believe that the main reason for the development of vascular diseases is genetic predisposition. But there are other factors that negatively affect the veins and their structure. These include:
If you do not start prevention in time, you may encounter both of these diseases. Under the influence of varicose veins, the walls of blood vessels are gradually destroyed. They form the basis of blood clots. If the affected vein is not eliminated, the patient may develop thrombosis. A loose clot can travel to the lungs or heart. The main danger is that a person may feel pain in the leg, but blood will not flow to any organ.
What is the difference between varicose veins and thrombophlebitis is not understood by many carriers of these diseases. The main difference between these two ailments is that one cannot be cured, but the other can. If you are a carrier of varicose veins, then you will have to live with it all your life. Weakened vessel walls cannot be restored, so excessively damaged veins are removed. With varicose veins, patients experience the following characteristic signs of the disease:
If the patient remains in a sitting position for a long time, the legs swell even more, and the skin color becomes more bluish. Thrombophlebitis is accompanied not only by swelling, but by severe pain. A blood clot forms on the inner wall of the vessel. It interferes with blood flow, which is why you may see lumps and knots on your legs. The main reason for the formation of blood clots is considered to be a decrease in the amount of plasma in the body. As a result, the blood thickens and moves more difficultly through the vessels.
The external manifestations of the two diseases also differ. With thrombophlebitis, dark spots form on the legs. Places of vein blockage are felt under them. With varicose veins the picture is different. Enlarged blood vessels are visible on the legs. They can be seen quite clearly even without an ultrasound.
Any treatment begins with diagnosis. It is not worth purchasing compression garments on your own and prescribing medications to improve the elasticity of the vascular walls, because It’s not a fact that you have varicose veins and not thrombophlebitis. In the initial stages of varicose veins, drug treatment is used, and in the final stages, the affected veins are removed. Methods for treating blood vessels are described in the table below.
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Thrombophlebitis of the facial veins as a result of purulent-inflammatory lesions of the skin of the oral cavity is extremely rare in the current era of antibiotics. Nevertheless, the relevance of this topic has not disappeared. If the inflammatory process moves to the vessels of the orbit, a life-threatening condition may develop - thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. Thrombophlebitis of the veins of the neck (usually the internal jugular) is a component of the so-called Lemierre syndrome, also a rare disease, the mortality rate of which, with the introduction of antibiotics, has decreased from 90% to 5%.
Inflammation of the wall of the venous vessels of the face with the formation of blood clots in the lumen is quite often preceded and facilitated by injury to a purulent focus localized on the skin: squeezing out or accidental damage to acne and mechanical irritation of carious teeth. The location of the primary focus of infection on the upper lip, chin, wings of the nose and eyelids is considered the most dangerous. Since due to the absence of valves, a retrograde (opposite to the blood flow) spread of the infectious process to the veins of the dura mater is possible.
Veins of the face: 1 - v. temporalis superficialis; 2 - v. transversa faciei; 3 - gl. parotidea; 4 - v. jugularis externa; 5 - v. facialis; 6 - v. submentalis; 7 - a. facialis; 8 - v. labialis inferior; 9 - v. facialis; 10 - v. labialis superior; 11 - ductus parotideus; 12 - ramus profundus v. facialis; 13 - v. angularis; 14 - v. supraorbitalis
Thrombophlebitis of the facial veins is often severe, however, timely treatment begins to quickly eliminate the symptoms. The disease often begins with the appearance of fever, chills, general malaise, and swelling of the face. Sharply painful, “cord-like” lumps appear under the skin along the facial veins. Such a clinic, as a rule, does not raise doubts in the doctor’s diagnosis. Difficulties arise when periorbital edema appears, which may be one of the signs of a complication - thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus.
Therefore, in addition to laboratory tests confirming the inflammatory process in the body, examinations are prescribed to assess the vascular structure of the face, neck and brain. To do this, CT, MRI (with contrast agent) or magnetic resonance venography are performed, which clearly demonstrate the vascular anatomy and possible complications.
During treatment, both local and general measures are used to influence the source of infection. If there are areas of accumulation of pus, they are surgically opened and drained (abscesses and cellulitis). It is also possible to promptly remove blood clots if they are detected. Antibacterial therapy is carried out, the duration of which can be 2 - 6 weeks.
Today, thrombophlebitis of the facial veins is considered a relatively rare pathology. But this does not negate the need for preventive measures to prevent this disease, such as maintaining skin hygiene and timely treatment of foci of infection in the maxillofacial area. Since this can prevent the occurrence of a life-threatening condition - thrombosis of the venous plexus of the dura mater.
Blockage of the cavernous sinus, located at the base of the skull on the sides of the sella turcica, by a thrombus, is a rare but dangerous condition. The flow of venous blood from the brain back to the heart is disrupted. The cause may be any infectious-inflammatory disease of the maxillofacial area, which is accompanied by thrombophlebitis of the facial vessels. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus are bacteria that are most often found in areas of inflammation.
The following symptoms occur with this pathology:
Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CS) is an extremely dangerous condition that requires immediate medical attention, including antibiotics and sometimes the need for surgical drainage.
TCS is the result of a persistent (always present) infection in the maxillofacial area:
As a rule, the clinical picture of the appearance of exophthalmos, ptosis, chemosis and cranial nerve palsy, starting in one eye and then progressing in the other, does not cause difficulties for the doctor in making a diagnosis. To clarify the prevalence and cause of thrombosis, diagnostic studies are carried out:
Photos A and B show ptosis and chemosis of the right upper eyelid; after contrast MRI: C - thrombus partially blocking the lumen of the right superior ophthalmic vein, partial thrombosis of the cavernous sinus (D), partial thrombosis of the inferior petrosal sinus (E) and internal jugular vein (F), pus in the right half of the sphenoid sinus (red arrow in photo D).
According to the ICD-9M code, mortality from cavernous sinus thrombosis does not exceed 20%. Before the advent of antibiotics, it reached 80–100%. The incidence also decreased from 70% to 22% due to earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Infection (ie, purulent facial cellulitis, inflammation of the middle ear and paranasal sinuses), which can spread to the venous plexuses of the brain, is the cause of cavernous sinus thrombosis. Therefore, timely surgical removal of purulent foci is the best way to prevent this pathology.
Before identifying the pathogen, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed intravenously (usually cefotaxime, nafcillin, metronidazole, vancomycin). As soon as the microorganism present in the lesion becomes known, appropriate antibiotic therapy is selected. The benefit of prescribing anticoagulants (drugs that thin the blood) is currently unknown. The use of glucocorticoids is also controversial.
A rare but serious infectious disease that most often occurs among children or young people. It is considered as a consequence of thrombophlebitis of the veins of the face and neck with the development of bacteremia (microorganisms in the blood) or septic embolism (formation of foci of purulent infection in different parts of the body).
In Lemierre's syndrome, bacteria from head and neck infections first spread to the lymph nodes and then to the jugular vein. Which leads to inflammation of this large vessel, the formation of a blood clot containing bacteria in its lumen. Infected fragments of a blood clot can break off and “travel” through the vessels, causing the formation of ulcers in any part of the body, for example, in the lungs, joints, liver, kidneys.
In 1936, Andre Lemierre published a description of observations of 20 patients who developed anaerobic sepsis due to acute pharyngitis (sore throat), of which 18 patients died. At the beginning of the 20th century, this syndrome occurred quite often before the discovery of penicillin. Today, the incidence is 0.8 cases per million population, which has given rise to calling Lemierre's syndrome a “disease of the past.” However, as statistics show, recently there has been a tendency towards an increase in incidence, which is associated with a reduction in the use of antibiotics in the treatment of sore throat.
In most cases, the disease begins as a banal pharyngitis, with characteristic soreness and soreness in the throat. Sometimes the primary foci of infection are located in the maxillofacial area (inflammation of the teeth, ear, paranasal sinuses). Within four to five days, the following symptoms usually appear:
Lemierre's syndrome: A - Swelling of the left half of the neck; B — abscess with lymphadenitis and thrombosis of the left internal jugular vein during coronary computed tomography
If Lemierre's syndrome is not recognized in time, or it is started to be treated late, then the following situations are possible:
When diagnosing Lemierre's syndrome, tests are used to identify bacteria in the blood. Ultrasound or computed tomography is used to confirm the presence of a blood clot in the jugular vein of the neck.
Thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and septic emboli in the lungs in Lemierre's syndrome
Antibiotics are usually administered intravenously and therapy lasts two to six weeks. Blood thinners (anticoagulants) may be prescribed to prevent further blood clots. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required: drainage of purulent foci located in the throat, neck or other organs. Sometimes a blood clot is surgically removed from the jugular vein.
Therefore, in order to avoid this problem, preventive measures should be taken - if possible, avoid the appearance of purulent-inflammatory processes in the body. This is especially true for the maxillofacial area. It is necessary to treat stomatitis, gingivitis, otitis, nasal boils, pustular lesions of the skin of the face and neck in a timely and proper manner (not independently, but by turning to specialists). Strict adherence to these rules will reduce the risk of thrombophlebitis.
There are many reasons why thrombosis of mesenteric vessels may occur. It is important to promptly notice clinical manifestations, diagnose and treat the pathology, since an acute process in the intestines and mesentery can lead to the death of the patient.
Due to a number of diseases, even due to stooping, subclavian thrombosis can develop. The reasons for its appearance in an artery or vein are very diverse. Symptoms include blueness and pain. The acute form requires immediate treatment.
Varicose veins and thrombovlebitis are so similar, it is not so easy for the average person to understand the difference between them. What signs and symptoms can help you differentiate between them?
Thrombosis of the central vein develops rapidly, literally from a couple of hours to 2 days, which leads to loss of vision. Signs of a blocked branch are partial or complete blindness. Treatment must be started urgently.
In the lower extremities, thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins occurs most often. It has different forms - acute, superficial, ascending, subacute, saphenous veins. Only timely detection and treatment will protect you from sad consequences.
During the gestation period, the child may develop a pathology such as phlebectasia of the jugular vein. It can be right, left, both internal veins, moderate. Signs are manifested by protrusion, pulsation when coughing, straining. Treatment is surgery.
The SVC or superior vena cava syndrome occurs due to compression due to external factors. Symptoms include dilated veins in the upper torso and bluishness of the face. Treatment consists of removing the symptom complex and treating the underlying disease.
If you notice the first signs of a blood clot, you can prevent a disaster. What are the symptoms if a blood clot is in the arm, leg, head, heart? What are the signs of a mass that has come off?
Thrombosis of the cerebral sinus occurs due to untreated infectious diseases. It can be sagittal, transverse, venous. Symptoms will help you start treatment in a timely manner to minimize the negative consequences.
Varicose veins are often complicated by thrombophlebitis. Both of these conditions affect the veins, but have different symptoms. Many patients have a question: varicose veins and thrombophlebitis - what is the difference between them? Let's try to answer it.
Manifestations of varicose veins, which mainly affect the veins located under the skin of the legs, can be divided into the following groups:
These manifestations persist for many years without causing any complaints. Subcompensation of the disease gradually develops, accompanied by temporary swelling of the feet, ankles, and lower third of the legs. Patients report rapid fatigue and a feeling of fullness after walking or standing for a long time. At night, cramps appear in the calf muscles, often forcing the patient to see a doctor for the first time.
Venous insufficiency is accompanied by a violation of the outflow of blood from the tissues of the legs. Swelling of the legs up to the knees becomes almost constant, although it decreases after rest. The saphenous veins are significantly dilated. Sometimes patients note acute pain in the legs and itchy skin. Gradually, tissue nutritional disorders appear, which are manifested by hair loss on the skin, thickening and darkening. Trophic ulcers may occur.
Properly selected compression hosiery for varicose veins can slow down the disease. There are different types, including special sports ones. It is important to consider the degree of compression.
Varicose veins and thrombophlebitis are often stages of the same process. If the outflow of blood is disrupted, it slows down, the walls of the vessels are damaged, which creates conditions for the formation of blood clots on the venous valves - thrombi. Blockage of a vein by a blood clot is accompanied by its inflammation - thrombophlebitis develops.
The pain gets worse when walking and standing. Swelling of the leg is accompanied by a feeling of fullness and heaviness. The skin below the site of thrombosis is shiny and acquires a bluish tint. After 2–3 days, a pronounced network of dilated saphenous veins appears.
General symptoms may also appear: fever, weakness, chills. With the rapid growth of a blood clot, which sometimes reaches 20 cm per day, thrombosis of the iliofemoral vein is possible, which can ultimately even lead to gangrene of the limb.
The main risk factors for varicose veins:
How to avoid thrombophlebitis with varicose veins? It is necessary to reconsider your lifestyle and constantly prevent this complication. Measures to reduce the risk of blood clots:
What is the difference between varicose veins and thrombophlebitis:
For pathologies such as thrombophlebitis and varicose veins, treatment using conservative methods is similar. Compression hosiery and local agents are used to improve blood flow and prevent further thrombus formation (“Lioton gel”, “Heparin ointment”, “Hepatrombin”). For thrombophlebitis, anti-inflammatory drugs are additionally used, for example, Fastum Gel.
Oral medications are also prescribed. Products that protect and restore the venous wall are used - “Troxerutin”, “Detralex”. For thrombophlebitis, anti-inflammatory substances are additionally used, for example, Nimesil.
Both with varicose veins and thrombophlebitis, it is necessary to consult a doctor in a timely manner. He will not only tell you which brand of compression hosiery to choose, but also prescribe treatment and talk about measures to prevent complications.
In addition, you need to remember that sometimes thrombophlebitis is only one of the symptoms of serious illnesses, such as cancer. Therefore, if you experience sudden pain in your legs, you should immediately consult a doctor.
Patients with problems with the veins of the lower extremities should under no circumstances be left to chance. Complications of varicose veins of the lower extremities are dangerous due to their consequences. Which ones? Find out in our article.
Not every doctor can easily answer how to distinguish between thrombosis and thrombophlebitis, phlebothrombosis. What is the fundamental difference? Which doctor should I contact?
If varicose veins occur at an early stage, Lyoton will help normalize the venous system. The gel contains a large amount of heparin, which increases vascular tone. How to use Lyoton?
The drug Gepatrombin has a strong effect on varicose veins, and ointment, suppositories, and cream help. What is better - Troxevasin or Gepatrombin for varicose veins of the legs? It all depends on the stage of advanced disease.
The diet for thrombophlebitis of the deep veins of the lower extremities is aimed at cleansing the blood vessels. The patient must avoid consuming several foods.
Post-traumatic thrombosis occurs in the absence of adequate treatment. The acute form of damage to the deep vessels of the lower extremities is dangerous due to the detachment of a blood clot. The earlier a clot is detected, the higher the chances of success in treatment.
A diet for varicose veins in the legs helps slow down the development of the disease and is part of a mandatory set of measures in the fight. What should you know about the products?
Varicose veins and thrombophlebitis force us to look for inexpensive but effective treatments. Venarus tablets for varicose veins are often prescribed due to their low cost. What is the course of treatment? Which is better - Venarus or Detralex?
Thrombophlebitis is a blockage of a vein by a blood clot (thrombus), resulting in inflammation of the vessel wall. Very often, this disease develops in women in an “interesting situation” and there are a number of physiological reasons for this.
Not to say that this problem is dangerous, but it can still lead to undesirable consequences, therefore, at the first manifestations of thrombophlebitis, you should seek medical help, which today quickly and effectively eliminates this problem.
During pregnancy (from the very first week), physiological changes begin to occur in the body: intra-abdominal pressure increases and blood thickening increases.
But in most cases, thrombophlebitis is the result of varicose veins ignored before pregnancy.
The situation can become significantly more complicated if a pregnant woman has suffered from an infectious disease, is obese, has heart and vascular disease, or is engaged in sedentary or standing work.
You should also be extremely careful and attentive to your health, since thrombophlebitis can occur two to three weeks after birth.
A woman during pregnancy should be as attentive to her health as possible and, upon discovering the first symptoms of the disease, seek medical help, since manifestations of thrombophlebitis may indicate not only inflammatory processes, but also the occurrence of infection.
When the first symptoms appear, a visit to the doctor is mandatory, since if this disease is not critical for a woman, then it can be fatal for the fetus.
As a result of increased blood clotting in pregnant women, the likelihood of developing blood clots increases 5-6 times compared to others.
As a result, blood clots can form in the vessels leading to the placenta. This, in turn, leads to nutritional deficiency in the fetus. This problem entails the development of defects and death (miscarriage, death) of the fetus.
When going to the hospital with a problem, a woman should know that thrombophlebitis is treated not by one doctor, but by several: a geneticist, phlebologist, gynecologist, hematologist. If only one specialist took on the job, this should alert you. In this case, you should contact another clinic to confirm the diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment.
In principle, the diagnosis of thrombophlebitis in pregnant women is no different from others, with one condition: it must be done immediately.
The only thing that complicates the study is that pregnant women may exhibit nonspecific symptoms indicating varicose veins, so diagnosis can be lengthy. The most important thing is to find a good specialist.
So, to determine the disease you need:
Treatment of a pregnant woman largely depends on the stage of the disease, the timing of pregnancy, the location of blood clots and the condition of the woman herself. If no particular complications are observed, treatment will be carried out on an outpatient basis, but if a risk exists, doctors will prescribe hospitalization.
Thrombosed deep veins located in the lower thigh (if there are no complications) are treated conservatively, using special ointments.
The difficulty in selecting a remedy lies in the fact that almost all drugs are contraindicated during pregnancy, therefore, at the discretion of the doctor and under his strict supervision, the use of some of them:
If the specialist has diagnosed the presence of hemorrhoidal thrombosis or deep vena cava thrombosis, surgical intervention will be prescribed. But if the situation is not so critical, the patient can be under the supervision of doctors before giving birth, and then undergo surgery.
Traditional medicine (as a supplement), in principle, has its place, but under the strict supervision of the attending physician. Remember that a woman is responsible for the health of her unborn baby.
After consultation with the appropriate doctors, specific therapy methods are prescribed that are suitable for pregnant women suffering from thrombophlebitis:
In particularly difficult situations, when an ascending form of the disease is observed in the saphenous vein (great), the doctor prescribes a surgical intervention - thrombectomy (removal of a section of the vein with a blood clot). Ignoring this operation can lead to death.
A pregnant woman diagnosed with thrombophlebitis must undergo high-quality treatment before giving birth and get rid of the disease as much as possible, since, otherwise, the disease can cause complications:
During childbirth, obstetricians must be fully aware of the situation and provide timely medical care to the woman in labor. So, in order to avoid complications, it is very important to carry out the birth carefully, with thorough pain relief.
In order to prevent the possibility of blood reflux and reduce venous congestion during pushing, it is necessary to perform elastic bandaging of the legs of the woman in labor.
When carrying out disaggregant therapy in the second or third stage of labor, Reopoliglucin (400 ml) is used intravenously.
After childbirth, it is important to continue therapy and prevention, since the manifestations of thrombophlebitis after pregnancy are no less than during pregnancy.
The woman should continue to bandage her legs with an elastic bandage (or wear compression garments), get up early, and undergo physical therapy. On the third day after birth, it is mandatory to undergo an ultrasound with a complete study of the condition of the vessels of the lower extremities.
Thrombophlebitis during pregnancy is a wake-up call that you need to pay close attention to the health of yourself and your future baby.
At the first signs of the disease, diagnosis and treatment are necessary, and immediately, since the consequences for the fetus can be disastrous: from developmental defects to death (miscarriage, fetal death).