Help!! What to do, this has been a problem for a long time. The nail grew back, it seemed to disappear for a while, but then it started again. About 2 years ago I went to the doctor and they said there was no fungus. Mom says it's because my toes are big.
I started to feel pain, then a bruise appeared, I thought my shoes were like that, and then it turned out that it was a fungus. She was treated with terbinafil.
But it could also be a fungus. The fungus can be easily and quickly treated with the ASD2 fraction.
Your toes are getting knocked off by improperly chosen shoes. Also, do you have flat feet?
Shoes, walked 18 miles in August and ended up with dark toenails on both big toes. Yesterday I cut off the happily faded blue. Healthy nails grew from August to the end of March.
Inconvenient shoes and the nail plate is simply injured (small blood vessels rupture). Just wait for the nail to grow back and change your shoes. This sometimes happens to me after playing sports (running).
I somehow had this from tight shoes. Stayed away for a long time.
I had this happen after a 1.5 hour descent from the mountain in sneakers))) for over a year my nails returned to normal!
I trampled my nails in June, they are still growing :-) in the summer and during the holidays I painted my toenails with purple varnish, but did not let them fall off so as not to disfigure my feet. I tore it off in November :-)
Why did bruises appear under the nails of my big toes?
I had exactly the same situation happen in July. Maybe some ointments will help! Write if anyone knows please!!
These are symptoms of latent diabetes, if it doesn’t go away, shoes have nothing to do with it, I’ve had this for a year now, I got nervous, these bruises appeared on my little fingers
Maybe heparin-based ointments will help? They are for bruises. But how do they penetrate the nail? It’s thicker than skin, and the bruise is underneath.
Help. After tight shoes, bruises appeared, but they did not go away, I tried to remove the dirt with a nail file, then my nails were cut very short and they no longer grow, the bruises turned brown, the nails became thicker
I have the same bruises on my thumbs. They appeared because of a 6 o'clock disco in narrow shoes)) Now they will grow for about a year ((.
Hematomas on the toes are really an unpleasant thing; if you hurt yourself badly or puncture your nail, it will definitely come off under the pressure of blood. You can try to solve the problem yourself, look here http://perelomu.net/sinyaki/gematoma-pod-nogtem.html, and in order for a new nail to grow faster, you don’t have to wait for a miracle, because sepsis can occur, and a swollen leg is what you need ?
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Bruises on the legs are always an unpleasant surprise. It is not immediately clear why they arise. If their presence in a child is explained by his activity, accompanied by minor injuries, then in adult men and, to a greater extent, women, they can appear on their own. Spots on the body appear regardless of age and cause a lot of inconvenience because they require compliance with a certain dress code.
However, bruises on the legs do not occur without a reason. A number of disorders of the body and diseases lead to their occurrence.
Factors influencing why they appear on the body can be divided into two groups: those related to health conditions and those that appear for other reasons.
The following situations may occur that are not related to serious pathologies.
More serious cases are when there are bruises on the legs, the causes of which are associated with dangerous diseases. In this situation, spots on the body will be an urgent reason for a visit to the doctor.
There are various ways to deal with this complexity. They can be divided into a number of groups.
You always need to know why such stains occur without contact. Even in cases where there is no suspicion of diseases of the circulatory system, you should be scrupulous about your health.
There are a number of methods that speed up the healing process of hematomas. It will not be possible to achieve an instant result, but the period of discomfort will be significantly reduced.
It should be remembered that all such procedures are suitable for a healthy person. If the damage is caused by illness, then all procedures for removing bruises must be agreed upon with the attending doctor.
With injuries to the legs, and not only, a hematoma may appear under the nail in the form of blue or dark spots. This phenomenon is quite common. Blood clots accumulate in the space between it and the skin, causing a bruise to appear on the finger. This bruise is the result of an accumulation of blood formed under the influence of various factors, which is most often observed on the big toe.
The main reasons for the appearance of such a bruise are considered to be a bruise, squeezing the big toe with tight shoes, especially models with a narrow toe. A strong blow to the leg sometimes causes the nail or part of it to fall out of the hole and form a hematoma.
Other causes of hematoma include:
The nature of the pain in the finger depends on the cause of the bruise under the nail. After an injury, severe pain of a pulsating nature occurs, there is a “twitching” of the finger, and swelling. The color of the nail changes - from the initial red to black-purple after a week. If the hematoma appears due to tight shoes, then a sharp, aching, growing pain is noted. The color of the plate changes from bluish to black.
A hematoma under the nails is an unpleasant phenomenon, but not dangerous to health. True, sometimes it can indicate the development of more serious diseases. Cardiovascular diseases and fungus at a late stage of development have similar symptoms. In heart disease, the nails on all fingers turn blue due to lack of oxygen. Local darkening in the absence of injury is more likely to indicate a fungus. If there are no painful sensations that occur after a finger injury, and the plate turns blue, skin itching, peeling, and other signs of fungus appear, then the likelihood of diagnosing it is high.
Remember that a change in the color of the nail plate does not always indicate a hematoma. Dark spots can also occur due to the development of melanoma and other dangerous diseases.
To prevent the appearance of a bruise under the nail immediately after an injury, you need to apply ice to the site of injury for 5 minutes every half hour. If the nail plate is lost due to a strong blow, then you should wash the wound and apply any antibiotic ointment to it.
In case of severe injury, painful bruise, blood accumulated under the nail must be released. To do this, the nail in the area with the hematoma is pierced. It is better to do this in a clinic, entrusting the puncture to an experienced doctor who will carry out the drainage procedure, that is, removal of blood clots.
A puncture at the site of blood accumulation is made with a special instrument. After removing the blood, the doctor applies a damp bandage to the area to cool it. In difficult cases, the nail is completely removed with self-dissolving sutures.
If measures are not taken in time, the nail may move away from the bed, which will remain unprotected from infections.
The sooner first aid is provided, the greater the chance of saving the nail plate.
For small hematomas, self-treatment is possible. If the bruise occupies an area of more than a quarter of it, there is acute pain (possible fracture) or the nail plate is lost due to injury, then you should consult a doctor.
To avoid injuries to the fingers of the lower extremities, you should follow safety rules at work and at home.
A subungual hematoma is a blood clot that has formed under the nail. Such damage can occur on both the fingers and toes. The formation of a hematoma is caused by mechanical trauma - impact, compression, etc.
Subungual hematomas or bruises located under the nails are formed as a result of the accumulation of some amount of blood in the space under the nail plate.
Reasons for the formation of hematomas under the nails:
When a finger is injured in the nail area, the patient feels pain and blood begins to accumulate in the subungual space. The pain is pulsating, “tugging”, and sometimes there is a feeling of fullness. Swelling may form on the injured finger.
The main symptoms of a subungual hematoma are a change in the color of the nail; it becomes red with a bluish tint, then gradually darkens, becoming purple-black.
If the formation of a subungual hematoma is associated with wearing tight shoes, then the pain is not so acute, but does not go away for a long time even after the shoes or shoes are removed. In this case, the nail has a bluish tint, which subsequently acquires a black tint.
If a finger is injured with damage to the nail, it is necessary to apply ice to the area of the bruise or pinching as quickly as possible. If ice is not available, any available cooling methods can be used. For example, use frozen food packages.
To reduce the likelihood of the inflammatory process spreading, you should take some kind of anti-inflammatory drug. For example, Ibuprofen.
If the nail plate is removed as a result of an injury, it is necessary to wash the affected area with antibacterial soap, apply an ointment that contains an antibiotic (Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Syntomycin, etc.) and apply a sterile bandage. With such an injury, the patient must consult a doctor.
To quickly resolve the hematoma, you can use ointments and gels - Troxevasin, Venitan, Venoruton, etc.
If the hematoma is small (no more than a quarter of the area of the nail plate) and there is no severe pain, you can get by with home treatment.
However, there are cases when you cannot do without medical help. You need to contact a medical facility if:
Diagnosis of a subungual hematoma is made on the basis of an external examination and anamnesis (presence of injury in the recent past).
An x-ray may be ordered to ensure there is no bone damage.
To remove blood from the subungual space, drainage is performed. To do this, using a special sterile instrument, a puncture is made in the nail plate in the center of the blood clot.
A sterile bandage must be applied to the finger after removing the blood.
After removing the blood, a damp, sterile bandage is applied to the injured finger. This is necessary to cool the injured area and prevent the nail from healing too quickly. Typically, no other treatment is required after this procedure.
For severe injuries, complete removal of the nail and suturing may be indicated. In this case, another 1-2 consultations with a doctor will be required. Suture material, as a rule, is self-disintegrating, which means no suture removal is required.
If nylon was used for suturing, then the suture material is removed for 5 - 7 days.
Treatment with traditional methods can be used only for small subungual hematomas and full confidence that there is no bone damage.
The best remedy for hematoma, including subungual hematoma, is cold. The sooner a cold object (ice) is applied to the site of the injury, the smaller the bruise will be.
To treat subungual hematoma, use a solution of potassium permanganate.
If the hematoma has already turned black and the pain has subsided, you can use a solution of potassium permanganate. To do this, prepare a strong (dark cherry-colored) solution of potassium permanganate and heat it. The solution should be hot, but not scalding. Dip your finger into the solution and leave for 15-20 minutes. This bath helps soften the nail plate and remove dried blood.
To relieve the “tugging” pain, you can tie a leaf of white cabbage to the injured finger.
After draining the subungual hematoma, the pressure decreases and the pain subsides. Recovery occurs quite quickly. If the nail injury was serious, a complication may arise in the form of nail deformation and abnormal growth.
Prevention of the formation of subungual hematoma consists of following safety rules when performing various works. In addition, you need to be careful to avoid injuries at home.
When choosing shoes, you should give preference to comfortable models that will not put pressure on your fingers and nails.
Hello, Vera! To understand how to get rid of bruises under your nails, you should first understand why and for what reasons these bruises appear there.
Subungual hematomas, or bruises under the nails, occur as a result of the accumulation of blood when the nail plate is damaged. The most common cause of such hematomas is pinching of fingers in doors. They are usually very painful.
The cause of a bruise under the nail plate can be not only an injury such as being caught in a door, but also simply a blow. And if bruises appear under the toenails, the cause may be wearing tight dress shoes. Since it creates constant pressure on the nail plate.
Sometimes it happens that your fingers are simply stepped on somewhere on public transport, and this causes bruises.
With such mechanical damage to the nails, it is better not to try to remove the bruise yourself, but simply wait until the nail grows a little and you can cut off the damaged part. By the way, regular pressure from shoes on the nails can also cause not only bruises, but also detachments on the nail plate, or its rejection from the pad, that is, onycholysis. In such cases, I would advise you first of all to give up shoes that create pressure on your nails and discomfort when walking. And, secondly, contact a pedicure specialist in a beauty salon. So that he removes all detachments from the nail plate and seals them. Also pay more attention to home nail care: use specialized strengthening coatings, and regularly soak your feet in baths with sea salt. This helps strengthen nails.
Subungual hematomas (subungual hemorrhages), in which mechanical damage is excluded, can appear under the influence of drugs - due to long-term combined use of medications. Therefore, it is worthwhile to reconsider, if possible, taking these medications, or approach the treatment of the underlying disease more delicately and carefully. Maybe replace some medications with others, or even give them up altogether.
Abnormal nail color can also be mistaken for bruises. For example, blue-black nail color may indicate melanoma and nevi (growths on birthmarks). In this case, it is better to consult a doctor.
If the bruises are of mechanical origin, you can try to get rid of them faster with the help of pharmaceutical venotonic creams/gels, such as: Troxevasin, Venoruton, Venitan, etc.
Do bruises appear on your legs for no reason? Run to the doctor immediately. Such manifestations often indicate serious pathologies that can affect both the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system.
Typically, bruises on the legs appear as a result of mechanical damage to the skin of the lower extremities, for example, due to a blow or bruise. The appearance of a bluish color of the skin is caused by compression and rupture of blood vessels at the site of the impact, resulting in the formation of a subcutaneous hematoma, which appears on the skin in the form of a bruise.
Bruises on the legs cannot occur without a reason. The reason for this may lie in the internal processes occurring in the body. Most often, such symptoms occur when there is poor circulation, depletion of arterial walls, or internal hemorrhages.
This can happen due to a lack or excess of substances such as selenium, cobalt or calcium in the blood. In some cases, bruises can form as a result of sepsis, asphyxia, or frostbite of the skin.
In addition, the formation of blue spots on the legs can be caused by taking certain medications that contain substances that slow down blood clotting. And if the walls of the capillaries are too thin, when they rupture, internal hemorrhages occur, which lead to bruising. These substances include acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen and naproxen.
It is also worth noting that bruises on the legs can occur due to a deficiency of vitamin C in the body. Since it is he who is involved in the process of strengthening the walls of blood vessels and small capillaries. You can replenish its reserves very easily. To do this, you need to drink a little lemon juice diluted with water after each meal.
But for people who suffer from inflammatory diseases of the stomach and duodenum, this method of replenishing vitamin C in the body is not suitable, as it can lead to an exacerbation of the disease. In this case, you need to take vitamin complexes, which will also help replenish vitamin K reserves, the deficiency of which can also lead to bruises on the legs and other parts of the body. This chemical element, like vitamin C, is responsible for blood clotting.
If you have bruises on your legs for no reason, then you may have some disease that contributes to the destruction of capillaries and worsening blood clotting.
All of these diseases are quite serious and should only be treated by a qualified doctor. This requires taking special medications that help strengthen the walls of the arteries and resolve blood clots, if any. In some cases, physical therapy may also be required.
The appearance of bruises on the legs cannot just happen. Quite often the reason for this is poor nutrition or vitamin deficiency. Sudden changes in body weight, frequent stress, overwork - all this can lead to disruptions in the functioning of the nervous system, which also affects blood circulation. Therefore, this can also cause bruising on the legs.
In addition, this disease is quite often noticed in nursing mothers and people suffering from liver pathologies.
In some cases, the “culprit” for the appearance of bruises on the legs may be thin skin and the close location of capillaries to it. Moreover, even minor impacts can lead to the formation of blue spots on the lower extremities.
If bruises appear on your legs, and you have not received any injuries before, then in this way your body gives you a signal that some disturbances are occurring in it. Therefore, the best preventative method in this case is timely diagnosis of diseases. And since most pathologies do not manifest themselves in any way at the initial stages of their development, you should periodically (every 6-12 months) undergo examinations in medical centers.
In addition, do not forget about your diet. After all, a lot depends on him. Your diet must include fresh vegetables and fruits, as well as meat and fish products.
Don't forget about sports. It helps not only strengthen muscles, but also increase vascular tone. It is not at all necessary to start playing professional sports.
It's enough to just walk more and use the stairs instead of the elevator.
Foot massage also helps strengthen blood vessels. They should be carried out regularly. It is also advisable to take vitamin complexes.
If you already have bruises on your legs and you want to quickly get rid of them, then modern topical pharmaceuticals can come to your aid, which promote the resorption of bruises. They are applied to the skin, usually 2-3 times a day.
You can also use traditional medicine. A compress made from raw potatoes has a resolving effect. Take one small potato, wash it under running water and grate it on a fine grater along with the peel. After which it is applied to the bruise, wrapped in film and secured with a bandage.
Remember that bruises on your legs cannot appear without a reason. If they occur frequently, you should contact a specialist, since in some cases this symptom can also manifest itself as cancer.
Bruises can appear from a strong blow, contusion, or compression. However, the cause can also be various disturbances in the functioning of the body. If they appear, you should consult a doctor.
Bruises and hematomas on the body occur mainly due to subcutaneous hemorrhages due to a blow or injury. Bruises on the hands and fingers are no exception; they most often appear due to external mechanical influence. The reasons in this case are clear and treatment will be aimed at eliminating the consequences of the injury.
If a bruise appears for no apparent reason, then this is a reason for concern and a thorough medical examination. This may indicate a lack of vitamins, an inflammatory disease of internal organs, or diseases of the circulatory system. Treatment should begin as early and correctly as possible. This is why you should not delay visiting your doctor in this case.
This is an inflammatory disease that affects the small vessels of the skin. It is based on complex autoimmune mechanisms and malfunctions. As a result of inflammation, capillaries rupture and blood enters the subcutaneous tissue. This manifests itself as a bruise on the body and arms.
This vitamin is necessary for hematopoiesis, affects capillary permeability, and is involved in regulating blood clotting. Its deficiency can lead to increased bleeding and bruising. More often the gums begin to bleed, and then the upper extremities.
That's why foods high in vitamins should be included in your diet every day. Vitamin C is found in large quantities in citrus fruits, green onions, tomatoes, rose hips, cranberries, strawberries, gooseberries, and pineapples. To replenish the supply of this vitamin, you can take special medications or a vitamin complex, which can be prescribed by your doctor. Surely many people know ascorbic acid or ascorbic acid, this is vitamin C.
High levels of this vitamin are found in cherries, buckwheat, red pepper, and chokeberry. Why is the presence of this vitamin important? Because it is necessary to strengthen skin structures, strengthen blood vessels and affect the permeability of small capillaries. To prevent its deficiency in the body, it is recommended to drink fresh green tea and eat fruits and vegetables.
There is a large group of diseases that can cause bruises and hematomas, for example, bruises on the arms can be a sign or consequence of:
A hematoma on the arm (vein or finger) can be caused by excessive physical exertion, hormonal imbalances and the abuse of certain medications.
A bruise may also appear on a vein or finger after a routine blood test. This occurs when the injection site is not clamped tightly. If you press the injection site for 2-3 minutes, you can avoid the appearance of an unpleasant bruise on your finger or vein.
Older people are more likely than others to experience problems with bruising on the body. Why does this happen because blood vessels become more fragile and brittle with age, that is, the reasons lie in aging.
As mentioned above, bruises appear on the arms, most often from a strong blow, bruise or strong compression. Children and women are especially prone to bruising due to their more delicate and sensitive skin, people with a genetic predisposition and the elderly.
Characteristic signs of a hematoma caused by a blow:
Some minor bruises and hematomas that appear after an injury go away on their own and do not require any special treatment. You can gradually reduce them at home using improvised means. Today, in addition to traditional medicine methods, there are many more medications for the treatment of hematomas that appear on the arm, vein or finger.
If a bruise on the arm is the result of a minor injury and is accompanied by either subcutaneous or intramuscular hematomas, going to the hospital and hospitalization is not required. Extensive hematomas and fractures of the limbs may be the reason for seeking medical help and mandatory medical examination. Treatment in this case should be started as early as possible; it is complex and individual.
Over time, suppuration of the affected area of skin may occur as a result of insufficiently active resorption of stagnant blood. In such a situation, treatment should be carried out by a doctor, who usually pierces the skin in the area of the hematoma and removes all the blood that has accumulated under the skin.
It is necessary to know the basic first aid for getting rid of hematomas on the hands, in particular on a vein or finger, resulting from a strong blow or bruise. The first aid in case of injury and the subsequent appearance of a bruise is to limit the mobility of the limb, a tight bandage and a cold compress. This will help relieve pain and reduce the formation of swelling and hematoma.
If you have a hematoma on your hand as a result of a blow or bruise, you can speed up treatment using simple techniques and methods of traditional medicine. First of all, you should apply a cold compress or ice pack to the bruised area, this will relieve swelling and relieve pain. In some cases, a tight fixing bandage is applied, but it is only applicable on injured limbs.
After a few days, bruising can be treated with warm compresses, absorbent medications, and physical therapy. To do this, use various ointments and gels containing bodyaga and hirudin. Heparin ointment or Lyoton 1000 helps well in the fight against bruises.
Among the simplest and fastest ways to get rid of bruises using folk remedies are the following:
If hematomas resulting from a minor injury are not a cause for great concern, then those caused by other reasons should be a cause for concern. Since this may be a signal of the onset of a dangerous disease, and only an experienced doctor will be able to find out the causes of their occurrence.
If bruises appear on your arms not from a blow, you should definitely undergo a medical examination. Diagnosis requires a general medical examination and at least a general blood test. Based on his data, additional examination may be required.
Bruises on the legs can appear unexpectedly. And not necessarily due to impacts, when the subcutaneous capillaries are damaged. Bruises sometimes appear on the legs, even if the person did not hit anything. And most often it is women who complain about such cases. Moreover, age and complexion do not play a role. Bruises on the legs for no reason in women primarily appear on thin and delicate skin.
Of course, most often bruises appear from impacts on hard objects or as a result of a fall. For example, in icy conditions. But what to do when bruises appear on your legs for no reason, even hematomas? If this phenomenon becomes permanent, it is best to consult a doctor. Mostly, bruises occur on the legs, because it is there that blood circulation is slowest. But there are a number of diseases that cause bruises. Only doctors can determine them, so you shouldn’t delay visiting them.
A bruise cannot appear so easily, out of nowhere. There are definitely reasons. Just not external (for example, due to an impact), but internal. The body may lack the necessary substances, or, on the contrary, there may be a large excess of them. When bruises appear on the legs, the reason may be due to a lack of selenium, calcium and cobalt in the blood. Sometimes bluish spots appear due to sepsis, asphyxia, or tissue hypothermia.
Why do bruises on the legs appear after taking certain medications? For example, aspirin. And the reason lies in the fact that it slows down blood clotting and promotes subcutaneous hemorrhages. And if the capillaries in the legs are weak, this will speed up the appearance of bruises. Naproxen, Ibuprofen and other types of analgesics can have the same effect.
If bruises appear on the legs for no reason, then this is possible due to a lack of vitamin C in the body. It is he who is responsible for the strength of the capillaries. To replenish it, it is enough to drink a little lemon juice diluted with water every day after lunch. Just half a piece of fruit is enough. Squeeze the lemon into a glass and add water.
Vitamin K deficiency also leads to the appearance of bruises. Thanks to it, normal blood clotting is maintained in the body. If there is not enough vitamin K, then subcutaneous hemorrhages (hypovitaminosis) are observed. Basically, there are not enough vitamins after winter, when the body is exhausted. To replenish them, you just need to add broccoli or Brussels sprouts to your food. Or consult a doctor who will prescribe vitamin complexes after receiving test results.
Bruises on the legs often form even with genetic diseases. In this case, a person begins to avoid injuries from childhood. And the unexpected appearance of hematomas is already a familiar phenomenon for him. There are a number of diseases in which bruises on the legs can appear without visible damage:
Bruises can suddenly appear due to an incorrect or disrupted diet or vitamin deficiency. Often with sudden weight loss, stress, overwork, that is, any negative effects on the nervous system.
Bruises on the legs for no reason in women who are breastfeeding appear if the body is severely weakened. Often, the appearance of hematomas is caused by hormonal imbalance, lack of calcium, or a diseased liver. If bruises appear after injections, then the culprit is most likely poor blood clotting.
When bruises appear on your legs for no reason, this may be a warning of a serious illness. Therefore, you should worry about your health in advance. To do this, you just need to play sports, use the stairs instead of the elevator, ride a bike, ski. Do a foot massage.
The diet must include apricots, carrots, kiwi and all citrus fruits. It is very good to take contrast baths. At the same time, the vessels are noticeably strengthened. The procedure is best performed in the evenings. After dousing, you need to use ointments and take a complex of vitamins.
In pharmacies you can buy special ointments containing vitamin K. You need to rub them in twice a day to prevent bruises, but if they have already appeared, then three times.
Bromelain is taken between meals, 150 mg. This enzyme is extracted from pineapples and promotes the breakdown of proteins. "Arnica" is taken to prevent bruises - 1 dose. For the first three days, you can drink it twice a day with breaks of 4 hours.
Massage can also help with bruises on the legs. It is enough to find only 15-20 minutes a day for him. Moisturizing cream is applied to the skin. The massage begins from the toes to the heel, then to the lower leg and thighs.
Heparin ointment is a very effective remedy for combating bruises. It contains a component that thins the blood at the site of blueness. You can also buy badyagu herb in pharmacies. Sold in powder form. How to take it is indicated in the instructions.
A good remedy for bruises is lead lotions. They are excellent at helping to resolve blue spots and bruises. Among the ointments, “Indovazin”, “Troxevasin” and “Rescuer” have proven themselves to be excellent.
There are many traditional methods for treating bruises. One of the simplest is available to everyone. You will need salt and onions. It must first be grated on a coarse grater. Then it is mixed with a tablespoon of salt. The mixture is placed in gauze and applied to the bruises. You need to keep it for 10 minutes. 2-3 times a day is enough.
Potato starch is mixed with water until thick and applied to bruises for half an hour. After a couple of days the blueness will begin to go away. You can use salt and vinegar. This recipe is suitable for those who cannot stand the smell of onions, or if there is no starch in the house. Take 250 g of vinegar and dilute 1 teaspoon of salt in it. Soak a cotton swab in the resulting solution and apply it to the bruises for half an hour twice a day.
How to get rid of bruises on legs quickly and effectively? An alcohol tincture of propolis and castor oil are taken. They are mixed and applied to the blue areas in the form of a compress.