Hygroma (bump or synovial cyst) is an accumulation of serous-mucous or serous-fibrinous fluid in the cavity of the periarticular or newly formed synovial bursa, which has the appearance of a tumor-like formation. Such a tumor can reach 0.5-5 cm in diameter.
Hygroma has a round or irregular shape. With hygroma, the skin with subcutaneous fatty tissue stretches slightly and remains mobile. The skin over the tumor may remain unchanged or become thicker and rougher. The cyst wall is made up of dense connective tissue, which in some cases is multilayered.
The contents of the hygroma can have an elastic, hard or soft consistency. Most often, there is gelatinous content inside the hygroma, which is yellow in color in old formations.
Common locations for hygromas are areas of the body that are continuously exposed to mechanical stress, including: the dorsum of the wrist joint, the dorsum of the foot near the cuboid bone, in the area of the knees, elbows, and hands. Occasionally, hygromas occur on the forearm and ankle joint.
- due to chronic bursitis (inflammation of the mucous bursae, mainly in the joint area) or chronic tendovaginitis (inflammation of the tendon sheath - the connective tissue sheaths surrounding the tendons), provided that the inflammatory process is accompanied by profuse sweating of protein-rich fluid from small blood vessels.
- as a result of regular injuries.
- constant load and prolonged pressure on the joints (typical for people in certain professions, for example, musicians, knitters).
- due to incorrectly selected shoes.
- after childbirth, some women often develop hygroma of the wrist, which is caused by regularly lifting the child in their arms (thereby loading their wrists).
The clinical picture largely depends on the size of the hygroma. Hygroma rarely causes pain, especially if it is small. Therefore, if the tumor is not located in a visible area of the body and does not increase in size, then people do not take any measures to remove it.
As the size of the hygroma increases, a dull pain appears in the area of the corresponding synovial bursa, caused by its stretching and intensifying with physical activity.
In the case of hygroma compression of the neurovascular bundles, hyperesthesia (increased skin sensitivity) and paresthesia (sensation of numbness of the skin, crawling, and other things in diseases of the nervous system, peripheral vessels), neuralgic pain and venous congestion are associated.
Upon examination, the skin over the hygroma is smooth and mobile, and with hygromas arising from chronic trauma caused by professional activity, the skin is often thickened and rough to the touch.
With hyperkeratosis (excessive thickening of the stratum corneum of the skin due to prolonged pressure, friction) and proliferative changes in the wall of the synovial bursa, the hygroma can become dense and inactive.
Types of synovial cysts (hygromas of the hand):
— mucosal cysts arise as a consequence of deforming arthrosis of the joints. Their formation mainly occurs at the distal interphalangeal joint. Hygroma of the finger is observed at the base of the nail at the site of the nail phalanx. This occurs when osteophytes, in deforming arthrosis, irritate the skin, then the tissues and the capsule-ligamentous apparatus. Here a formation, hollow inside, appears, which is a transparent capsule with jelly-like contents.
Mucosal cysts are treated with excision. After removal of the cyst, plastic surgery is performed, usually with free skin grafts.
- tendon ganglia are cysts that arise from the sheaths and walls of the tendons, and their symptoms are dense peas that arise in the area of the flexor tendons. This type of hygroma of the hand causes not only pain, but can also limit motor functions.
A tendon ganglion is treated by removing the formation; this is a fairly simple and effective operation.
The choice of treatment method depends mainly on the size of the tumor. Treatment of small hygroma can be carried out using conservative methods, among which paraffin applications and UV irradiation are the most widespread.
The use of conservative treatment methods can be prescribed under the condition of long-term release from physical labor associated with constant trauma to the affected synovial bursa.
It is also possible to use repeated punctures of the hygroma with aspiration (suction) of its contents, as well as the introduction of glucocorticosteroids into the lumen, after which it is necessary to apply a compression bandage.
Surgical intervention (bursectomy) is the most effective treatment for hygroma. It is used for the following indications:
- pain, especially when moving the joint;
— restrictions on joint flexion and loads on it;
- rapid increase in the size of the hygroma;
- cosmetic defect (unaesthetic appearance).
Excision of a small or medium hygroma takes place under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis and takes no more than half an hour. During the operation, the hygroma capsule is isolated to the very point where its stem communicates with the joint and is completely removed along with its contents. Sutures are placed and removed 7-10 days after surgery. For large hygroma sizes and complex localization, the operation is performed under general anesthesia in a surgical hospital.
Treatment of hygroma with folk remedies:
- using a copper coin: first you need to press hard on the tumor, and then apply a copper coin to it, and, pressing tightly, fix it on the hygroma with a bandage. Do not remove the resulting bandage for three days (you can leave it on longer).
— salt compress: dissolve a lot of iodized salt in 0.5 liters of boiling water. When the solution has cooled, soak a small wool cloth in it, use it to wipe the hygroma, and then wipe the area dry with a towel. Next, thoroughly shake the container with the solution so that there is no sediment in the solution, and apply the solution to the affected area of the skin. After this, cover the hygroma with a dry wool cloth, put paper on top, and secure it all with a bandage. Leave the compress overnight and do it for 10 days.
— cabbage juice: cut the cabbage into pieces and pass through a meat grinder, squeeze the juice through cheesecloth. Take 0.5 cups of juice 2 times a day (morning and evening before meals) for a month.
- compress with physalis: pass the fruits of physalis through a meat grinder. Apply the resulting mixture to the hygroma before going to bed. Cover with a cotton napkin, plastic wrap, and secure with a bandage. Remove in the morning. In the evening, wash the hygroma with warm soapy water and apply the mixture again.
- alcohol compress: apply a compress of cotton cloth soaked in 70% alcohol to the hygroma, cellophane on top, then warm woolen cloth (or a warm scarf). Attention: if it starts to bake too much, remove it to avoid getting burned!
— calendula compress: 200 g of calendula flowers, pour 0.5 liters of vodka, leave for 4 days. Make compresses on the hygroma from the resulting infusion.
A cyst is a pathological neoplasm, which is a cavity filled with liquid or a jelly-like component. Such tumors are benign in nature and sometimes resolve on their own, especially in newborns and young children.
Also, the cyst can gradually progress and increase in size, in which case it begins to compress the tissues that surround it and cause pain. If the tumor reaches too large a size, it bursts and its contents leak out, in which case severe pain and tissue inflammation can occur. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the cyst; at the initial stage, this is usually done using conservative methods.
A synovial cyst of the popliteal region is a benign degenerative neoplasm, which is a cavity under the knee filled with articular fluid. Articular hernia occurs most often in the hip and knee joints; less commonly, the disease affects the hands and feet, shoulder joints and spine.
A synovial cyst of the knee joint is usually quite dense to the touch, but at the same time elastic; its size can change over time and reach several centimeters. A doctor is usually consulted when the cyst is 2-3 centimeters in size and begins to be palpated or bulges out a little.
Most often, the disease affects older people; at this age it usually accompanies arthritis and occurs as a secondary symptom. Sometimes synovial cysts can appear in young children.
A synovial cyst of the knee joint is usually a secondary disease and occurs due to an infectious disease or degenerative changes in the joint. At a time when the joint undergoes an inflammatory process or other changes, a large amount of synovial fluid is produced, in which case the excess can flow into the cavity of the knee joint and remain there, forming a cyst.
Sometimes a synovial cyst occurs even in a healthy knee; in this case, a hole forms between the joint capsule and the free cavity of the knee joint through which joint fluid leaks. This type of disease occurs in young children.
Other causes of synovial cysts:
It is important to note that the disease can also be triggered by an incorrect lifestyle, vitamin deficiency and physical inactivity. The fact is that in these cases the joints suffer to one degree or another and can be severely damaged, provoking a number of serious diseases.
A ganglion cyst of the knee joint, which is the formation of several lumps, can occur in women suffering from hypermobility of the joints and after injuries.
At first, the disease is usually asymptomatic, since a small popliteal cyst does not injure surrounding tissues and does not cause inconvenience, but as soon as the tumor grows, the following signs may appear:
It is important to note that symptoms may vary from person to person. Some people complain of severe pain, while others are bothered by a slight stiffness in movement and nothing more. Therefore, if at least one of the above symptoms appears, it is best to consult a doctor immediately. If the disease is allowed to progress, there is a risk that the cyst will burst and cause serious complications; in other cases, it will have to be removed surgically.
First of all, when visiting a specialist, you will have to answer his questions; this is necessary to collect an anamnesis and make a preliminary diagnosis. The doctor asks the patient what diseases he has suffered from and whether there have been any injuries recently. The patient’s lifestyle, where he works and how he eats also plays an important role.
For example, very often joint disorders occur in people who engage in professional sports where the load on the joints is increased. These could be bodybuilders and even figure skaters whose knees suffer first. Also, the disease can occur to a greater extent in those who lead an absolutely passive lifestyle. When diagnosing cysts in children, hereditary factors and features of intrauterine development often play a role.
To confirm or clarify the diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe the following studies:
Depending on the cause of the cyst, its size and the inconvenience it causes, the doctor may prescribe other examinations to clarify the diagnosis. But most often, an ultrasound is enough to reveal that a cyst is present and record its size and location.
Synovial cysts of any joint are usually treated with conservative methods; surgery is rarely resorted to. But which method to choose in a particular case is usually chosen by the attending physician, depending on the severity of the disease. It is important to note that with the conservative method there is always a risk of relapse of the disease, which is eliminated when the cyst is completely removed surgically.
Interestingly, a synovial cyst can be reduced in size on its own if you press on it with your finger, then the fluid flows back into the joint, but soon returns back. Naturally, it is impossible to treat a neoplasm using this method; this can lead to rupture of its membrane.
Treatment of cysts with medications is usually not effective. The doctor may prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other medications to relieve pain and reduce inflammation, but this treatment is symptomatic, and the cyst will in no case resolve on its own.
Synovial cysts are usually treated conservatively with medicinal puncture, which is carried out according to the following scheme:
This treatment helps to temporarily get rid of the cyst, but the synovial fluid may soon return again. Only complete removal of the cyst with all its membranes will help to completely get rid of the problem.
Surgery may be prescribed by a doctor in several cases, for example, if the cyst has grown to a gigantic size or it causes severe pain. Also, surgery to remove a synovial cyst is indicated if the disease quickly recurs and progresses, and conservative treatment methods are not effective.
The operation is usually easy and does not require long recovery. Removal is performed under local anesthesia; the operation itself lasts about half an hour. The sutures are usually removed already on the 7-10th day; during this period it is not recommended to load the diseased joint; if the operation was performed on the knee, it is necessary to move it on crutches.
Typically, treatment of any neoplasm, even relatively harmless cysts, should be carried out under the supervision of a competent specialist. Synovial cysts can cause severe pain and grow to gigantic sizes, so you should not delay visiting a doctor if even one sign of the disease is detected.
The use of traditional methods is possible after consulting a specialist and with his permission. It is important to note that if your doctor has prescribed the use of local ointments, you should not mix them with herbal decoctions and other remedies, since an unknown reaction of the components can lead to an allergic reaction and even a skin burn. It is also worth noting that folk remedies are not a panacea, and they cannot replace medications; they are used as a supplement to the main treatment. :
Honey compresses are a very effective remedy. Honey has a resolving and anti-inflammatory effect, so it can be used for synovial cysts. Before the compress, he recommends taking a soda bath; to do this, dissolve 200 grams of soda in a warm bath and lie in it for 15 minutes. This procedure will improve the absorption of active substances from honey.
To prepare a compress, you need to heat the honey to a slightly warm state, the main thing is not to overheat, since at 40 degrees the beneficial substances disappear from it. You need to soak gauze with warm honey and apply it to the sore spot, bandage it on top to keep it in place. You need to keep the compress for 3 hours, during this time you need to relieve the joint, you can just lie on the bed and relax.
As a rule, the prognosis for a synovial cyst is always positive and no serious complications arise. Despite the fact that such a neoplasm cannot become malignant, it is still necessary to treat it, since there is a risk of rupture of the cyst membrane, which always leads to severe pain and inflammation.
With conservative treatment, there is always a risk of relapse of the disease, in which case you will have to undergo treatment again each time. In order to permanently get rid of the disease with constant relapses, you will have to undergo surgery to remove the synovial cyst.
It is known that the disease can be triggered by degenerative changes in joint tissues, various injuries and inflammatory processes, therefore the main methods for preventing the occurrence of joint tumors are as follows:
People who play professional sports or work in heavy production. must visit a traumatologist every 6 months for prevention and, if necessary, undergo prescribed tests. Early diagnosis of a cyst will help to quickly cure the disease without consequences.
A healthy lifestyle plays an important role in the prevention of any joint diseases, so it is necessary to eat a healthy and balanced diet, exercise regularly and stop drinking alcohol and smoking. In this case, the risk of any changes in the joints is reduced several times.
A synovial cyst is a phenomenon that often accompanies arthrosis of the joints. Currently, medicine has extensive experience in eliminating this problem. Patients are offered various conservative methods and full-fledged surgery.
It is important to note that surgical intervention for synovial cysts is much preferable, since it several times eliminates the possibility of recurrent manifestations.
However, the operation is characterized by additional trauma to tissues and systems, so this procedure should be resorted to as a last resort when all other therapeutic methods have failed.
To choose the most appropriate treatment, the doctor should understand the overall clinical picture as best as possible, finding out the symptoms, and most importantly, the cause of the disease.
The synovial type of cyst is a benign formation, which is a cavity with a specific fluid, often with blood.
This phenomenon can affect the legs, spine, wrist or knee joints and other parts of the body.
The person begins to complain of severe pain at the site of the cyst. In addition, some neurological disorders appear.
The affected area is limited in mobility, swelling is observed, and a spherical bulge on the articular joint becomes noticeable. If the spine is affected, then characteristic pain appears in a sitting position.
The legs begin to go numb often and quickly. If the disease becomes chronic, the functioning of the kidneys, digestive tract and bladder is disrupted.
Most often, urination becomes difficult and blood may appear in the urine. If such symptoms have become systematic, you should immediately consult a doctor.
The appearance of a synovial cyst occurs due to the following factors:
General treatment is divided into two directions: surgical and conservative.
Conservative treatment involves performing:
Conservative treatment also involves various physiotherapeutic interventions. First of all, it is worth noting the effectiveness of ultrasound exposure. With this procedure, regeneration processes are significantly accelerated, and the size of the cyst is reduced.
Doctors often prescribe acupuncture and electroacupuncture. Such, not always familiar, procedures increase blood flow in the painful area and improve tone. The patient feels a significant surge of strength, the general condition of the body improves.
In some particularly severe cases, surgical intervention is indicated, and urgently. If the cyst is located on one of the vertebrae, then the purpose of the operation will be to release the compressed spinal roots.
In addition, it is important to improve blood circulation in the affected area and restore normal motor function.
Surgical intervention is only necessary if there is a formation that has reached too large a size and is not amenable to any other influences. Currently, surgery uses innovative methods and modern equipment for these purposes.
All actions are carried out under constant control of computed tomography. This approach significantly reduces the risk of relapses and complications.
A Becker cyst or popliteal fossa cyst is a dense formation in the form of a tumor localized in the popliteal fossa. Becker's cyst is painful on palpation.
The neoplasm is formed as a result of the inflammatory process in the intertendinous bursa. Such bags are observed in half of the population, this is considered acceptable.
If cystic pathology develops, the bursa begins to become inflamed and increases in size, which leads to pain, and movements of the knee joint become painful and difficult.
The diagnostic methods used depend on the area where the cyst is located. The diagnosis can only be made by a qualified doctor using a comprehensive examination.
The main diagnostic studies include:
Additional diagnostic methods are:
Treatment of this disease depends on the timing of the formation. If the cyst has appeared recently, then a regular puncture can be done. The synovial fluid that has accumulated inside will be pumped out with a needle, and in return the cavity will be filled with a corticosteroid solution.
If the disease is in an advanced form and traditional treatment methods are ineffective, then the situation must be resolved through surgery. As a rule, the inflamed tissue is completely removed. Doctors give optimistic postoperative prognoses. The likelihood of complications is quite low.
A hygroma or synovial cyst of the wrist is a small bubble with gel-like contents located on the wrist joint. Hygroma is one of the most common formations on the hand.
When hygroma develops, a characteristic pain occurs in the wrist area, which gets worse with exercise. The phenomenon has a rather unpleasant appearance, moreover, many people fear its oncological nature. However, such doubts are in vain.
Hygroma is treated with quite different methods, but doctors recommend, most often, not to treat this formation. Some doctors believe that the hygroma resolves on its own.
A certain group of doctors is inclined to believe that the hygroma should be crushed without opening the tissue. However, such a procedure is quite painful, moreover, hygroma may appear again.
The best solution: the hygroma is removed using a puncture. A solution with an anti-inflammatory effect is injected into the formation. Hygroma can also be eliminated using ultrasound-guided puncture.
Hygroma does not form again in about a third of patients. If the cyst is large, then after removing the fluid, it is simply necessary to inject a steroid solution into the cavity.
When treatment of hygroma without surgery for a long time does not bring results, surgery is indicated. All surgeon actions are performed under local anesthesia. Surgical treatment lasts about an hour, after which the patient can go home.
For 20 days you need to keep the joint in a certain fixation. The doctor removes the sutures 14 days after they are applied.
Synovial cyst of the spine is a type of periarticular cyst. A cyst can appear on the spinal column for various reasons. But in general, the causes can be acquired or congenital.
Congenital cysts appear during the formation of the embryo. An acquired cyst appears due to:
The treatment is practically no different from the therapy for getting rid of cyst formation on any joint or organ. Either conservative therapy or surgical intervention is necessary.
Doctors talk about a favorable prognosis for synovial cysts. Most patients get rid of the tumor without complications or difficulties.
The recovery period usually lasts several months. Immediately after this, you can lead your usual lifestyle in full. Therefore, with such a diagnosis, you should not panic; you should simply begin competent and timely treatment.
Hygroma on the wrist.
Hygroma in the area of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb.
With long-term, sluggish listed inflammatory diseases, the formation of a cyst shell occurs, which is gradually filled with fluid leaking from numerous small blood vessels. As a result, the capsule fills and a hygroma is formed.
1. Hyperesthesia (increased sensitivity of the skin, in which even light touches seem unpleasant, painful, etc.).
2. Paresthesia (feeling of goosebumps, numbness of the skin, etc.).
It should be noted that the only methods of therapy that guarantee complete cure of hygroma with no relapses in the future are laser evaporation and surgery, during which the tumor is removed along with the capsule, and the damaged surrounding tissue is excised. Such radical removal of the hygroma with the capsule, combined with excision of the affected surrounding tissue, ensures that it does not form again in this area for a very long period of time.
The operation is performed using conventional or arthroscopic techniques. The usual surgical technique involves making a skin incision over the hygroma, followed by spreading the edges of the wound to the sides and holding them in this position. After this, the upper part of the hygroma capsule is grabbed with forceps and held while the rest of the cyst is cut off from the surrounding tissue with the jaws of scissors. When the cyst is completely cut off from the surrounding tissues, it is pulled out, the edges of the wound are aligned and sutures are applied. Sutures are removed 7–10 days after surgery.
During the entire course of physical therapy, a tight bandage should be applied to the hygroma, and movements and physical activity on the affected joint should be limited. If you follow these recommendations in a gentle manner, the hygroma will stop hurting for a while, and the manifestations of compression of the nerves and blood vessels will disappear.
The most effective and safest are the following folk remedies for treating hygroma:
Author: Nasedkina A.K. Specialist in research of biomedical problems.
A popliteal fossa synovial cyst or Baker's cyst forms on the inside of the knee and is a distended intra-articular capsule filled with fluid. The cyst protrudes backwards and can be felt behind the knee. Bursitis, hernia of the knee joint are all other medical names for this disease.
Inside the articular capsule, for various reasons, there is an increase in the secretion of articular fluid; it flows through thin cracks formed by anatomical structures into the intertendinous capsule.
A Baker's popliteal cyst forms under the kneecap; you can feel it yourself if it is large. To do this, you need to sit down a little and feel the area behind your knees.
This disease is insidious in that it belongs to the so-called “silent diseases” and may not have any clinical symptoms for a long time; a person will not even be aware of the existing problem.
This pathology occurs mainly in older people due to metabolic disorders and wear and tear of body cells, but there are rare cases when it is found in young people under 35 years of age, as well as in children.
At the initial stages of the disease, the symptoms are minor and cause barely noticeable discomfort, or the pathology does not manifest itself at all, so with any swelling of the knee, especially if swelling occurs at the back of the knee, it is worth thinking about the likelihood of a Baker's cyst.
Important! It is worth paying attention to even a single episode of knee swelling, as there are cases where the swelling subsides, but the problem remains in place.
A synovial cyst causes the following symptoms:
Numbness and tingling in the leg occur due to the fact that the cyst compresses the nerve trunks and veins. Its main danger is that the vein is compressed, which can result in deep vein thrombophlebitis, which can lead to a stroke. That is, the patient is brought to the hospital with only symptoms, they begin to find out the cause, and as a result of examinations they find a Baker’s cyst.
A Baker's cyst in the popliteal region occurs as a result of injury or inflammation of the joint. A cyst can form due to the following diseases:
Sometimes this problem is idiopathic, that is, it occurs for no particular reason.
After diagnosis, it is necessary to discuss treatment tactics with your doctor; it will depend on the size of the cyst and the manifestation of symptoms. Mostly, doctors prescribe conservative treatment, since the prognosis is generally unfavorable, but in rare cases, the doctor and patient leave it without treatment if it is small. In this case, constant monitoring is required, and if there is a tendency to increase, the patient is referred for surgery.
Drug therapy is usually prescribed to relieve inflammation and reduce pain symptoms. The doctor usually prescribes anti-inflammatory drugs from the NSAID group. Since Baker's cyst most often occurs against the background of other diseases of the knee, drug treatment includes therapy for the underlying pathology.
If the cyst is small, the doctor will prescribe a puncture. The puncture is carried out in several stages:
Basically, manipulations are carried out under ultrasound control. This procedure may have a temporary effect, since the puncture eliminates only the effect, but the cause remains in place and after some time the cyst can grow again.
Most doctors consider this method of treating popliteal cysts to be the most effective. The operation is simple, takes only 20 minutes and is performed under local anesthesia.
The operation is performed endoscopically and includes the following manipulations:
Five days after the operation, the patient is allowed to get out of bed and slowly walk. Two weeks after the procedure, the sutures are removed.
If you follow all the doctor’s recommendations, the postoperative period will pass quickly. The patient must follow the following rules:
If severe swelling occurs after surgery, it is recommended to undergo an ultrasound to rule out thrombophlebitis.
Various warm-ups and massages are prescribed mainly in the postoperative period, for a speedy recovery. After completing a course of therapy, the risk of recurrence of a synovial cyst of the knee joint is reduced.
For Baker's cyst, it is very important to start treatment on time, since with this pathology there is a risk of complications. If the first symptoms of complications are detected, surgery is performed immediately.
When a synovial joint cyst becomes inflamed, there is a risk of developing a purulent process in the cavity. This condition is dangerous because inflammation of the capsule can lead to suppuration of the joint cavity, that is, purulent arthritis will occur, which has an unfavorable prognosis.
It is very rare, but there are cases of cyst rupture; this can happen due to increased pressure on it as it grows. When ruptured, the contents of the cyst pass into the muscles of the lower leg, causing inflammation.
Cyst rupture is accompanied by the following symptoms:
These symptoms are similar to those caused by the formation of blood clots in the vessels of the leg. After examining the patient, the doctor must rule out thrombophlebitis or venous thrombosis, but sometimes it is necessary to treat two or more diseases at the same time.
If the cyst is of a significant size, there is a risk of compression of the veins of the leg and its muscles, which provokes the development of venous thrombosis and varicose veins. The following complications are possible when a vein or muscle is compressed by a cyst:
If there is the slightest discomfort when bending the knee, even in the absence of pain, it is necessary to palpate the area behind the knee, and both legs should be palpated for comparison. It is also necessary to undergo an ultrasound examination of the joint to exclude or confirm the diagnosis. A timely visit to a qualified doctor will save not only nerves, but also money.
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A spherical subcutaneous lump in the wrist area often causes fear and bewilderment. What it is? Why did an incomprehensible formation appear?
There's no need to panic. Hygroma of the wrist is a benign tumor. The bulge is an elastic capsule filled with viscous mucus or fluid. It is important to know which doctor to contact, how to avoid damage to the capsule, and how wrist hygroma is treated without surgery.
A cyst near the wrist joint occurs under the influence of various factors. Many people do not suspect that certain types of professional activity, sports injuries or tissue damage cause the formation of a benign tumor in the wrist area.
The main causes of hygroma:
Hygroma of the hand often does not appear as an independent disease, but develops as a complication of inflammatory processes in the hand area: tendovaginitis, bursitis. Often a benign tumor appears at the age of 25 years or older. Sometimes the main cause is a hereditary predisposition. If one of your relatives has encountered a similar problem, there is a high risk of cysts appearing in members of the younger generation.
In most cases, a small hygroma remains an inconspicuous tubercle in the wrist area for a long time. There is practically no pain or discomfort. Inside the formation are fibrin threads. The capsule most often appears in the area experiencing the greatest physical stress.
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Doctors distinguish two types of hygromas in the wrist joint area:
Classification is carried out according to the number of capsules contained in the tumor. In most cases, a single-chamber formation develops. Several capsules appear in advanced, severe cases, under the influence of improper treatment or the constant influence of negative factors.
A person notices a strange formation after the following signs appear:
If a small lump is detected, you should carefully monitor the formation for several days. If the lump does not disappear, the best way out of the situation is to visit a surgeon.
The doctor will examine the affected area and order an x-ray. To exclude the malignant nature of the neoplasm (if there are doubtful signs), a biochemical blood test, ultrasound, computed tomography, and puncture to examine exudate cells are performed.
You should not independently determine the type of benign tumor, or think about using traditional methods without the advice of a specialist: self-medication often provokes accelerated tumor growth. In rare cases, degeneration of an infected hygroma into a malignant formation is observed.
After clarifying the diagnosis, the doctor will determine a treatment regimen. Treat a cyst near the wrist with conservative methods or remove it: test results and a study of the clinical picture will show. The size of the benign tumor and its location are important. Incorrect therapy often causes harm and provokes complications.
How to treat hygroma? Conservative therapy is successful at an early stage, with a small benign tumor. Modern methods and an integrated approach in most cases guarantee a positive result.
There are also pitfalls. Without removing the capsule, relapses are possible, and the tumor often grows again. Only surgical treatment can get rid of a cyst in the wrist joint forever. But doctors are less likely to prescribe surgery if the hygroma is small and there is no infection: any surgical intervention is associated with certain risks. A competent approach to conservative therapy + correct treatment regimen + patient discipline = positive result even without surgery.
Methods of conservative therapy:
When a benign formation is injured (accidentally or intentionally), pus often accumulates in the capsule cavity and an active inflammatory process develops. If you suspect negative changes inside the cyst, it is important to consult a doctor promptly.
The following signs indicate inflammation:
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Surgical removal of hygroma is recommended in the following situations and symptoms:
Doctors often recommend removing the hygroma even with a medium-sized cyst: the absence of affected tissue inside guarantees that the tumor will not reappear. Even a small fragment of a tumor can give rise to a new formation.
Patients often do not agree to surgery; they have to resort to puncture or sclerosis of the cyst on the wrist. If there are indications for immediate tumor removal, you should not refuse: the later the operation is performed, the higher the risk of negative consequences.
Main methods of surgical treatment:
Which method should you choose? The doctor will advise based on the situation with the tumor in a particular patient. Depending on the severity of the case, local anesthesia or general anesthesia will be used. The postoperative period takes no more than ten days; after removal of the cyst, the patient undergoes outpatient rehabilitation.
After the operation, the patient must wear a special tight bandage. Failure to comply with the condition is one of the factors provoking relapses.
Laser and endoscopic removal of a benign tumor is less traumatic, the risk of infection is lower, and wound healing is faster. The cost of an operation using a laser is from 8 to 9 thousand rubles.
If there is a hereditary predisposition, it is difficult to do anything. In other cases, everyone can reduce the risk of a benign tumor on the wrist.
If you notice a strange lump in the area of the wrist joint, seek help from a surgeon or orthopedic traumatologist as soon as possible. The doctor will prescribe an examination, indicate the cause and methods of treatment. The earlier conservative treatment is started, the lower the risk of complications.
An orthopedist and traumatologist talks about the most optimal method of treating wrist hygroma in the following video: