- Immediately limit your movements and bite the base of the nails on both little fingers until it hurts, then:
- Connect the extended little fingers, and press the remaining fingers to the palm and hold for 20 - 30 seconds. And further:
— Vigorously rub the tips of each finger on both hands.
- Rub the inside of your arm from the elbow to the tip of the little finger until warm.
— Cover fresh lily of the valley flowers with sugar, leave for 1 night and take no more than 0.5 tsp under the tongue.
- 2 tbsp. l. pour 0.5 liters of red viburnum berries. boiling water, boil for 10 minutes, leave for 15 minutes. and drink 0.5 cup. 4 rub. a day before meals.
- 1 stack. hot milk + 0.5 tsp. nutmeg powder + 1 tsp. Stir sugar and cognac and drink only before bed.
- Mix chamomile, lily of the valley flowers, peppermint and motherwort leaves and 1 tbsp. l. pour 1 cup of mixture. boiling water and drink like tea.
For TACHYCARDIA (rapid pulse, heart treatment):
- Drink an infusion of a mixture of red clover heads, hawthorn flowers, peppermint and watch - 1 tbsp. l. mixture for 1 cup. boiling water
For pain in the heart with high blood pressure:
- Drink 1 glass on an empty stomach. warm water with juice of 1 lemon.
- During the day, drink a decoction of potato peelings (peeling with 5 - 6 tubers per 1.5 liters of boiling water, boil for 5-7 minutes).
- Soak the millet in the evening. And for breakfast, cook porridge with dried fruits or pumpkin from it.
- Eggs are only eaten soft-boiled. The course of such treatment is 1.5-2 weeks.
For chest pain, folk remedies for the heart (heart treatment):
— Dissolve 1 tablet under the tongue. pharmacy nitroglycerin. If the pain lasts 10-12 minutes. does not subside, you still need to take 1 tablet. nitroglycerin. If the pain continues for another 10-15 minutes, then you need to urgently call a doctor to avoid a stroke or heart attack.
— In the morning, eat 2-3 boiled potatoes in their “uniforms.”
Prevention of heart pain folk remedies (heart treatment):
— Take 1-2 tsp. hawthorn tinctures. This normalizes both blood pressure and heart function.
— THE MENU includes jam and fresh wild strawberries. Without limitation, drink tea and infusions from the flowers and leaves of hawthorn, viburnum, rose hips, and red rowan.
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The top number, systolic blood pressure, shows the pressure in the arteries at the moment when the heart contracts and pushes blood into the arteries, it depends on the force of the heart's contraction, the resistance exerted by the walls of the blood vessels, and the number of contractions per unit time.
The bottom number is diastolic blood pressure, which shows the pressure in the arteries when the heart muscle relaxes. This is the minimum pressure in the arteries and reflects the resistance of peripheral vessels. As blood moves through the vascular bed, the amplitude of blood pressure fluctuations decreases; venous and capillary pressure depend little on the phase of the cardiac cycle.
Normal blood pressure
Optimal Less than 120 Less than 80
Normal Less than 130 Less than 85
Increased normal 130-139 85-89
1st degree (soft) 140-159 90-99
2nd degree (moderate) 160-179 100-109
3rd degree (severe) More than 180 More than 110
Alcohol intoxication, or alcohol intoxication, is a type of intoxication caused by the psychoactive effect of ethanol. Alcohol intoxication causes changes in a person's psychological, physiological and behavioral functions. With a mild degree of intoxication, behavioral manifestations may be absent, however, for example, the ability to drive vehicles may decrease (due to distraction, slow reaction). More severe stages of alcohol intoxication are usually accompanied by a loss of real appreciation of the situation and the role of one’s own personality, disorders of speech, attention, memory and coordination of movements.
Degrees of alcohol intoxication
There are mild, moderate and severe intoxication. Severe poisoning can lead to coma or death. For adults, the lethal dose of alcohol is 4-8 g per 1 kg of body weight, for children - 3 g per 1 kg of body weight. In practice, the stage or degree of alcohol intoxication is quickly determined by the alcohol content in the blood:
less than 0.3 ‰ - no influence of alcohol;
from 0.3 to 0.5 ‰ - slight influence of alcohol;
from 0.5 to 1.5 ‰ - mild intoxication;
from 1.5 to 2.5 ‰ - moderate intoxication;
from 2.5 to 3.0 ‰ - severe intoxication;
from 3.0 to 5.0 ‰ - severe alcohol poisoning, death may occur;
Rheumatoid arthritis is an insidious inflammatory disease that cannot be recognized at an early stage, since its symptoms are no different from those characteristic of a common cold. Most often, it is diagnosed when the disease moves into the active phase, with the appearance of symptoms characteristic of it.
The disease affects large and small joints, and in a symmetrical order. In addition to joint pain, systemic exacerbations are accompanied by anemia and bouts of fever. Exacerbation of the disease is fraught with inflammatory damage to the heart muscle and kidneys, and the manifestation of neuropathy.
Unfortunately, rheumatoid arthritis is an irreversible chronic disease caused by dysfunction of the immune system. More than two thirds of patients become disabled if treatment is not started in a timely manner.
According to statistics, this disease most often affects women: their number ranges from 70 to 85 percent of the total number of cases.
The onset of rheumatoid arthritis (the onset of the disease) occurs in people aged 30-35 years, although a rare form of juvenile arthritis occurs, which affects children under sixteen years of age.
For all autoimmune diseases, which include rheumatoid arthritis, it is characteristic that they manifest themselves as a consequence of a disruption in the body’s immune system.
During this period, the body’s protective functions are reduced, and protective agents are reformatted. As a result, they begin to destroy their own healthy cells, which are perceived as an external threat.
This leads to the appearance of a chronic inflammatory process, which, when a combination of factors combines, leads to rheumatoid arthritis.
Factors that lead an organism with impaired immune system function to disease constitute the so-called rheumatoid triad:
As already mentioned, in the initial stages, rheumatoid arthritis is very difficult to recognize. The disease lasts for quite a long time, manifesting itself as a common cold, accompanied by pain in the joints of the arms and legs. Most often, small joints are affected first, but in some cases the disease affects all joints at once - both small and large.
Most often, inflammation affects the joints of paired organs - arms and legs. This inflammation is called polyarthritis. If the development of the disease is not stopped in time, it affects the nervous system and internal organs: lungs, kidneys, heart, liver and spleen.
The development of rheumatoid arthritis in most cases can be hidden for a long period, with exacerbations and remissions. Sometimes it manifests itself suddenly and instantly covers the entire body, which inevitably leads to loss of ability to work.
In both cases - with long-term or rapid development of the disease - the joints are deformed, which leads to their functional capacity. Therefore, it is very important to recognize the disease at its earliest stages of development, knowing the general symptoms:
It is not at all necessary that in each case of the disease all the listed symptoms are present - the development of the disease is always individual, and its signs in each person appear at a different period of development.
Most often, evidence of an existing disease is the appearance of rheumatic lumps and deformation of the joints of the fingers and toes.
Scientists from many countries have been developing indicators by which the disease can be diagnosed. The American College of Rheumatology has developed its own system of criteria, which, since 1987, has been accepted throughout the world as the most advanced.
According to this system, the conclusion is made on the basis of clearly defined four of the seven main indicators that are present in the patient’s medical history for more than one and a half months.
Other indicators may have vaguely expressed signs, which is typical for the primary stage of disease development. According to the developed methodology, the diagnosis of the presence of the disease is made based on the following criteria:
In addition to the listed criteria, there are two types of diagnostics that allow you to identify the disease at the earliest stages.
In the absence of clear signs to establish a diagnosis, laboratory diagnostics are necessary to accurately determine the disease. In this case, for research on the presence of markers of rheumatoid arthritis, blood samples and synovial fluid are taken from the inflamed joint and their biochemical analysis is carried out.
These methods are used to clarify the results of laboratory tests already obtained and determine the degree of joint damage.
Among the most common methods of hardware research is x-ray - it is more accessible and provides a sufficient picture of the development of the disease. The only drawback of radiography is that it is impossible to recognize the disease at an early stage.
X-rays of the affected joints can determine the development of rheumatoid arthritis based on the following signs:
If rheumatoid arthritis is suspected, even if there are one or two specific markers characteristic of this disease, it is necessary to carry out differentiated diagnosis.
Only a comprehensive examination will help make the correct diagnosis, excluding third-party causes of inflammation, as well as other factors characteristic of other diseases or of an age-related nature.
Rheumatoid arthritis belongs to a number of chronic inflammatory diseases, so its development, in accordance with certain criteria, is appropriate to be divided into several stages.
To determine the specific stage of the disease, various indicators are used that are most typical for a certain period. External signs of the disease, X-ray data, and the functionality of affected joints are taken into account.
Clinical symptoms are divided into four stages:
X-ray gradation of arthritis development:
The course of rheumatoid arthritis according to the degree of loss of functionality (disability) of the patient is divided into the following stages:
I – the possibility of self-service and the absence of restrictions in professional activities;
II – complete self-service and the possibility of non-professional work, with restrictions in the professional sphere;
III – maintaining the possibility of self-service, in case of loss of the opportunity to engage in any type of activity;
IV – complete loss of functionality.
Prevention of rheumatoid arthritis should primarily be reduced to eliminating factors that can trigger the onset of the disease. First of all, you should get rid of possible foci of the occurrence and spread of infection - caries, tonsillitis, sinusitis.
It is also necessary to avoid hypothermia, increase the body’s resistance to stress, and, if possible, get rid of bad habits. Particular attention to health should be paid to people who are at risk due to hereditary characteristics, as well as to those in whose blood RF was detected during clinical studies.
Despite the fact that rheumatoid arthritis is one of a number of incurable diseases, with timely diagnosis and proper treatment, it can proceed sluggishly, in a dormant mode. Exacerbations occur very rarely, and the time of remission increases.
Practice shows that about 15% of patients who adhere to the prescribed treatment lead a full lifestyle. However, one should not lose sight of unfavorable factors that can significantly worsen the prognosis and lead to loss of health and disability, which can be found in detail in the video in this article.
Pain syndrome of varying locations and intensity accompanies us throughout our lives, occurring with a certain frequency. Most often, this is not a significant pain that does not cause serious concern. But when pain comes in the heart area and radiates to the arm, most people are seized with a slight panic. Nobody wants to joke with their heart.
Although the location of the pain would seem to accurately indicate heart disease, this is not always true. Painful sensations in the chest can be caused by completely different diseases.
There are two causes of chest pain:
This group includes heart diseases that interfere with its normal functioning. With such pathologies, the heart vessels, myocardium and heart valve are affected. Incurable diseases that gradually destroy the human body, such as diabetes, can lead to heart damage.
Most often, heart lesions occur with minimal symptoms against the background of the underlying disease. Often the only symptom is regular pain in the heart that radiates to the arm.
Heart injuries can occur as a result of chest contusions. When a blow hits the ribs, hematomas appear, which can be located both on the surface and inside the organ.
Tumors in the heart are quite rare. The reasons for the development of tumors in the heart are not fully understood.
Heart bruises are characterized by pain at the site of the bruise and pain in the chest. Typically, pain occurs immediately after injury; in more rare cases, it may have a delayed onset.
Neoplasms in the heart are asymptomatic in most cases. In some cases, the heart hurts and the hands go numb.
And in the case of neoplasms and contusions of the heart, they are treated with surgical intervention. Minor bruises often do not require special treatment other than taking painkillers.
To relieve pain from heart bruises, compresses from traditional medicine help. For example, plantain ground into pulp can significantly alleviate the condition of a bruise.
Disturbances in the rhythm of contraction of the heart muscle are commonly called arrhythmia. Occurs as a result of excessive physical activity, obesity and severe heart disease. There are several types of arrhythmia:
Arrhythmia is characterized by a dull pain behind the sternum, accompanied by tremor in the chest. In severe attacks, numbness of the fingers, breathing problems and loss of consciousness are observed.
Sometimes a small massage is enough to relieve an attack:
For drug treatment, depending on the type of arrhythmia, the doctor may use potassium, calcium, sodium channel blockers, as well as beta blockers. In addition, adrenaline and dopamine can be used.
Only a doctor can determine the type of arrhythmia and prescribe adequate treatment. Incorrectly selected drugs can cause the death of the patient.
Heart diseases, the origin of which is not clear, are called cardiomyopathy. This diagnosis is made when it is not possible to unambiguously classify a group of heart diseases.
With cardiomyopathy, there is constant persistent pressing pain in the chest. Accompanied by swelling of the legs, shortness of breath and dizziness.
Unfortunately, cardiomyopathy cannot be completely cured. All medical procedures in this case are aimed at eliminating symptoms and controlling heart failure. The mortality rate among such patients reaches 70% in the first 5 years.
An inflammatory process in the pericardium, which causes excessive fluid accumulation and thereby impedes the functioning of the heart muscle. Pericarditis rarely appears as an independent disease. Most often, it occurs as a complication after suffering autoimmune or viral diseases (lupus, influenza, scarlet fever).
With pericarditis, there is a sharp pain in the chest, radiating to the back and arm. Painful sensations intensify significantly with deep breaths, coughing and sudden movements.
Diseases are diagnosed using x-rays and ECG.
Treatment consists of eliminating the underlying disease, after which pericarditis goes away on its own within 10-20 days. To relieve symptoms, the patient is recommended bed rest and painkillers.
Traditional medicine recommends the use of diuretics if classical diuretics are not prescribed.
Inflammation of the heart muscle caused by a viral infection in the body or taking antibiotics and vaccinations. Myocarditis can also be triggered by rheumatism.
Most often, myocarditis occurs without pronounced symptoms and is determined by examination on an ECG. In acute cases, there is causeless pain in the heart area and general weakness.
For myocarditis, bed rest, decreased physical activity, and drug treatment aimed at eliminating the infection are recommended.
A dangerous disease caused by impaired blood supply to the myocardium. Most often, atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels leads to pathology.
For the initial stage of development, unbearable pain when walking is typical, subsiding when stopping. As it develops, chest pain radiates to the left arm, hand, and neck. Sometimes even the lower jaw hurts. The pain is acute, incredibly strong, and no longer depends on physical activity. The duration of the attack is from several seconds to 15 minutes.
For coronary artery disease, drug treatment does not give good results and is aimed more at eliminating symptoms and controlling the disease. The most effective in this case is surgical intervention. Coronary artery bypass grafting has proven itself to be excellent.
In this case, folk remedies coincide with the doctor’s recommendations. Change your lifestyle, give up bad habits and stick to proper nutrition.
Rather, it is a psycho-emotional state that provokes pain.
In response to stressful situations, a panic attack and pain in the heart begins. Since the cause of pain is not physiological, its nature can be completely different. Most often, with a sharp change in emotions, the patient experiences a painful sensation in the nipple area, radiating to the left hand.
There is no specific drug treatment for this condition. A person suffering from neurosis has so many complaints that it is difficult to prescribe treatment aimed even at relieving symptoms. Working with a competent psychotherapist helps a lot in this case. The symptoms go away literally before our eyes.
Inflammation in nerve fibers, provoked by hypothermia or old injury.
With intercostal neuralgia, pain occurs not only at the site of inflammation, but spreads throughout the entire nerve canal. If there is inflammation in the thoracic spine, along with chest pain, pain in the shoulder blade, arm, neck and back may be felt. The pain is severe, burning and intensifies with palpation of the ribs. Diagnosed using MRI.
To treat neuralgia, novocaine blockades, local analgesics, and drugs that block nerve endings are used.
Folk remedies used include bee and snake venoms.
If you suddenly experience chest pain that radiates to your arm, you can take painkillers. When pain is caused by heart disease, nitroglycerin helps well.
Nitroglycerin powerfully lowers blood pressure. In hypotensive patients, it may worsen the condition.
In other cases, you can take regular analgesics. The patient must be comfortably laid or seated, ensuring maximum comfort and peace.
Pain in the heart area is almost always a symptom of a serious illness. Do not put off visiting a doctor and getting diagnosed. If in the case of pericarditis and myocarditis the disease can go away on its own, then ischemic disease and cardiomyopathy, without timely treatment, can lead to disability and even death of the patient.
Often, a presumed diagnosis that is not confirmed by appropriate tests and studies is not correct. If you have persistently disturbing pain in the heart area, you need to get qualified advice, undergo examination and, if necessary, treatment.
Few people think that disability due to arthritis makes it easier to endure the pathology, since one can count on social security. Arthritis is a rather dangerous joint disease. It does not select people by gender or age.
There is a certain psychological barrier in the heads of people suffering from arthritis: for some time, patients cannot recognize themselves as disabled, especially if the person is far from old, this seems wrong. But you have to admit to yourself that arthritis is incurable, and you need to learn to live with it, and the form of disability will make it easier to fit into society in a new status.
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by joint disease associated with an autoimmune disorder. Pathology develops due to infection. In order to obtain disability for rheumatoid arthritis, it is necessary to know the forms of the pathology and to which functional class each specific case can be classified.
Rheumatoid arthritis can be mild, moderate or severe. They differ in the significance of the symptoms, with each subsequent form of pain becoming stronger. And if at the initial stage they come periodically, then in severe form the pain becomes constant, and the joints practically do not work.
Functional classes are also divided into several categories and differ in their ability to work and the ability to care for themselves:
If a patient, especially in the initial stages of the disease, does not think about getting a disability and starting supportive therapy, then he is at great risk. The risk is that arthritis can lead to dangerous complications and, as a result, death.
Complications can affect the heart, eyes, kidneys, bone marrow, hematopoietic function of the body, and can also lead to cancer of the blood or other organs.
Despite the fact that rheumatoid arthritis is considered incurable, the patient still needs supportive therapy. It includes the course:
In especially severe cases, the patient undergoes surgery to restore the functionality of the joint.
A poor prognosis occurs in older women (over 60 years of age), in people with gradually developing arthritis, or if there have been 3-4 exacerbations per year. In patients under 40 years of age with a rapidly developing disease that was discovered no more than a year ago, the prognosis is quite favorable. Of course, such a patient will not be able to recover completely, but his quality of life will be quite satisfactory.
If the patient has suffered several exacerbations of the pathology during the year, his joint mobility is impaired, and he loses the ability to self-care, then the medical commission considers assigning him a disability group. So, disability is granted in the following cases:
For a patient of any severity, it is important not to drop out of public life. If a person is not able to work in production, you can come up with an occupation suitable for his capabilities. The patient should not withdraw into himself and remain lonely. Disability is not the lot of an abandoned person; friends and relatives of the patient must convey this idea to the patient’s consciousness. The attending physician or psychologist can give advice on social adaptation.
Therapeutic measures should be continued in order to prevent the disease from affecting all joints, since rheumatic lesions are characterized by their constant development.
With psoriatic arthritis, disability is assigned to approximately 5–7% of patients with this disease. This is due to the fact that with it a person loses the ability to work and perform simple actions to serve himself.
In general, psoriasis does not affect the joints and most often affects the skin. The reasons for the development of the disease are currently unknown to science. However, it has been established that psoriatic arthritis can cause complications in the heart, tendons, muscle tissue and bone marrow.
As a rule, psoriatic arthritis is accompanied by the most striking symptom - a characteristic skin lesion that turns red and becomes covered with flaky scales. But there are cases when traces of the disease are not visible on the skin, but above the affected joint it has a purple tint.
Psoriatic arthritis prefers the joints of the toes and hands. Sometimes the ankle is affected. At the same time, the fingers lose their usual shape and become thick without visible bends.
The affected joints move poorly, preventing the patient from performing basic finger manipulations. If the disease affects the toes or ankles, then the person is forced to give up his usual shoes, as the limbs become very swollen and the joints move poorly.
Psoriasis is not a disease for which a person is assigned a disability. Therefore, patients with affected joints are wondering whether psoriatic arthritis gives them disability or not. The answer is simple - they do. However, only group 3 disability, no matter the severity of the disease. After all, psoriasis does not imply disability in principle.
But group 3 still gives the patient the right to review his work regime or change his specialty if the work is physical. A group 3 disabled person can count on social assistance when purchasing necessary medications and even a small pension.
The attending physician at the clinic at your place of registration will tell you how to obtain disability. The only thing that can be said is that it usually takes up to 4 months to complete the paperwork and review the patient’s medical history by a medical commission.
Such a long period is due to the fact that the patient must be examined and carried out the necessary studies by a variety of doctors. A consultation with a surgeon, ophthalmologist, ENT specialist, neurologist, cardiologist is necessary, and you will also need to undergo an X-ray scan and ultrasound examination of internal organs and joints.
All these tests and consultations have two main goals: to prevent a pretender from receiving a pension certificate, and to help a truly sick person move into a group of people with increased social security.
When receiving disability, I would like to wish the patient patience and good spirits, since during this process not only his body, but also his psyche will be tested. In order to overcome all this, the patient’s relatives and friends must be involved in psychological treatment.
For our body to be healthy, the heart must perform its functions smoothly and be of normal size. Changes in heart size can be caused by disease - bovine heart.
This disease can be congenital or acquired and is very dangerous. Even qualified specialists may not determine the cause of the disease the first time. What kind of disease is this, what are the first signs and main methods of treatment, we will tell you all this below.
An increase in heart size is called cardiomegaly. The mechanism of enlargement of this organ may be associated with enlargement of the ventricles (one or both at once), their expansion (dilatation), neoplastic processes and accumulation of metabolic products in the cavity of the organ.
In this situation, true cardiomegaly develops. Often, an enlarged heart develops in a healthy person against the background of increased stress when carrying a child. Cardiomegaly is very often detected in athletes. It is possible to accurately determine the cause of a large heart only through special instrumental research methods.
In humans, the size of the heart can vary within small limits. It is known that men have slightly larger heart sizes than women. In men aged 20-30 years, the heart volume is about 760 cm?, in women - 580 cm?.
The size of the heart is proportional to the weight of the human body. The features of the chest are of no small importance. An enlarged heart does not always indicate that a person is sick. A small heart is also not always the norm. Currently, the maximum heart size has not been established. It is individual for each person.
The most important organ that ensures the vital functions of the entire body consists of 4 chambers: two ventricles and two atria. There are two sections of the heart - right and left, each of which includes an atrium and a ventricle. Normally, the boundaries of the heart change throughout life.
People who play sports experience an increase in its size, which is considered a completely natural process and does not cause any cause for concern. The weight of a man's heart is 332 grams, a woman's - 253 grams. An enlarged heart is observed when the myocardium grows and (or) expands its cavity.
Most often, the organ enlarges to the left, which is observed in many diseases: hypertension, stagnation of blood in the systemic circulation, heart defects. Enlargement of all parts of the organ is dangerous. This condition is called “bull’s heart”, and only surgical intervention can improve a person’s quality of life.
The reasons influencing the enlargement of the organ are:
The heart does not enlarge so often due to:
Due to rheumatoid arthritis, a disease such as pericarditis occurs and pericardial effusion is noted. Against the background of systemic lupus erythematosus, lesions of any cardiac structure are noted, including valves and pericardium, the conduction system, and coronary arteries.
The presence of pathology in close relatives is considered a risk factor, therefore, under certain conditions, the disease can manifest itself in other family members. A common cause of changes in the heart muscle is an increase in pressure (above 140/90 mm Hg), which has a detrimental effect on the state of the cardiovascular system and in some cases leads to an enlargement of the organ up to the “bull heart”.
Congenital heart disease is of great importance. Today, it is treated in the first years of life, but there are also forms that are discovered only at an older age. An example is non-closure of the interventricular septum. The left ventricle contains oxygen-rich blood (arterial), and the right ventricle contains carbon dioxide (venous).
Normally, the blood does not mix, but with pathology of the interventricular septum, blood flows from the left ventricle to the right. There are different variations in the size of the defect. Improper distribution of blood within the organ leads to its enlargement.
As mentioned above, beer lovers are susceptible to this disease. But not only these people can have stretched heart muscles.
Some categories of athletes may also suffer from this disease. Various workouts and loads keep the heart in good shape. But if you suddenly stop exercising, cardiovascular problems may arise. The heart muscle may become stretched and function weakened.
This is due to the fact that when an athlete trains (swims, exercises, etc.), the heart muscle gets used to this pace and begins to work harder, and cardiac mass also increases. But if a person abruptly stops training, the heart, accustomed to this pace, cannot decrease in size on its own.
It works as before, but the person no longer needs it, and blood stagnation appears, less oxygen begins to be produced, which leads to oxygen starvation. As a result, heart failure occurs. This condition can be observed not only among athletes and beer drinkers. People with rheumatism or collagenosis may be susceptible to this disease.
Even something as harmless as a strawberry allergy can ultimately lead to bull's heart disease. Antibodies that are produced during allergies provoke constant sensitization of the body, which can lead to an autoimmune condition. If the disease is congenital, the prognosis for recovery is unfavorable.
Acquired cardiomegaly occurs with cardiovascular diseases of the heart and other organs. Most often, heart enlargement can be observed with ischemic heart disease, emphysema, hypertension and heart defects. Inflammatory processes in the heart caused by diseases such as tonsillitis, rheumatism, scarlet fever, and rheumatic carditis can contribute to the diagnosis of “bull’s heart.”
Alcohol poisoning can cause enlargement of the heart muscle. Excessive or improper use of medications is a provocateur of cardiomegaly. A disease such as acute pericarditis causes an enlarged heart. Fluid accumulates in the pericardium, which can cause the heart muscle to enlarge.
As a rule, an enlarged heart is detected by chance during a routine examination and chest x-ray. The diagnosis of an enlarged heart, or cardiomegaly, shocks parents. Cardiomegaly can be primary or secondary. Secondary cardiomegaly develops against the background of infectious diseases, toxic lesions, and also with respiratory failure.
But the exact causes of primary cardiomegaly remain not fully known. An enlarged heart is quite difficult to determine for a non-specialist, which is why parents are surprised by the diagnosis. And, indeed, the symptoms that accompany the disease are rapid heartbeat, rapid breathing, cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle, swelling, pale skin, and lack of appetite.
Such symptoms can accompany various diseases, so it doesn’t even occur to many parents that their child has an enlarged heart. Children's hearts beat much faster than adults'. If the beat frequency exceeds 160 beats per minute, then this is already an alarming sign.
But, if parents cannot measure the heart rate themselves, then they can monitor the rhythm of breathing. With cardiomegaly, breathing not only becomes more frequent, but also the rhythm is disturbed, it becomes shallow with missed breaths.
The following pathologies can lead to an enlargement and expansion of the heart in a child:
Weak heart function provokes disturbances in the circulatory system, which causes pale skin and a bluish tint to the lips and nose. Swelling is also evidence that something in the body is not working as it should.
When the heart fails to cope with its work, fluid from the blood vessels begins to accumulate in the tissues. Finally, lack of appetite is also an important sign of some disease. Many parents, unfortunately, do not always pay due attention to this symptom, especially when the child is always reluctant to eat.
With such signs, you need not only to see a pediatrician, but also to consult a cardiologist. Only experienced specialists can suspect heart problems. If you listen to the heart and the child has any side symptoms, the doctor will send you for an x-ray, which will show the size of the heart tissue.
In addition, small changes can be detected on the cardiogram. Cardiomegaly is usually discovered when a child is seen for deteriorating health. If the disease is not detected in time, it can even lead to dire consequences. That is why you should not neglect heart diagnostics.
If a child is nevertheless diagnosed with a heart pathology, then there is no need to panic ahead of time. The child needs to do a series of studies, during which complete information about the condition of the heart will be collected. Based on the data obtained, the cardiologist makes a diagnosis and prescribes adequate treatment.
There is no need to neglect routine medical examinations, since treatment will be most effective when there are no secondary signs of the disease. And if noticeable symptoms appear, you should under no circumstances hesitate. Depending on the cause of cardiomegaly, the child may be prescribed antiarrhythmic drugs, antiviral or antimicrobial agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, glycosides and other drugs.
In some cases, such as birth defects, surgical treatment is recommended. In severe cases, it is necessary to resort to an organ transplant.
In professional athletes, the left ventricle is often significantly enlarged and dilated. In this way, the heart adapts to increased physical activity and the need to maintain increased blood output. Most often, “bull’s heart” is detected in cyclists, biathletes, skiers, and marathon runners, since such sports require greater endurance. Less commonly, professional boxers and wrestlers suffer from cardiomegaly.
Under the influence of constant physical activity, the ventricles and atria expand, but this does not always indicate pathology. In trained people, the myocardium increases by about 15-20%, which is considered normal.
To work in an enhanced mode, the heart becomes larger in size.
This occurs due to the expansion of small vessels and the formation of new ones. As a result, the trophism of the organ improves, it saturates the blood with oxygen more effectively. However, adaptation mechanisms have their limits. With excessive loads, which are usually associated with a violation of the training regimen, the heart volume can exceed 1200 cm?.
In this case, pathology is diagnosed. Obvious symptoms of cardiomegaly are often absent or disguised as manifestations of other diseases that have caused an enlarged heart. Usually, at a doctor’s appointment, the patient voices only ordinary cardiac complaints.
A large heart itself is a companion to an already developed disease, and is diagnosed mainly by X-ray examination. Visible signs of the disease manifest themselves in the unsatisfactory state of health of the patient.
What symptoms should you pay attention to:
All these symptoms are also inherent in other cardiovascular diseases, so a detailed diagnosis requires a serious examination, including ultrasound. Bull's heart is not expressed by any specific symptoms.
All of the listed signs are also characteristic of other pathologies of the cardiovascular system, so it is very important to undergo high-quality and timely diagnosis. An attentive parent can identify a bull's heart in their child. The newborn exhibits the following symptoms:
Diagnosis of cardiomegaly begins with a physical examination of the patient. The doctor reveals paleness of the skin, shortness of breath, and swelling. When the myocardium is weak and the general circulation is impaired, heart murmurs and congestive wheezing in the lungs are heard. Then hardware diagnostic methods are used and laboratory tests are carried out.
Nowadays, the survey radiograph has been replaced by a fluorographic photograph. It allows you to see whether there is a change in the size of the heart, and to calculate the ratio of the width of the heart shadow to the width of the sternum (the norm is up to 50%). A general radiograph shows congestion in the blood vessels of the lower pulmonary sections, pathology of the aorta and pulmonary arteries.
An ECG serves as an auxiliary method that allows you to obtain additional information. The images show thickening of the ventricular and atrial walls, ischemia, scar changes after heart attacks, thinning of the myocardium, as well as areas affected by cardiosclerosis.
EchoCG is performed to study the anatomical features of the heart. The method also helps to evaluate its functions and clarify the cause of the pathology. An echocardiogram shows the exact dimensions of the chambers, the valve apparatus, and the movement of the valves.
The method is used to prepare the patient for surgery. It allows you to assess hemodynamics and the degree of reverse blood flow. In parallel, coronary angiography is performed to study the patency of the coronary arteries.
Additional tests may also be required as part of the diagnosis of cardiomegaly:
If a doctor determines that the causes of a large heart are chronic or acute diseases, then treatment of these diseases must be carried out. If it is started on time, the organ decreases in size.
If the cause is a heart defect, then you need to consult a cardiac surgeon and, if necessary, undergo surgery. This will allow you to maintain the functionality of this vital organ for a long time. After surgery, symptomatic treatment is prescribed.
It is necessary to slow down the process of heart enlargement in the patient. If a person moves little, does not watch his diet, or has a number of bad habits, to solve the problem he needs to reconsider his lifestyle. This means starting to exercise in moderation and eating foods high in vitamins and microelements.
If treatment is not started promptly, the consequences can be very serious. That is why you should not neglect the recommendations if the doctor prescribes diet, sports or surgery.
Since bovine heart disease is usually a secondary disease, its treatment should take place in parallel with the treatment of the underlying disease. In addition, it is worth remembering that cardiomegaly is an irreversible disease, so the goal of therapy is to slow down the deformation of the heart. Among the conservative methods used:
If there is no result, they resort to surgical methods, the purpose of which is to maintain or normalize heart function:
In addition to treatment, the patient must monitor his lifestyle: give up bad habits, follow a diet low in low-density fats, and give the body physical activity. When fighting cardiomegaly, it is necessary to eliminate all factors that can aggravate its course.
The patient may have problems with blood pressure, which needs to be monitored. In some cases, the patient is prescribed medications that reduce it. Medications that normalize heart rhythm may also be prescribed.
During the examination, it is necessary to find out whether the patient has lung diseases or ischemia. If they are present, it is necessary to treat these ailments in parallel.
In the case of inflammatory processes, the use of antibacterial therapy is mandatory. When fighting the disease, you should avoid drinking beer and other alcoholic beverages, as well as drinks containing caffeine. You should also give up smoking and taking drugs.
To get rid of the disease as quickly as possible, you need to arrange a weekly fasting day for yourself - therapeutic fasting, during which you can only drink freshly squeezed juices and water. This will cleanse the body. Speaking about how to treat a disease such as bovine heart, it is worth mentioning the benefits of sports and hardening, which help improve immunity.
Proper nutrition is of great importance in the fight against cardiomegaly. The Mediterranean diet is preferable for this. Thanks to it, you can not only saturate the body with useful elements, but also normalize it, and if there is no need for this, simply maintain normal body weight.
The use of such a diet is indicated for the treatment and prevention of diseases such as bovine heart. Here are the basic principles of such nutrition:
The carbohydrates obtained from these products do not turn into excess weight. At the same time, such nutrition allows you to get the necessary elements for the normal functioning of the body throughout the day;
As a rule, these are vegetables, fruits, fish and meat dishes, low-fat dairy products, and hard cheese. Meat and fish must be dietary.
The Mediterranean diet in the treatment of a syndrome such as ox heart also involves eating seafood, and you should not give up first courses;
Snacks are not prohibited with this diet, which is used in the treatment of an ailment such as bovine heart syndrome, but they can consist of low-fat yoghurts, vegetables, and fruits.
But you should give up canned food, sugar, and animal fats. You can use sesame, olive, soybean, and peanut oil as fats. You need to eat food in small portions.
There is a traditional treatment for an enlarged heart. This therapy helps strengthen the heart muscle, improves its nutrition and cleanses blood vessels. For treatment, healing heart herbs and herbs are used:
Make a tincture of the leaves in wine. 100 g of dried leaves are poured into 2 liters of red wine, infused in a cool, dark place in a glass container for 30 days, shaken periodically, then filtered. Take 50 ml of the drug twice a day. Treatment lasts a month and a half, then take a break.
An enlarged heart can entail significant risks for the patient, which depend on the underlying disease that caused the enlarged heart. When the heart becomes too large, some parts of the myocardium are subject to greater pressure and therefore an increased risk of ischemia and dangerous complications such as stroke and heart attack.
However, statisticians note that one can live with the pathology without serious consequences, keeping it under control with the help of appropriate treatment. In Russia, in fact, about 9.4 million people have an enlarged heart, especially in the left ventricle.
To reduce the risk of illness, you should follow several rules.
Knowing what bovine heart is, how this diagnosis is made, how this disease is treated, if it develops, you can immediately suspect it, and knowing about preventive measures, you can significantly reduce the risk of its occurrence. Do not delay visiting your doctor at the first signs of illness.