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Rheumatoid arthritis treatment with bees

30 Mar 18

Bee treatment of joints: properties of bee venom, methods of application, reviews

Bee venom is an important component in the treatment of many diseases. Its healing effect has been proven in the treatment of vascular diseases, lesions of the nervous and respiratory systems, and immunodeficiency states. Treating joints with bees is also effective. But you need to know the advantages and dangers of bee treatment, start it only after consulting a doctor and be treated under his supervision.

Why is bee treatment of joints effective?

Exposure to bee venom is called apitoxin therapy. The complexity of the chemical composition of bee venom explains the wide range of positive effects of its use.

Chemical composition and effects of bee venom on the body

Apitoxin includes:

  • proteins and peptides;
  • phospholipids;
  • essential oils;
  • carbohydrates;
  • enzymes;
  • microelements (magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, copper, zinc);
  • inorganic acids.
  • Thanks to the influence of bee venom, immune defense is strengthened, metabolism is improved, blood viscosity and cholesterol are reduced, and hormonal levels are normalized.

    Bee venom can be administered in different ways:

  • enter the body through an insect bite;
  • absorbed through the skin when used in the form of ointments;
  • act when administered by intradermal injection;
  • penetrate tissue using electrophoresis or ultrasound during physiotherapy.
  • Bee therapy is widely used for diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Apitoxin, introduced in one way or another into the periarticular areas, affects the diseased joint. The following local results can be expected:

  • relieving inflammation and swelling;
  • reduction of pain syndrome;
  • increased blood supply to the joint and adjacent tissues;
  • improving the metabolism of the tendon-ligament apparatus and the muscular frame of the articular joint;
  • slowing down the degeneration of cartilage tissue.
  • Bee therapy: indications and methods of use

    A particularly noticeable effect from bee stings is observed in the treatment of the knee and other large joints.

    In case of severe deformity and low mobility, apitherapy will not lead to a complete restoration of joint function, but will significantly improve the person’s well-being.

    After just a few sessions, patients note a decrease in pain and swelling in the joint area, which allows them to reduce the dose of analgesics and NSAIDs. Drug therapy becomes more gentle. This is another advantage of bee treatment.

    What can be treated with bees?

    Joint diseases for which bee therapy is indicated:

  • osteochondrosis, including complicated by the presence of spinal hernias and radicular syndrome;
  • arthritis of various origins;
  • arthrosis and other degenerative-dystrophic joint processes.
  • Methods of use

    The method of introducing the poison will be determined by the doctor, having previously prescribed a test to exclude an allergic reaction.

    The most effective method is bee stinging. During this procedure, the presence of a doctor is necessary, as anaphylactic shock may develop. Before starting the course, a tolerance test is carried out. The patient is warned about a short-term burning sensation and pain at the time of the bite. The bee's sting is quickly removed after 15 seconds. The condition of the skin, respiratory and cardiovascular systems is monitored. It is advisable to take a urine test (if you are intolerant to the poison, protein and sugar may appear in the urine).

    A safer way to treat yourself at home is to use ointments containing bee venom. They are rubbed into the area of ​​the sore joint. For the best effect, the skin must first be degreased, treated with alcohol, and warmed up with a compress or massage. This will ensure maximum absorption of the cream and enhance its therapeutic effect. After the procedure, you need to wrap the sore joint in wool.

    How does therapy work?

    The sting is removed from the skin 60 seconds after the bite. Treatment is carried out in a course of 10-15 sessions every other day. If tolerated well, the number of bee stings is increased from session to session. You need to avoid hitting the sting in the same place several times.

    If the patient’s condition is positive and the patient’s mood is positive, the course of apitoxin therapy is repeated after 3 months to consolidate the effect.

    What should a patient undergoing apitoxin therapy know?

    After the procedure, you cannot get up immediately; you need to lie down for about 20 minutes.

    During the course of treatment, alcohol consumption is excluded, as it significantly reduces the therapeutic effect.

    It is advisable to consume 1 tablespoon of honey daily.

    You cannot conduct a session after a bath, physical fatigue, or immediately after eating.

    Eliminate all potential allergens from your diet, including citrus fruits, chocolate, strawberries, eggs, and fish. It is advisable to limit meat.

    You need to remain calm, trust the doctor and be confident in the positive outcome of the treatment.

    Over the course of a year, with good dynamics of the condition and tolerance of the bites, the patient is prescribed 2-3 courses. The body gradually becomes more tolerant to bee venom, and procedures are easier to tolerate.

    Therapy should not be used in the following cases:

  • allergy;
  • oncology;
  • tuberculosis and other infections in the active phase;
  • exacerbation of chronic diseases;
  • hypertension, severe atherosclerosis;
  • diabetes;
  • autoimmune diseases;
  • fever of any origin;
  • pregnancy, breastfeeding;
  • age up to 18 years.
  • Treating joints with bees is an effective healing method. Self-medication is strictly forbidden! Using bee venom without medical advice can be life-threatening. After the examination, the doctor will determine the method of introducing the poison into the body. If you carefully follow medical recommendations, bee treatment will give a lasting positive effect.

    For several years, my knee hurt; doctors said that arthrosis had developed due to the injury. Anti-inflammatory treatment was prescribed, but my stomach ulcer worsened. Then we decided to try treating our leg with bee stings. I tolerated the test well, although I was a little afraid. After several sessions there was no longer any fear, the pain decreased, I began to sleep and work without taking painkillers, and my mood improved. Now I take courses 2 times a year, the pain does not bother me.

    My knee has been hurting for a long time, an x-ray showed arthrosis, and I was prescribed physical therapy and painkillers. It didn't help much. The doctor recommended using ointment with bee venom as a course, combined with a knee massage. I did this for 10 days, the pain practically did not bother me. Thanks bees!

    Rheumatoid arthritis: treatment with modern and traditional methods

    This is a severe chronic joint disease, most often developing in people over 35-40 years of age. When a doctor diagnoses rheumatoid arthritis, treatment must be comprehensive - medications, compresses, ointments, therapeutic exercises, physiotherapy and other methods of therapy are prescribed.

    What causes arthritis?

    Science still cannot establish the true causes, but scientists have managed to establish the predisposing and triggering mechanisms of the disease.

    Scientists believe that a person is genetically predisposed to autoimmune reactions. Lymphocytes (immune cells) perform the role of recognizing and destroying “strangers” - viruses, bacteria, infections. But sometimes their direction changes and instead of foreign cells they begin to destroy their own, for example, joints, and inflammation appears. This process can be caused by infections, influenza, and even simple acute respiratory infections, which account for a large percentage of predisposing factors. After them, particles of viruses remain in the affected joints, which provoke the immune system.

    Research by American scientists (Johnson, Shapiro) proves that rheumatoid arthritis often occurs after suffering severe emotional shocks.

    The studies even revealed behavioral traits present in such patients - excessive restraint of emotions, irritation, anger, an attempt to mask and not give vent to negative reactions.

    Main symptoms of arthritis

    Characteristic joint pain that worsens at night or in the morning. Inflammation and swelling of the phalangeal joints of the middle and index fingers, as well as small joints on the legs. The joints become inflamed symmetrically to each other.

    As the disease progresses, inflammation begins in the knee, elbow, and shoulder joints, that is, the larger ones. Sometimes it happens the other way around, when the damage starts from them and spreads to small joints. Stiffness in joints in the morning.

    Dense subcutaneous formations (nodules) in the bends of the elbows, hands, and feet. General malaise - lethargy, weakness, increased body temperature, weight loss, numbness of the limbs, burning in the eyes. Deformation of the hands and fingers, which leads to poor circulation and complete muscle atrophy.

  • Based on information about symptoms obtained from the patient and external examination.
  • To confirm, x-rays of the feet and hands are prescribed.
  • Blood test research.
  • Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis should be carried out comprehensively. This is the only way to expect an improvement in the patient's condition. Unfortunately, it is not possible to completely cure rheumatoid arthritis.

    Therefore, therapy is aimed at improving mobility function and joint condition, relieving inflammation and preventing disability. What treatment methods are there?

    Drug treatment

    Types of drugs used:

  • Anti-inflammatory - NSAIDs (piroxicam, indomethacin, ibuprofen, diclofenac sodium, naproxen).
  • Basic therapy modifies the course of the disease. They have been taken for a long time. The effect becomes visible no earlier than a month after the start of administration (cytostatic, gold salts, sulfasalazine, D-penicillamine)
  • Complex - have a modifying, anti-inflammatory effect (for example, tenidap).
  • Glucosteroids - relieve inflammation, prevent bone destruction (prednisolone, dexamethasone)
  • Popular drugs

  • Cytostatics (or immunosuppressants) - Remicade, cyclosporine, Arava, azathioprine. Many of them were initially used by rheumatologists and for the treatment of patients with oncology. They give a positive result, not bad, but they need to be taken over a long course. For example, Arava is taken for more than six months. Doctors recommend strictly following the recommended dose, since they often cause similar reactions.
  • Methotrexate. It is often prescribed to older people, it is well tolerated, is not expensive, and the risk of complications during treatment is minimized. A positive result is achieved after 5-7 weeks. Methotrexane cannot be combined with anti-inflammatory drugs.
  • Aurotherapy or therapy with gold (aurothiomalate, tauredon, crizanol and others). An old, proven remedy, used for more than 100 years in medical practice. The action is aimed at reducing the development of the disease. Can be taken with NSAIDs. Gold helps with early bone erosions, as well as patients with stomach ulcers and gastritis.
  • Remicade. Fast-acting and effective, it is one of the expensive new drugs. Despite good therapeutic indicators, it has a number of contraindications and causes adverse reactions. You should definitely consult your doctor and strictly follow the dosage. There is a risk of allergies.
  • Antimalarial drugs (rezoquin, hingamine, delagil, plaquenil). Previously widely used in the treatment of malaria (tropical fever). Now they are also often used to treat arthritis. The course of treatment is long, up to 6-12 months. Well tolerated by the body.
  • Sulfonamides (sulfasalazine). Antimicrobial agents. The course of taking them is also long. Improvement is noted after 3-6 months. They are well tolerated and rarely cause complications.
  • D-penicillamine (distamine, cuprenil). Most often prescribed when gold-based medications and methotrexate have not had the desired effect. The treatment effect is good, but D-penicillamine is toxic and often produces side effects, so it is prescribed less frequently.
  • Modern experts believe that many treatment regimens that were successfully used previously are already outdated. Previously, the doctor could initially prescribe, for example, distamine or sulfasalazine, and then introduce gold. This is not true, because medications of the first group have a therapeutic effect after a long time, and gold, for example, acts much faster. Nowadays, the approach to prescribing certain medications is more attentive and experienced.

    Intra-articular drugs

    Along with the usual medications used in treatment, rheumatoid arthritis can be treated with medications that need to be injected into the joints. Their advantage is their rapid effect, because the medicine is delivered to the site of inflammation immediately after administration.

    1. Corticosteroids - once a week, course for 5-6 sessions. For prolonged action, 1 injection is prescribed every 14-30 days.
    2. Peroxinorm is an immunosuppressant. Medicine based on bovine liver. Used for knee joints once every 7 days, course of 5-6 sessions.
    3. Homeopathy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

      In the treatment of arthritis, homeopaths use a wide variety of plants, from which homeopathic preparations are made. The better the concentrate used to create the medicine, the better the expected effect. The activity of healing substances also depends on the number of gradual shaking.

      Modern medical practice quite often prescribes medications from this group to patients along with conventional medications. But, compared to traditional treatment, it is rather weak. You should not rely on homeopathy in case of a severe stage of the disease, prolonged pain and severe inflammation.

      Of course, with long-term use, the medicine will have a positive effect - it will improve the general condition, help relieve pain, but nothing more. Homeopathy can be used during the remission stage as a preventive measure.

      Cryotherapy is the effect on the problem area using low temperatures. Advantages of the method:

    4. The method can be used for varying degrees of disease severity
    5. The procedure has no serious contraindications
    6. Exposure to cold perfectly improves blood circulation, relieves swelling, eliminates inflammation, and also eliminates pain.
    7. There are two types of cryotherapy used in medicine:

      Dry cryotherapy, when the patient is placed in a special cryo-tub and exposure to cold begins. The effect on the entire body is therefore very effective when affecting many joints.

    8. Liquid cryotherapy, when a stream of liquid nitrogen is applied to the problem area. This treatment consists of a course of several procedures and is carried out every day or every other day.
    9. Laser. How to treat rheumatoid arthritis in the modern world? Of course, innovative technologies, for example, using a laser. The procedure involves exposing the problem area to high power radiation.
    10. What are the advantages of the procedure?

    11. Areas of inflammation and infection are reduced
    12. Helps normalize blood circulation
    13. Boosts immunity
    14. What are its disadvantages?

    15. Expensive treatment
    16. Course duration: up to 20 sessions
    17. It is effective only if the patient does not have severe arthritis. But by using a laser even at the initial stage, you can achieve almost 90-95% of the result.
    18. The method of irradiating lymph tissue is based on exposure to radioactive rays of 150 rad. The number of sessions is selected individually.

      What is the disadvantage of the method?

    19. Not suitable for every patient. It may cause complications such as nausea or weakness.
    20. Physiotherapy - carried out during remission. Advantages of the procedure:
    21. Increases blood circulation
    22. Improved joint mobility
    23. Reducing finger deformation
    24. Elimination of muscle spasms
    25. The use of a number of medications aimed at the lesion of the joints
    26. Traditional methods of treatment

      For many years people have been trying to cure this disease with folk remedies. Like pharmaceutical drugs, they are aimed at relieving inflammation, reducing pain, and improving joint mobility. All folk remedies can be divided into three groups:

      Some folk remedies can reduce pain no worse than pharmaceutical painkillers. For example, potato compresses help a lot. It's not difficult to prepare at home. Take raw potatoes and grate them on a fine grater. Then they wrap it in gauze and apply it to the sore spot. Wrap the top with plastic wrap and leave overnight. You can make a compress from burdock. Its leaves should be well placed around the joint, and wrapped with a bandage and plastic wrap on top. Alcohol tinctures are often made from this plant and combined with compress treatment.

      Such natural components are especially effective during periods of sharp exacerbation of the disease. To reduce inflammation, ointments, decoctions, and compresses are prepared at home.

      A decoction can be prepared from bay leaves. To do this, 20-30 g of dry leaves are crushed and filled with 450-500 ml of water. Cook over a fire for about 10 minutes. The resulting broth is filtered, poured into a bottle or jar and left to infuse for 8-10 hours. The decoction is taken 30 minutes before meals, 100 ml.

      Balm from pine needles relieves inflammation well. To do this, take 40 grams of pine twigs, 2-3 tablespoons of rose hips, one clove of garlic and one spoon of onion peel. All ingredients are poured into 2 liters of water and boiled for 30 minutes. The broth is infused for about 12 hours and filtered. You should drink it throughout the day (up to 1 liter per day).

      Their action is aimed at stimulating blood circulation and tissue regeneration. It also eliminates the inflammatory process. You can use salt rubbing. In this case, the salt is diluted with either vodka or honey. Clay rubbing is also used. Rubbing and massage with essential natural oils - lemon, fir, eucalyptus, rosemary - have an excellent effect.

      Diet for rheumatoid arthritis

      How can you treat rheumatoid arthritis at home? Of course, diet. It is very important to follow it. Proper healthy eating will help improve your condition. If you do not follow the doctor's recommendations and do not adhere to the diet, the situation can only worsen.

      What foods should you not eat?

    27. Alcoholic drinks
    28. Convenience foods, fast food, harmful food additives
    29. Smoked products and preservatives
    30. Fat broths
    31. Baking, bakery products.
    32. What foods should you limit?

    33. During an exacerbation of the disease, it is advisable to give preference to protein foods (fish, milk, eggs, lean meat). In this case, the food should not be fatty or high in calories. Meat, for example, is best cooked stewed, steamed or boiled.
    34. Vegetables, berries and fruits rich in vitamin C: potatoes, currants, citrus fruits, bell peppers, kiwi.
    35. Food rich in antioxidants - green tea, sour fruits. Natural fresh juices. These are not only fruit juices, but also vegetable juices - tomato, carrot.
    36. The diet includes magnesium salts, which are found in buckwheat, greens, and bran.

      Physiotherapy

      How is rheumatoid arthritis treated other than medications, diets, and auxiliary methods? A set of physical exercises or physical therapy helps with this disease. But this method is not available to everyone.

      When is physical therapy prohibited?

    37. In the presence of serious damage and abnormalities in the functioning of internal organs (pneumonia, nephritis)
    38. Severe stage of atritis
    39. General contraindications - fever, exacerbation of diseases, infection, cardiac problems, high blood pressure, etc.
    40. Three stages of gymnastics training

      Preparatory - up to 15 minutes during the first 3-4 days. Patients are taught to relax, master proper breathing techniques, and prepare the body for physical activity.

      The main one is up to 30 minutes for two weeks. The goal is to strengthen muscles and restore the function of the musculoskeletal system.

      Final – up to 5 days. Patients are taught to do the exercises at home on their own.

      Let's look at some types of exercises that will be useful for patients with arthritis. You can make them at home yourself.

      Exercises for the hand

      Doctors recommend putting maximum load on the fingertips, avoiding movements towards the little finger, choosing a cone-shaped pen for writing and maintaining the correct position of the hand at rest (brush on the edge).

    41. Learn to relax the hand on a cone-like object, on a ball

      Place both hands on the edge of the table, raise your palms up and down (10 times)

    42. Rub your palms together until they become hot
    43. Raise and lower your fingers in a position where your palms are pressed to the table
    44. Make circular movements clockwise and counterclockwise, stretching your arms out in front of you and clenching them into fists.
    45. Rolling a ball on the table with your palm
    46. Exercises for ankle injuries
    47. Learn to raise and lower your big toe
    48. Just like with your palm, roll the ball with your foot on the floor.

      learn to grasp objects with your toes - a pencil, for example.

    49. Bend and straighten your fingers in a sitting position and legs shoulder-width apart
    50. Shoulder Exercises

      Raise your shoulders up and down while sitting on a chair

      In the same position, circular movements of the shoulders forward and backward

      Lying on your back, stretch your arms along your body and alternately raise and lower your arms

      Standing, place your fingers on your shoulders and make circular movements back and forth

      To achieve success, gymnastics is performed daily. An experienced doctor will suggest all the necessary exercises that will be effective for certain affected joints.

      How is rheumatoid arthritis treated in the East?

    51. Chinese medicine recognizes such methods as:
    52. Acupuncture
    53. treatment with leeches
    54. yoga
    55. body cleansing
    56. In addition to these methods, Chinese medicine uses drugs based on herbal origin, sometimes moxibustion and acupuncture. In the West, compared to China, more attention is paid to treatment with chemicals. But oriental medicine was known many centuries ago.

      In particular, the yoga method is effectively used in the treatment of not only rheumatoid arthritis, but also many other diseases. Yoga classes are also held in our country. An important condition is a competent approach to finding an experienced instructor. This is the only way to expect a positive result and not harm your body. Yoga requires special attention to technique and your bodily sensations from the process of practice.

      Surgery

      How to treat rheumatoid arthritis in a hospital setting and when is surgery necessary?

      Of course, medications, physical therapy, diet, folk remedies and other methods of influence can slow down the development of arthritis. But, if the disease becomes severe and the joint begins to deteriorate from the inside, you have to resort to forced surgical methods. The operation is aimed at restoring joint mobility, relieving symptoms and returning to an active lifestyle.

      The effectiveness and reliability of the operation is determined by consultations with a rheumatologist, surgeon and orthopedist. You cannot delay the operation, but it should be done only in extreme cases.

      — Types of surgical intervention

      Most often this is joint replacement (hip or knee). The surgeon removes the problem areas and installs a prosthesis. Typically its service life is 10-20 years. When it wears out, the procedure is repeated. In this case, the result will be lower, and re-intervention is considered a more complex surgical work.

      Surgery is also performed in part of the carpal tunnel, which is very effective for pinched nerves.

      During an inovectomy, the membranes of the joint are cut to eliminate erosion. This method often requires repeated intervention, since the synovial membrane can grow again.

      Joint fixation (arthrodesis) may be suggested to reduce pain. Two bones are fused to reduce their size.

      Before surgery, the doctor must give recommendations on proper preparation. If necessary, you will need to stop taking certain medications (particularly blood thinners), practice walking on crutches, which will be required after surgery, and take the necessary blood tests.

      Rehabilitation and prevention

      The goal of rehabilitation is to help the patient return to a normal active lifestyle, and also try to minimize the risk of a repeat period of exacerbation. For this we use:

      Prescribing courses of physiotherapy, exercise therapy, and sometimes spa treatment

      A set of exercises for home gymnastics aimed at restoring full joint movements

      Special diet, proper nutrition

      Tips for managing stress and emotional distress as this can trigger a relapse

      Taking vitamins and certain medications as prescribed by a doctor

      Observation and examination by various specialists - neurologist, orthopedist, nutritionist, surgeon and others.

      Rheumatoid arthritis. My history

      Welcome to the leading non-profit rheumatology forum!

      17 Nov 2013 21:09

      Rheumatoid arthritis. My history

      20 Nov 2013 22:25

      I'll tell you my story. Maybe it will be useful to someone, and someone can give advice or just support with a kind word

      I am 39 years old. I have been sick since 2008. It all started with swelling of the knees, and then a little later on the finger on the hand. While it was tolerable as always, I had no time or desire to run to the doctor. Then it suddenly became very swollen and I decided to go to the doctor. There was no rheumatoid factor in the tests, but ESR and reactive protein were off the charts. The doctor prescribed delagil for a long time and NSAIDs, either movalis or injections, and I don’t remember which ones. I drank for a year and only after a year did my knees and fingers stop hurting so much. BEFORE this, I actually hit my leg a year ago and never went to the doctor, it didn’t seem to hurt, but my toes remained on my leg in a bent state - my husband still thinks that’s why it all started. So, after drinking Delagil (I also drank Zinaxin on my own) and feeling relief and the onset of remission, we decided that we needed a baby. The doctor said that we needed to stop drinking everything. I stopped taking the basic medication, but took Zinaxin. A lot of time was still spent on examinations in the field of reproduction. Then, giving up on everything, she scored and became pregnant. I want to say that my doctor did not dissuade me from the idea of ​​having children. During pregnancy there were slight pains until the 20th week, then I felt like a very healthy person. Experiencing pain every day and forgetting how wonderful it is to live without it. I led an active lifestyle and did everything that I couldn’t afford for a long time, in general I felt great. During the consultation, the devil pulled me to say that I have rheumatoid arthritis, so the therapist, out of fear, sent me to the regional hospital for a consultation. After spending time there in a half-starved state, they told me it was like giving birth, like I asked them. I gave birth perfectly, well, I really wanted to breastfeed the baby and I fed the baby until 8 months, until the pain intensified so much that I couldn’t bear it, especially since I have to constantly carry the baby and the load is enormous. And since the child was 8 months old, I have not lived a day without pain (the child is already 2 years old). Having found strength and some time and patience, I went to the hospital in the summer on IVs to the doctor who was recommended. They injected me with rheosorbilact and something else. It was easier for exactly 5 days and that’s it. The pictures showed that there is arthrosis in the knees and there are osteophytes, which is why there is pain. Two hands already hurt - fingers, wrists, elbow. When I stopped breastfeeding I started drinking lefno. I took it for 8 months, but there was no improvement. I said this at the hospital, they prescribed me methotrexate 10 mg, or they said the money would be given if I had Methodject. Take NSAIDs as needed. But how can you not drink every day, if you have to walk with the little one, sometimes you get up at night, but I just can’t, I drink airtal every day. So I took the first injection of the method, one finger seems to have shrunk a little - I just noticed it the most. In total, I have been taking methotrexate for the 5th month now. I know many members of the forum say you need to drink it for half a year to understand whether it’s suitable or not. So I decided to pierce Methodject for a couple of months, if it doesn’t work out better I’ll give up again.

      Lately I have been either overcome by depression or trying to calm myself down, because I have to hold on, a child needs a cheerful mother, not one who is depressed all the time. Although it is very difficult when your whole body hurts and causes you suffering.

      I really hope for improvements on the methodject. Just praying for remission. But sometimes you give up and don’t want to live. I think they will only understand me here, because if you don’t feel what it is, you don’t understand how it is.

      Good luck and health to everyone, it is very valuable to us.

      Symptoms and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

      Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease of connective tissue, affecting mainly peripheral joints, the morphological substrate of which is an erosive-destructive process and ankylosis.

      Why does the disease occur?

      This is a very common disease: it accounts for 10% of all pathological processes in the joints. Women are more often affected, and in a ratio of 3:1 compared to men.

      The disease is very dangerous because doctors still cannot answer whether rheumatoid arthritis can be cured. Approximately 50% of sick people become disabled after 5 years of illness.

      The exact causes of the disease are not known. Scientists identify a number of predisposing factors that, to a certain extent, lead to the appearance of RA:

    57. hereditary factors - especially for carriers of HLA-DR1, HLA-DR4;
    58. viruses: Epstein-Barr virus, lymphotropic T-cell virus, human parvovirus B19;
    59. bacteria: mycoplasma, Koch bacillus, intestinal infection;
    60. toxins, coal dust, smoking;
    61. the presence of collagen types 2, 9, 10, 11 in the connective tissue;
    62. stress, overwork;
    63. injuries;
    64. menopause in women;
    65. various allergies.
    66. Mechanisms of pathology development

      The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis is based on the formation of autoantibodies to the cells of the synovial membrane of the joints. Why antibodies begin to destroy their own cells is not known. After the appearance of inflammation, a cascade of immune reactions occurs, rheumatoid factor is produced, that is, pathological immunoglobulins of class M and G.

      The synovial membrane of the joint, under the influence of immune cells, grows deep into the bone, destroying it. This phenomenon is called "pannus". New vessels appear in the affected area, supplying blood to the pathological tissue.

      Classification of rheumatoid arthritis

      Seropositive RA, ICD-10 code – M05:

      • Felty syndrome – M05.0;
      • rheumatoid lung disease – M05.1;
      • vasculitis – M05.2;
      • rheumatoid arthritis involving other organs and systems – M05.3;
      • other seropositive RA – M05.8;
      • unspecified RA – M05.9.
      • Seronegative RA, ICD-10 code – M06.0:

      • Still's disease in adults – M06.1;
      • bursitis – M06.2;
      • rheumatoid nodule – M06.3;
      • inflammatory polyarthropathy – M06.4;
      • other specified RA – M06.8;
      • seronegative RA, unspecified – M06.9.
      • By rate of progression:

      • very early – the disease lasts up to six months;
      • early – from six months to a year;
      • advanced – the duration of the disease is more than a year in the presence of characteristic symptoms of RA;
      • late – more than two years + severe destruction of joints + presence of complications.
      • Classification by degree of activity:

        Variants of the course of RA:

      • long-term asymptomatic course - occurs in less than 10% of cases;
      • intermittent course - in 15-30% of cases, exacerbations of the disease are replaced by fairly long remissions;
      • progressive course - in 60-75% of patients, articular syndrome and multiple organ disorders gradually increase;
      • rapidly progressive - in 10-20% of cases, the disease is very aggressive, quickly leading to disability of patients.
      • Stages according to the X-ray picture:

      • 1 – periarticular osteoporosis (decreased bone density);
      • 2 – osteoporosis + narrowing of the interarticular space + single erosions;
      • 3 – signs of previous stages + many erosions + single subluxations of joints;
      • 4 – signs of previous stages + ankylosis.
      • How does the disease manifest?

        The pathology usually begins with nonspecific manifestations: increased fatigue, weight loss, loss of appetite, increased sweating, low-grade fever, muscle pain.

        The first signs of articular syndrome are pain in the small joints of the arms and legs, intensifying in the morning and subsiding in the evening, and morning stiffness, lasting at least an hour and disappearing during the day.

        The “favorite” joints for RA are:

      • metacarpophalangeal;
      • proximal interphalangeal;
      • 2-4-metatarsophalangeal;
      • wrist;
      • knee;
      • shoulder;
      • hip;
      • elbows;
      • ankle;
      • tarsal;
      • temporomandibular;
      • articulations between the cervical vertebrae.

      Rheumatoid arthritis affects both the musculoskeletal system and all other organs:

      Systemic manifestations of RA (so-called “rheumatoid disease”)

    67. symmetry of the lesion;
    68. the joint increases in volume, the skin over it is hyperemic;
    69. the function of the joints is impaired, the person can no longer perform the usual range of movements;
    70. muscles, tendons, joint capsules and bones are involved in the inflammatory process;
    71. muscle atrophy and muscle contracture develop around the joint;
    72. articular deviations – curvature of bones at joints, often manifested in patients as ulnar deviation of the “walrus fin” type;
    73. articular deformities – deformation of fingers like “swan neck”, “boutonniere”, “spider hand”.
    74. subluxations in the joints;
    75. ankylosis is the last stage of the pathological process: the joint is completely destroyed and replaced by bone tissue. The function of the joint is completely lost, patients cannot dress themselves, go to the toilet, close the door with a key, and so on.
      • weight loss up to complete exhaustion, cachexia;
      • constant fever, mainly in the evening;
      • dryness and thinning of the skin, the appearance of rheumatoid nodules on the skin - painless dense formations up to 1 cm in diameter;
      • vasculitis – destruction of blood vessels in all organs and tissues;
      • peripheral lymphadenopathy – enlargement of peripheral groups of lymph nodes;
      • enlarged spleen;
      • decreased number of red blood cells (anemia);
      • dry or effusion pleurisy;
      • chronic interstitial pneumonia;
      • myocarditis, exudative pericarditis;
      • glomerulonephritis, renal amyloidosis;
      • iritis, iridocyclitis;
      • polyneuropathy.
      • To confirm the clinical picture of RA, the patient must be prescribed a series of examinations that will accurately indicate the disease:

      • blood test: indicative of pathology is a decrease in the number of red blood cells, an increase in the level of platelets, leukocytes, and ESR. In addition to the general examination, acute phase proteins are also checked (C-reactive protein and sialic acids are necessarily elevated), rheumatoid factor, β2- and β-globulins, antibodies to cyclic citrulline-containing peptide, complement components, circulating antibodies;
      • examination of synovial fluid (after joint puncture): the resulting fluid is cloudy, with reduced viscosity, with protein flakes, many leukocytes and ragocytes (granulocytes) are found in it;
      • bone marrow examination (myelogram): there is an increase in the myeloid lineage, inhibition of other stem cells;
      • radiography of the affected joints: osteoporosis, narrowing of the interarticular space, erosive arthritis (usures), subluxations and ossification of the joints are observed;
      • arthroscopy: the technique allows you not only to examine with your own eye what is happening in the articulation cavity, but also to take a biopsy of the affected tissue;
      • MRI and CT of joints: perfectly visualize periarticular tissues and bones;
      • Ultrasound of the affected area: allows you to assess the amount of intra-articular fluid, the distance between adjacent bones, and the condition of the adjacent muscles.
      • Complete therapy for the disease covers both articular syndrome and extra-articular manifestations of the disease; it can be medicinal or do without medications.

        A course of therapy should only be prescribed by a qualified rheumatologist who is able to adequately determine the clinical form and degree of activity of the disease and knows how to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

        Rheumatoid arthritis of the knee: symptoms and treatment

        Knee joints are often susceptible to various diseases. This part of the human body experiences heavy loads associated with professional or sports activities. The development of diseases of the articular region is influenced by hereditary and acquired factors.

        Arthritis is a common type of knee disease. For some time, the disease was diagnosed mainly in older people, but over time it became younger. Let's talk about the symptoms and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis of the knee joint, and methods for preventing the disease.

        Definition and signs of the disease

        In arthritis, all joint parts are involved in the inflammatory process - bones, synovial fluid, cartilage tissue. The manifestation of the disease is limited movement, inflammation, and a constant feeling of discomfort in the knee area.

        Rheumatoid arthritis of the knee is a common type of disease. The disease usually affects both knees.

        The following are the causes of arthritis, which is often diagnosed in women:

      • previous knee injuries;
      • joint operations;
      • termination of pregnancy by abortion;
      • childbirth;
      • allergic diseases;
      • disruptions in the immune and hormonal systems.
      • There are also certain factors that influence susceptibility to the disease:

      • women from 30 to 40 years old;
      • chronic diseases caused by bacterial infections;
      • congenital diseases of the knee area;
      • heredity.
      • Existing symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis of the knee joint are divided into local and extra-articular:

        if it is an infection, then the pain is unbearable;

        the articular area swells, turns red, and becomes hot;

        the joint may become deformed

        Rheumatoid arthritis progresses slowly and often leads to changes in the structure of the joint. If you delay and do not seek medical help, the disease will lead to disability.

        Passing diagnostics

        When contacting the clinic, a visual examination is first carried out, then the motor activity of the joint is checked.

        X-rays are used for accurate diagnosis. The photographs show all joint changes and the extent of their damage. It is also possible to distinguish inflammatory processes occurring in bone tissue.

        In addition to x-rays, laboratory tests are prescribed. A general and biochemical blood test can determine the presence of inflammatory processes and signs of rheumatoid arthritis. If arthritis is present, the urine is often cloudy, low in viscosity, and has elevated white blood cells.

        Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis of the knee joint is carried out using the following methods:

      • conservative. This type of treatment allows you to help the patient get rid of pain, alleviate the general condition, restore motor activity of the joint if the disease has not taken an advanced form;
      • medicinal;
      • surgery.

    Each case of the disease is individual. Therefore, the doctor decides how to treat rheumatoid arthritis of the knee joint, based on the degree of the disease and the patient’s well-being at the time of seeking help. Let's take a closer look at each treatment method.

    The conservative technique consists of the following appointments:

  • Doctors recommend lifestyle changes. This includes a diet to lose weight and reduce stress on the knee joints, swimming, cycling;
  • a course of therapeutic exercises is prescribed to strengthen muscles and increase joint flexibility;
  • To ease the load, you can use a cane or crutches. It is advisable to wear orthopedic shoes, special knee braces (knee pads, elastic bandages, knee sleeves);
  • cold treatment (cryotherapy);
  • in case of exacerbation of the disease, laser therapy (15 sessions are enough to improve the condition).
  • If necessary, massage sessions and physiotherapy (phonophoresis using hydrocortisone, UHF) are prescribed.

    Ointments are prescribed that have a warming effect on the knee joint (Finalgon, Apizartron), as well as hormonal ones (Kenalog, Hydrocortisone). Hormones are prescribed only after a drug tolerability study, and when the symptoms of the disease are fully confirmed upon diagnosis. Such medications are indicated when others have not had the desired effect.

    It is recommended to take vitamins B and C, drugs that have a general strengthening effect on the body (Levamisole, Methyluracil).

    Surgery is prescribed in case of a rapid progression of the disease and when previous methods did not give the desired result. The operation can be performed in the following ways:

    1. arthroscopy (simultaneous diagnosis and treatment). Several small incisions are made in the knee joint, where an arthroscope (endoscope) is then inserted. Using the device, the doctor examines the damaged area, then cleans it of diseased tissue and restores it;
    2. arthroplasty . The essence of the operation is to completely or partially replace the damaged area of ​​the joint. Prostheses can be made of plastic or metal;
    3. osteotomy (restorative, surgical technique). Surgical intervention is prescribed if the bones are incorrectly positioned, causing the joint to receive an uneven load. This operation can completely stop the development of the disease.
    4. Find out how various methods of treating rheumatoid arthritis of the knee joint are carried out using photos.

      Preventive techniques

      To prevent arthritis from progressing to an advanced stage, or to prevent the disease, you should follow the preventive rules:

    5. Avoid hypothermia of the extremities. Try to keep your feet in cold water as little as possible;
    6. You cannot stay in a monotonous position for a long time (standing, sitting). If this is necessary due to the specifics of the work process, then be sure to alternate with different movements;
    7. if you are overweight, try to bring it back to normal;
    8. take vitamin complexes, include foods containing vitamin C in your food;
    9. try to give up smoking and excessive drinking of alcoholic beverages (if these habits are present);
    10. strengthen your immune system.
    11. The doctor only prescribes therapeutic measures. Recovery depends entirely on the patient's behavior, lifestyle and attitude.

      How to forget about joint pain forever?

      Have you ever experienced unbearable joint pain or constant back pain? Judging by the fact that you are reading this article, you are already familiar with them personally. And, of course, you know firsthand what it is:

    12. constant aching and sharp pain;
    13. inability to move comfortably and easily;
    14. constant tension in the back muscles;
    15. unpleasant crunching and clicking in the joints;
    16. sharp shooting in the spine or causeless pain in the joints;
    17. inability to sit in one position for a long time.
    18. Now answer the question: are you satisfied with this? Can such pain be tolerated? How much money have you already spent on ineffective treatment? That's right - it's time to end this! Do you agree? That is why we decided to publish an exclusive interview in which the secrets of getting rid of joint and back pain are revealed. Read more.

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