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Signs of arthritis and joint arthrosis

13 Jul 18

Symptoms and treatment of arthrosis and arthritis of the knee joint

Diseases of the knee joints are quite common. Injuries, excessive stress, infectious and metabolic disorders literally knock patients down and lead to severe disability. But few people know what arthritis and arthrosis of the knee joint are, what are the similarities and differences between these ailments.

Causes of arthrosis and arthritis

Arthrosis is a chronic degenerative lesion of cartilage and bone tissue in the joints. The disease occurs primarily due to congenital inferiority of the musculoskeletal system or secondarily as a result of exposure to unfavorable factors. Most often, gonarthrosis develops as a result of:

  • knee injuries;
  • excessive loads on the joint;
  • bacterial or viral infections;
  • endocrine and metabolic disorders;
  • chronic arthritis.
  • This disease affects people after 40 years of age. The incidence of knee arthrosis is increasing in patients of retirement age. The destruction of articular cartilage and underlying bone tissue irreversibly leads to impaired mobility and pain in the affected area.

    Arthritis of the knee joint is a group of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. They occur at any age, most patients are young people. The pathological process primarily affects the internal synovial membrane. In some cases, arthritis occurs as an autoimmune lesion. The body then begins to produce antibodies against its own cells and tissues, supporting the inflammatory response. With arthritis, it is possible that there is a primary lesion located outside the joints.

    The causes of inflammation are:

  • viral, bacterial infections;
  • parasitic diseases;
  • gout;
  • rheumatism;
  • autoimmune genetic disorders.
  • To understand how arthritis differs from arthrosis of the knee joint, we should list the main symptoms of these diseases.

    How to recognize arthrosis

    Manifestations of gonarthrosis are local in nature - all symptoms describe only the condition and functioning of the affected joint:

  • Pain on the inner or front surface that occurs when walking.
  • The greatest difficulty is going up or down stairs.
  • Unpleasant sensations pass in a state of rest.
  • There is instability in the knee joint.
  • There may be a crunching sound when moving.
  • Patients may feel worse when the weather changes.
  • Mobility in the joint is limited.
  • Episodes of “jamming” with pain that occur when a piece of cartilage is pinched.
  • In the morning, stiffness may appear, which goes away after 30-40 minutes.
  • The duration of symptoms is at least 1 month.
  • A typical difference between arthritis and arthrosis is that the occurrence of inflammation in the joint often occurs secondaryly, a connection with a general disease is visible, in addition to local symptoms, the clinic is determined by systemic manifestations - infection, damage to other organs (genitourinary tract, eyes, heart, pathologies of the immune system). Before the joint is involved in the process, there may be an increase in body temperature, weakness, lack of appetite, and loss of body weight.

    Arthritis manifests itself as follows:

    1. The joint area swells and the skin may turn red.
    2. Swelling of the lower leg appears.
    3. The pain is constant and may worsen in the evening or at night.
    4. In the presence of inflammatory fluid in the joint, a symptom of patellar balloting appears - when pressure is applied, it sinks inward, and when the hand is released, it “floats up” again.
    5. Due to swelling, the mobility of the knee joint is significantly impaired.
    6. The patient cannot lean on the sore leg - this leads to increased pain.
    7. Inflammation affects one or both knee joints, and the pain may have a migrating, “flying” nature.
    8. Long-term progression leads to fusion of the articular surfaces (ankylosis) with immobility, atrophy of the anterior group of thigh muscles.
    9. Arthritis can occur against or after characteristic skin manifestations:

    10. jaundice due to hepatitis B, C;
    11. ring-shaped erythema (redness) with rheumatism, Lyme disease;
    12. thinning and dryness with long-term rheumatoid arthritis;
    13. papules and erythema in reactive arthritis;
    14. maculopapular rash all over the body due to rubella.
    15. Comparison of manifestations of arthritis and arthrosis

      The described symptoms of arthritis and arthrosis of the knee joint do not always allow one to clearly distinguish one disease from another. Comparing the manifestations of the disease will help to understand this issue:

    16. Signs of arthrosis appear gradually, the symptoms of the first stage make themselves felt in the evening hours after heavy exertion. Arthritis develops acutely, without any connection with prolonged walking or work.
    17. The appearance of arthritis of the knee joint can be correlated with a previous infectious or systemic disease.
    18. With secondary arthrosis, symmetrical damage to joints that experience stress—knees, hips, and hands—more often occurs. Arthritis in most cases involves joints of different groups; the location of the lesion may change with the course of the disease.
    19. Arthrosis is characterized by the appearance of a crunching sound in the knee, which indicates wear and tear of the cartilage tissue. This symptom intensifies as the clinical picture worsens.
    20. Arthritis is characterized by severe swelling of the knee joint, redness of the skin, and increased local temperature. Arthrosis may be accompanied by some swelling that occurs with bursitis.
    21. It is worth dwelling on the description of the differences between arthritis and arthrosis of the knee joint on x-ray.

      Arthrosis manifests itself as follows:

    22. narrowing of the statutory gap;
    23. multiple osteophytes;
    24. compaction of articular surfaces;
    25. sclerosis of bone tissue;
    26. sharpening and stretching of the intercondylar eminence.
    27. Arthritis of the knee joint looks different in the picture. The only common feature is narrowing of the joint space:

      • microcysts in the heads of bones;
      • ankylosis of the joint;
      • with a large amount of fluid, the joint space may widen;
      • melting of bone heads (in severe cases);
      • osteoporosis and marginal erosion of bone tissue;
      • With tuberculous arthritis - bone cavities with pieces of necrotic tissue, destruction of articular surfaces, subluxations.

        Gouty arthritis of the knee joint has the following symptoms: round cysts in the bone tissue, a symptom of “swelling” of the bone edge, destruction of surfaces with replacement by urate masses.

        Patients are interested in the question: what is more dangerous: arthrosis or arthritis of the knee. This comparison is incorrect. Arthrosis is a chronic progressive disease that steadily leads to the destruction of joint tissue. Arthritis is an inflammation that can occur quite easily as one of the symptoms of an infectious process that can be completely cured (rubella, Lyme disease).

        If arthritis is of an autoimmune nature, develops in a child and has a malignant course, disorders in the musculoskeletal system quickly lead to disability of the patient, despite long-term and rather toxic treatment.

        Treatment methods for arthritis and arthrosis

        To understand how and how to treat arthritis and arthrosis, it is necessary to recall that the therapy of these diseases has different goals.

        The fight against arthrosis of the knee joint is aimed at preserving cartilage tissue. Treatment that combats the underlying mechanism of the disease is called basic treatment. For arthrosis this is:

      • drugs that block chronic inflammation (Artroker);
      • products containing “material” for the structure of cartilage tissue (Teraflex, Chondroguard, Dona, Structum).
      • To relieve pain, drugs that have a rapid anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect help. Treatment of gonarthrosis begins with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Paracetamol, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Nimesulide).

        If there is an effect from taking the medication, it is left, it can be used in combination with basic drugs, a local form of a non-steroidal drug - ointment, cream or gel. If there is no relief during regular treatment within 1 week, the remedy is changed.

        Severe pain syndrome requires injections of corticosteroid hormones directly into the knee joint (Kenalog, hydrocortisone acetate).

        Non-drug treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint consists of the following:

      • Unloading by refusing to walk long distances, climb stairs, use a cane for grade 1, 2 illness and crutches for grade 3 illness.
      • Body weight control. Prevention of obesity.
      • Physiotherapeutic treatment to resolve inflammation, improve local blood circulation (UV irradiation, magnetic therapy, paraffin therapy, electro- and phonophoresis with painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs).
      • Regular therapeutic exercises and massage at home to relieve muscle tension, improve blood flow, and maintain joint mobility.
      • The diet for arthrosis is aimed at maintaining normal body weight; the diet should contain a sufficient amount of animal protein and vitamins.
      • Treatment with folk remedies is aimed at reducing swelling and obtaining a local irritating effect. Followers of traditional medicine recommend infusions and decoctions of plants that remove excess salt and liquid - horsetail, nettle, St. John's wort, elderberry flowers, birch buds. Compresses with cabbage leaves and honey and medical bile are used locally.

        Surgical treatment of arthrosis or arthritis of the knee joint does not differ much. It consists of joint replacement when other methods of therapy are ineffective and there is severe dysfunction.

        If the disease develops as a result of a bacterial or viral infection, timely therapy with antimicrobial and antiviral agents should be started. The choice of drug for treatment depends on the type of flora and its sensitivity.

        To relieve inflammation, it is recommended:

      • taking NSAIDs (Indomethacin, Voltaren, Aspirin);
      • corticosteroid drugs.
      • The hormone therapy regimen depends on the type of disease and can vary: cutaneous application, intra-articular injections, oral administration (continuously, pulse therapy, in combination with other drugs).

        Basic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is aimed at inhibiting excessive immune reactions that trigger the disease, reducing inflammation, and preventing the development of sclerosis in tissues. For this purpose, various groups of funds are prescribed:

        For gouty arthritis, treatment with drugs that relieve inflammation and reduce uric acid in the blood is recommended.

        In the acute period, the joint is unloaded using orthoses with an O-shaped gel pad in the projection of the patella. If necessary, the patient can return to wearing this device after stabilization.

        After the exacerbation subsides, exercise therapy is recommended to maintain mobility in the joints and baths with Bischofite and sea salt.

        Physiotherapy is prescribed in the acute and subacute periods of arthritis. Light therapy, magnetic therapy, and ultrasound sessions are performed.

        For arthritis, it is recommended to eat enough vegetables and fruits, limit the use of table salt and have a high protein content in food. The exception is nutrition for gouty arthritis, in which you should adhere to a diet with a small amount of protein.

        Traditional methods of treating arthritis should be treated with caution, avoiding possible allergic reactions during drug therapy.

        Arthritis and arthrosis of the knee joint have different origins, clinical manifestations and approaches to treatment. Both diseases pose a danger to the patient; their aggressive course leads to dysfunction of the joint and severe disability.

        Signs and treatment of knee arthritis

        Treatment of knee arthritis should be comprehensive and should begin when the first alarming symptoms of the disease are detected. Lost time significantly increases the risk of complications, including loss of joint mobility, development of sepsis and disability.

        Inflammation that develops in the joint cavity and affects intra-articular and periarticular areas is called arthritis.

        According to statistics, inflammation of the knee joint, one or both, is most common, which is understandable from a physiological point of view:

      • knee joints can withstand heavy loads, each of them accounts for half of the body weight;
      • knee joints have low mobility and limited movement
      • A third of the diseases occur in children; women, especially after thirty years, are more susceptible to arthritis than men.

        Signs of knee arthritis

      • severe swelling of the joints;
      • limited mobility, stiffness when walking, squatting, moving;
      • “mechanical” pain in the front of the knee joint, which increases with movement;
      • heaviness in the legs;
      • swelling of the soft tissues of the legs;
      • hyperemia of the skin around the joint, local increase in temperature;
      • heat, fever, chills;
      • the sore leg is constantly in a bent state;
      • the kneecap of the straightened limb is hidden in exudate;
      • increased sweating;
      • enlargement of nearby lymph nodes;
      • lethargy, drowsiness, “weakness”;
      • loss of appetite;
      • decreased muscle tone followed by atrophy;
      • osteoporosis;
      • formation of rheumatoid nodules;
      • the appearance of abscesses, fistulas;
      • death of cartilage and soft tissues;
      • replacement of tissue in the joint with scar tissue;
      • erosion and fusion of articular surfaces
      • Stages of disease development

      • Pre-arthritic condition . There is hyperemia of the skin around the joint, severe pain appears when moving;
      • Arthritis phase. Ossification of the cartilage tissue begins, abscesses form due to inflammation of the synovial membrane, and the joint capsule thickens.
      • The post-aging phase occurs in advanced cases in the absence of treatment. Cartilage tissue is destroyed and replaced by bone tissue. Scar tissue grows and lacunae form in the bone tissue. The leg does not straighten completely, the phase is deforming in nature, due to which the gait becomes uneven, the limb lengthens or shortens. In severe cases, this phase ends with disability;
      • Chronic phase. There is pain, and the disease periodically relapses. A strong weather dependence appears.
      • The severity of symptoms depends on the degree of damage to the knee joint.

        Types of knee arthritis

        By localization of changes in the joint

      • Synovial, more common in childhood and adolescence, affects the synovial membrane of the joint. The acute course of the disease is characteristic.
      • Bone – changes the bone and cartilaginous articular surfaces in the joint.
      • Both forms can replace each other over time.

        According to the nature of the fluid accumulating in the joint

      • Serous arthritis
      • Suppurative arthritis
      • Serous-purulent arthritis
      • Due to illness

      • Infectious: streptococcal, staphylococcal, tuberculosis, gonococcal;
      • Allergic;
      • Rheumatic;
      • Psoriatic;
      • Gouty;
      • Juvenile rheumatoid;
      • Immunoallergic;
      • Post-vaccination;
      • Post-traumatic;
      • Exchange;
      • Reactive
      • What is the difference between arthritis and arthrosis of the knee joint?

        Diseases affecting the joints, arthritis and arthrosis, have similar features, but it is important to understand the key difference: with arthrosis, only the joints are affected, while arthritis is only one of the symptoms signaling the occurrence of pathological processes in the body.

      • joint pain that increases significantly with movement;
      • crunching of affected joints;
      • decreased range of motion of the diseased joint;
      • change in the appearance of an arthritic joint
      • Therapeutic measures are aimed at:

      • Elimination of the inflammatory process in and around the joint;
      • Pain relief;
      • Normalization of metabolic processes;
      • Regulation of tissue nutrition;
      • Increased immunity;
      • Normalization of body weight;
      • Restoring joint mobility;
      • Prevention of recurrence of the disease
      • To relieve inflammation in the joint, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used:

      • tablets: ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, diclofenac and analogues, nimesulide, rheumoxicam;
      • ointments and creams: finalgon, deep relief, ketonal, ortofen, diclofenac;
      • injections: hydrocortisone, aprotinin, diprospan (the medicine is injected directly into the joint cavity);
      • compresses and lotions on the area of ​​the affected joint: dimexide.
      • If arthritis is infectious, then antibiotics are used for treatment, prescribed by a doctor.

        To increase immunity, chondroprotectors are used; the dosage and duration of the course are selected by a specialist, assessing the patient’s condition, the degree of damage to the joint, the results of tests and examinations.

        Excess weight negatively affects the health of the knee joints. However, when limiting the amount of food during arthritis, it is important not to upset the balance of microelements and vitamins. The diet should be balanced.

        List of prohibited products:

      • dishes rich in “fast” carbohydrates (baked goods, muffins, cream, white bread)
      • low alcohol and alcoholic drinks
      • fast food, crackers, snacks, chips
      • food with nutritional supplements
      • sweet carbonated drinks
      • smoked sausages, lard
      • poultry meat
      • vegetable soups
      • lean fish
      • greens, white cabbage, green peas, cucumbers, tomatoes
      • sprouted wheat grains
      • currants, baked apples, red grapefruits, fruit jelly
      • eggs
      • bread, pasta from durum wheat
      • dairy products
      • drink about two liters of clean drinking water daily
      • Meals are frequent, but small. After 18 hours it is not recommended to eat, only drink water.

        1. Electrophoresis - under the influence of electromagnetic pulses, drug particles penetrate directly to the site of inflammation and directly affect it.
        2. Ultrasound is based on the positive clinically proven effect of high-frequency ultrasound pulses on various parts of the human body.
        3. Magnetotherapy reduces the inflammatory process, improves blood properties and blood circulation in the joint, promotes lymph flow (relieves swelling), promotes tissue regeneration
        4. Physiotherapeutic methods of treatment are popular, especially for children, because they do not cause pain, maintain the integrity of the skin (unlike injections), are accessible and have a direct, quick effect.

          Physiotherapy

          Many people with knee joints affected by arthritis wonder: is it possible to play sports in their situation?

          Exercise therapy is not only not prohibited, but is also indicated for the treatment of knee arthritis, provided that the load is adequate. Therapeutic exercises are recommended in the initial stages of joint diseases with stiffness and loss of mobility.

          The exercises that Dr. Bubnovsky developed, coupled with massage, will help prevent the degradation of cartilage and bone tissue in the joints.

          Performing exercises is possible only after the muscles are warmed up (charging, warming up, massage are necessary). The duration of the exercises should increase gradually. The end of the workout is stretching.

          Exercises are performed in a lying/sitting position:

        5. Lying on your back, bend your legs and press them to your pelvis. Alternately bend and straighten your legs. Perform 20-25 times;
        6. Starting position – lying on your back. Bend your legs alternately, lifting your feet.
        7. Exercise "bicycle".
        8. Extend one leg, lift the other and press it to the body. Stay in this position for a few seconds, then change legs.
        9. Lying on your back, alternately raise your legs above the floor at a height of 20 cm and hold for 10-20 seconds.
        10. Lying on your stomach, try to touch your buttock with the heel of your bent leg, then change legs and do the exercise in the same way. Perform the exercise smoothly.
        11. Sitting on a chair, raise your legs one by one, keeping your foot parallel to the floor for 10 seconds.
        12. Swing your legs to the side while standing behind a chair.
        13. Swing your legs back and forth, resting on the back of the chair
        14. From this video, you will understand how these exercises are performed.

          User reviews on the Internet indicate the effectiveness of charging along with its simplicity and accessibility.

          Alternative medicine offers to get rid of pain and discomfort in the knee joint by making herbal remedies at home.

        15. Apple cider vinegar diluted in water, 1 tsp. for 0.2 liters of water. Take before meals, 4-5 times a day. Course duration is 3-4 weeks. You need to be careful with this treatment for stomach diseases;
        16. A compress from potato tubers is prepared as follows: tubers that have turned green during storage, thoroughly wash and chop (do not peel), heat in hot water, squeeze and place on the sore knee through a layer of cloth. Place oilcloth on top and wrap warmly. Potatoes will relieve pain and inflammation. It is recommended to make compresses throughout the week;
        17. To prepare a garlic alcohol tincture, you need to peel and chop 5 medium-sized heads of garlic, place them in a glass container, pour a bottle of vodka and leave in a cool, dark place for 10 days, shaking the mixture regularly. Take 1 tsp. before eating;
        18. Add 10 drops of garlic juice to 0.2 liters of warm milk and drink before meals. Repeat the procedure 3-4 times a day;
        19. Baths with a decoction of birch buds provide a good therapeutic effect;
        20. Mix crushed dandelion heads during flowering and vodka (alcohol) in a 1:1 ratio. Leave in a dark, cool place for 2 weeks, strain. Rub the tincture into the joints, rub and wrap with a warm scarf.
        21. In addition to medications, the use of auxiliary aids - canes, crutches - is recommended to maintain healthy joints. The knee brace will keep the joint in the correct position, reduce the load, and serve as a prevention of relapse of the disease.

          Arthritis is an insidious disease. In some cases, arthritis itself becomes a complication of other diseases, in others it entails even greater complications. At the first symptoms of the onset of a pathological process in the joint, you should seek medical advice. The diagnosis and treatment must be determined by a doctor; self-medication can be dangerous.

          Arthritis of the knee joint (drives): symptoms and signs of this disease

          Knee arthritis (gonitis) is an acute or chronic inflammation that affects one or both knee joints.

          There are several types of inflammation of the knee joint:

        22. rheumatoid arthritis (gonitis) is a fairly common type of disease, most often affecting women over 30 years of age, but can occur at any age;
        23. reactive drive - occurs as a result of various infectious diseases, including rheumatism;
        24. arthrosis-arthritis (osteoarthrosis) - develops when there are circulatory disorders in the tissues of the knee joint and is characterized by inflammatory and degenerative processes in cartilage and bone tissue, thinning of the cartilage and the formation of growths and compactions on the articulating bones.
        25. There are other types of knee arthritis that develop with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatism, psoriasis, gout, and tuberculosis.

          How and why the disease occurs

        26. hereditary predisposition;
        27. concomitant diseases (chronic foci of infection, congenital defects of the musculoskeletal system);
        28. female;
        29. age over 45 years.
        30. Provoking factors:

          • viral or bacterial infections;
          • knee injury;
          • joint surgery;
          • childbirth, abortion;
          • allergy;
          • administration of any vaccine or serum.
          • A possible cause of the development of knee arthritis (gonitis) may be exogenous (external) and endogenous (internal) factors. Exogenous causes include some viruses, bacteria, and allergens. Of the endogenous causes, a large role is played by the characteristics of the immune system, imbalance of sex hormones and genetic factors.

            The symptoms of knee arthritis vary depending on the cause of the disease. But at the same time, there are signs that are universal for any arthritis. There are three main symptoms of knee arthritis: pain, swelling and deformity.

            The pain during driving is usually diffuse in nature. In the initial stages of the disease, it occurs periodically and intensifies after physical activity. At the same time, pain in the knee joint can be quite sharp and severe after a long rest, in the morning after sleep, or when walking quickly. In the morning, stiffness and stiffness in the joint may also bother you, which gradually decrease during the day. With infectious arthritis, pain in the knee joints can be unbearable.

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            Another important symptom that characterizes knee pain or arthritis is swelling. The joint increases in volume, the skin over it may be hot to the touch and hyperemic. These signs indicate an inflammatory process in the joint. Long-term progression of the disease leads to deformation of the knee joint. This is especially true for rheumatoid arthritis and arthrosis-arthritis.

            With rheumatism, systemic lupus erythematosus and reactive arthritis, deformation develops very rarely. Most often, this type of pain is benign in nature and does not lead to serious dysfunction of the joints.

            2. Extra-articular symptoms

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            In addition to local signs, there are also general symptoms of this disease. They depend on the type and cause of arthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis, the onset of the disease is characterized by general malaise, a slight increase in body temperature, decreased appetite, weight loss, palpitations, and sometimes sweating.

            With an acute onset, the general symptoms are quite pronounced. Often several joints are affected at once. Rheumatism is characterized by an acute onset, associated with a past infection (sore throat, scarlet fever). Fever and chills appear.

            In some types of knee arthritis, symptoms may be extra-articular in nature. The following organs are affected:

          • eyes - keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, uveitis;
          • lungs - pneumonitis, alveolitis, interstitial fibrosis of the lung (cough, shortness of breath, wheezing);
          • heart - pericarditis, myocarditis, heart defects (shortness of breath, palpitations, heart pain);
          • gastrointestinal tract - chronic enterocolitis (stool disorders, abdominal pain, weight loss);
          • kidneys - glomerulonephritis, renal amyloidosis, chronic renal failure (swelling, increased blood pressure, lower back pain, increased or decreased amount of urine excreted, frequent urination at night);
          • blood vessels - systemic vasculitis, Raynaud's syndrome, capillaritis, etc.
          • Arthritis of the knee joint (gonitis) often has a slow progressive course with alternating exacerbation and remission and ultimately leads to persistent dysfunction of the joint and its deformation.

            3. Laboratory and instrumental signs

            In the general blood test: increased ESR, increased number of leukocytes, eosinophils, platelets, anemia.

            A biochemical blood test reveals signs of inflammation - CRP, seromucoid, the presence of the so-called rheumatoid factor.

            X-ray examination of the knee joints can reveal periarticular osteoporosis, narrowing of the joint space, erosions and nodes in the bone tissue, and ankylosis. The severity of these changes depends on the stage of arthritis.

            How does a doctor distinguish persecution from other diseases?

            Typically, the symptoms of this disease make it easy to diagnose knee arthritis. The situation is more difficult with the differential diagnosis of arthrosis and arthritis of the knee, as well as various types of arthritis.

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            Osteoarthritis is characterized by a gradual, sometimes imperceptible onset. Morning stiffness is mild and does not exceed 30 minutes. The pain is “mechanical” in nature: it occurs or intensifies when walking, in the evening hours, and decreases with rest, at night.

            The radiograph shows signs of cartilage degeneration and osteophytes. Blood tests usually show no significant signs of inflammation or rheumatoid factor. Unlike osteoarthritis, with rheumatoid arthritis the onset is usually acute or subacute, and the general symptoms are quite pronounced.

            With infectious persecution (tuberculous, septic, urogenital) there is an acute onset, accelerated development, sharp pain, exudative phenomena - swelling, hyperemia in the joint area. Characterized by high fever with large temperature changes, pronounced inflammatory changes in the blood, and rapid effect of antibacterial therapy.

            With gouty arthritis of the knee, the symptoms include acute, paroxysmal joint pain, the presence of tophi (gouty nodules), characteristic changes in the composition of the blood (increased levels of urate and uric acid). Gout occurs more often in men.

            Thus, arthritis of the knee joint (gonitis) is a serious disease, in many cases it can lead to permanent deformation of the joint and impairment of its function, that is, to disability. Early diagnosis and timely treatment in most cases prevent these complications. Therefore, if symptoms characteristic of gonitis appear, you should urgently consult a doctor.

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            Signs of arthrosis of the knee joint: how to recognize it at an early stage?

            The course of joint diseases is accompanied by pain, joint blockage and inflammation. Arthrosis is no exception, when articular cartilage tissue begins to deteriorate. It is important to know the signs of arthrosis of the knee joint in order to seek medical help in time and begin timely treatment of the disease.

            Knee arthrosis can develop not only in older people. The pathological process is typical for young people in the presence of certain reasons, which we will discuss further.

            Disease does not arise out of nowhere. The development of pathology occurs gradually. You need to learn to listen to the signals that the body gives in order to immediately begin therapeutic measures.

            The course of arthrosis is accompanied by a change in the structure of the articular cartilage, and subsequent deformation of the damaged limb. You can see what the affected limb looks like with arthrosis of the knee joint in the photo below.

            Reasons for the development of pathology

            There are two main reasons leading to knee arthrosis:

          • existing articular pathology, which can develop at any age (the earliest);
          • the next category of reasons relates to secondary ones. Arthrosis can develop against the background of injury to the knee joint, and with mechanical damage of various types.
          • The reasons for the development of pathology include excess weight, at which the joint experiences high loads.

            Initial symptoms of arthrosis

            It is easier to combat any pathology in the initial stages of its course. This also applies to joint arthrosis. It is necessary to listen to the signals that the body gives. So, the first signs of arthrosis of the knee joint include:

          • pain begins to occur while walking;
          • knee pain appears immediately after waking up, or staying in one position for a long time;
          • it becomes difficult to move up the stairs;
          • the pain goes away during rest.
          • Main signs of arthrosis

            You should seek medical advice if you have the following signs of arthrosis of the knee joint, manifested by symptoms such as:

          • pain in the knee area begins to gradually move to the lower leg;
          • pain increases with certain physical activity (descending, climbing stairs, long walks or staying in one position for a long time);
          • feeling of stiffness, tightness under the knee;
          • the pain is of such intensity that it is difficult or impossible to straighten the limb;
          • swelling and soreness after waking up in the morning;
          • the pain subsides with rest.
          • If you ignore the listed symptoms of knee arthrosis, the disease will progress to more severe stages. When moving to subsequent stages of development of the pathology, the pain becomes more intense, and the swelling no longer disappears in a calm state.

            When arthrosis moves to the second stage of development, a crunching sound is heard in the knee during physical activity. Crunching and clicking of the knee indicate that the structure of the articular surfaces has begun to change, and bone growths (osteophytes) have begun to form. The joint cavity is almost completely filled with pathological fluid.

            At the last stage of development of the pathology, you can only move with bent knees. The gait and shape of the limbs changes. The knee becomes larger in size, the swelling does not disappear. A similar picture of the development of the disease occurs in the chronic form of arthrosis. With advanced arthrosis, the joint becomes jammed during certain movements. The limb cannot be straightened or bent at the knee. Partial or complete blocking of the injured limb occurs due to the tension of the joint ligaments, their extension beyond the end surfaces of the bones.

            Depending on the symptoms of arthrosis of the knee joint, treatment is prescribed, which includes complex techniques. At the initial stage of the disease, and the average degree of development of the pathology, treatment consists of traditional methods (a course of medications, physiotherapeutic procedures, special physical exercises, massage sessions).

            At an advanced stage of arthrosis, a conservative technique is used after surgery and is included in complex rehabilitation therapy.

            Signs on X-ray

            To diagnose arthrosis, laboratory and hardware treatment methods are used. Use the following hardware diagnostics:

            With the initial development of the pathology, radiological signs of arthrosis of the knee joint are noticeable, based on structural changes in the bone surfaces.

            During radiographic diagnostics, the injured limb is examined in three positions. It is necessary to determine how narrowed the joint space is, and how this indicator affected the articular elements:

            the position of the condylar tubercles in relation to the condylar fossa is assessed;

            how the bases of the patella are superimposed on the femur area

            The first projection photograph can be taken in two positions: the patient lies or stands. If the injury to the knee joint has a mechanical cause, and there is suspicion of damage to the ligamentous apparatus, then the photographs are taken standing. This way you can examine the injured knee under load. A photograph taken in a frontal projection must be combined with a photograph from a lateral position.

            To examine the knee joint in the lateral projection, the patient lies on his side and relaxes the injured limb. If the photo is taken in a standing position, then the load on the joint is eliminated. Using the image in the second projection, you can assess the condition of the articular surface and determine the height of the patella.

            X-rays of direct and lateral projections can show a clear picture of the development of arthrosis.

            The initial development of pathology will be indicated by such radiological signs as:

          • slight narrowing of the joint space, noticeable in the inner part of the joint;
          • less often, pointed edges of the condylar surface are found on the outer (lateral) side of the joint. With the viral nature of the development of the pathology, the edges of the condyles become sharper on both the outer and inner sides of the joint.
          • The images will show the presence of osteophytes (overgrowth of bone tissue), and pointed tubercles on the eminences of the condyles. Such signs indicate stage 2 of the development of arthrosis of the knee joint.

            When arthrosis begins to progress, the following points will be noticeable during an X-ray examination:

          • the joint space becomes narrower in comparison with the initial development of the pathology;
          • signs of osteosclerosis are visible in the area of ​​the most loaded articular area;
          • osteophytes are detected on various articular surfaces;
          • cysts may appear;
          • synovitis (fluid accumulation in the joint cavity);
          • uneven surface of the tibia and femur;
          • noticeable deformation of the bones of the knee joint;
          • in some cases, calcareous bone plaque is detected on the articular surfaces;
          • necrotic formations can be detected on the bone tissue of the condyles.

        Of all the listed indications, the main radiographic sign is narrowing of the joint space of the injured limb. It is on this basis that the stage of development of the pathology is determined.

        How to forget about joint pain forever?

        Have you ever experienced unbearable joint pain or constant back pain? Judging by the fact that you are reading this article, you are already familiar with them personally. And, of course, you know firsthand what it is:

      • constant aching and sharp pain;
      • inability to move comfortably and easily;
      • constant tension in the back muscles;
      • unpleasant crunching and clicking in the joints;
      • sharp shooting in the spine or causeless pain in the joints;
      • inability to sit in one position for a long time.
      • Now answer the question: are you satisfied with this? Can such pain be tolerated? How much money have you already spent on ineffective treatment? That's right - it's time to end this! Do you agree? That is why we decided to publish an exclusive interview in which the secrets of getting rid of joint and back pain are revealed. Read more.

        Categories : Prevention

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