Vascular pathologies of the lower extremities are often diagnosed in patients and often cause death. In recent years, such diseases are increasingly being detected in young patients, and this happens under the influence of various reasons.
Symptoms of vascular diseases of the legs depend on the type of disease, the patient’s health status and the individual characteristics of his body. Treatment is carried out using medications, surgery and physical therapy.
Vascular diseases of the legs can be caused by a variety of reasons and factors.
Recently, vascular diseases of the lower extremities are increasingly being detected not only in older people, but also in young patients.
The following reasons can provoke such a pathological state of the body:
A sedentary lifestyle can also cause pathology of the blood vessels in the legs, so experts recommend walking at least 30 minutes a day. The uncontrolled use of certain groups of drugs, which cause pathological changes in blood vessels and thrombus formation, has an adverse effect on the human body.
As a person ages, the content of elastin and collagen in connective tissue decreases noticeably. The walls of blood vessels are no exception, and with age their patency decreases markedly.
Different diseases - different symptoms!
There are various diseases of the vascular system of the legs, and each of them is accompanied by the appearance of certain symptoms:
Using Doppler ultrasound, you can evaluate the movement of blood in the lower extremities
In order to get a complete picture of the state of the circulatory system, a comprehensive examination of the patient is usually carried out. Thanks to modern methods and instruments, specialists are able to find out how blood circulates in the vessels, whether there are narrowings and how much the venous walls are changed.
To identify vascular pathologies of the legs, the following diagnostic methods can be used:
After diagnostics and diagnosis are made, the necessary treatment begins immediately.
Treatment is prescribed depending on the type and stage of the disease
Therapeutic treatment of leg vessels is aimed at solving the following problems:
Depending on the situation, thrombus-absorbing, decongestant, anti-inflammatory and other pharmacological agents in the form of ointments, sprays and tablets may be prescribed.
If there are indications, surgical intervention is prescribed using modern minimally invasive technology.
This or that type of operation is prescribed taking into account the results of the study and the general condition of the patient.
Treatment of vascular pathologies of the lower extremities can be carried out using the following types of operations:
In the initial stages of circulatory diseases, treatment can be carried out with the help of physical therapy. A specially selected set of exercises helps improve blood movement in the lower extremities and avoid blood clots.
In addition, you can use traditional medicine to treat vascular pathology of the lower extremities. For this purpose, it is recommended to use various mixtures, infusions and ointments prepared on the basis of medicinal herbs and extracts of animal origin. It is important to remember that the use of traditional medicine is allowed only after consultation with a specialist.
More information about varicose veins can be found in the video:
In order to avoid the development of pathologies of the blood vessels of the legs, it is recommended to carry out some preventive measures:
If you experience any minor discomfort in your legs, you should consult a specialist and undergo a diagnosis. Any disease is easier to prevent than to treat, so preventive measures should be followed.
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Diseases affecting the veins, arteries, capillaries and vessels of the legs are quite common in the modern world. The development of pathologies can be caused by both hereditary factors and lifestyle characteristics: bad habits (especially smoking), standing or sedentary work, excess weight. Vascular diseases of the legs constitute a large group of pathologies. Among them you can identify the development of the most common diseases:
During the development of these pathologies, partial or complete blockage of the lumen of arteries and veins may occur, which prevents the normal passage of blood, the delivery of oxygen and necessary nutrients to the tissues of the lower extremities. In the absence of adequate, timely assistance, there is a risk of developing irreversible, difficult to eliminate consequences - even death.
There are a number of pathologies that can become the root cause of diseases of the veins and blood vessels. Problems with the veins can be observed in diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, persistent, pathological increase in the amount of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in the blood plasma, and in various systemic, chronic diseases. In this case, efforts should be aimed at eliminating the root cause.
At the initial stage, the symptoms of diseases of the veins of the lower extremities do not bother the patient and a timely visit to the doctor may be postponed indefinitely.
The most common symptoms that may begin to develop with the progression of any disease affecting the veins, arteries, blood vessels and capillaries:
Patients at risk should know what the main signs of pathology of the vessels and veins of the lower extremities look like. Alarming symptoms include the development of the following conditions:
Even with minor manifestations of problems with blood vessels, you need to undergo a comprehensive examination in order to quickly and irreversibly eliminate the cause of the disease
All of these manifestations of the disease are alarm bells that require an in-person examination by doctors and a comprehensive examination. Patients should understand that as some pathologies progress, it is no longer possible to cure the disease completely. For this reason, you should not self-medicate and postpone your visit to the clinic.
The decision on how to treat vascular diseases of the legs is made by the doctor, taking into account the nature of the origin of the pathology, as well as its symptoms. During therapy, an integrated approach is used: the use of drugs, physiotherapy procedures, traditional methods of treatment, the use of compression hosiery, and the performance of therapeutic exercises.
If these treatment methods are ineffective, the doctor may decide to use radical methods of therapy.
Medicines that a doctor may prescribe during treatment:
Preparations for external use can be applied under elastic bandages to enhance the positive therapeutic effect.
The necessary medications for vascular diseases can be prescribed by a phlebologist or vascular surgeon
Among physiotherapy procedures, special attention is paid to: UHF, mud applications, pine and hydrogen sulfide baths.
Treatment with folk remedies can have the desired effect at the initial stage of the disease, in combination with physiotherapy procedures and the use of medications.
Folk remedies are effective in the initial stages of diseases
Problems with blood vessels in the legs can occur in people of all genders and all age groups. Self-medication is unacceptable, since in most cases it does not have the necessary therapeutic effect and entails the development of complications. At the first manifestations of the disease, you should immediately contact doctors of the following specialties: phlebologists, vascular surgeons or therapists.
Soreness, swelling, heaviness in the legs, spider veins and venous nodes are all unpleasant consequences of weak blood vessels. To avoid these and more serious problems, it is necessary to strengthen the blood vessels in the legs in a timely and correct manner.
The development of diseases of the blood vessels of the legs - capillaries, arteries and veins - occurs for various reasons. All the reasons are based on a specific feature of the location of the vessels - their distance from the heart and the need to push blood from the bottom up - from the legs to the heart. The causes of the disease may be associated with vascular deformation, blockage, excessive expansion, loss of elasticity of the walls, inflammatory processes on the walls, etc. In connection with the occurring pathological changes, the type of vascular damage also develops:
Changes in the vascular system of the lower extremities have similar manifestations. They change their shape and functional properties, which ultimately ends in their hypofunction, as well as the development of serious diseases of the lower extremities, the tissues of which do not receive full oxygen and nutrition.
High static and dynamic loads associated with professional or sports activities contribute to the development of pathological changes. Alcohol abuse, smoking and poor diet with a large amount of animal fats have a negative effect on blood vessels. In the development of vascular diseases, the main role is played by hereditary predisposition, lack of physical mobility and diseases against which the destruction of blood vessels occurs.
Weakness of blood vessels is characterized by signs of poor circulation in the legs:
An integrated approach to the problem plays an important role in strengthening the blood vessels of the lower extremities. You shouldn't solve it yourself. You should definitely contact a phlebologist. After the examination, he will prescribe special exercises along with pharmacological drugs and give recommendations on proper nutrition.
The strength of vascular walls is related to the composition of the blood, namely, the presence of vitamins and minerals in it. To increase the strength of the walls, vitamins C, P and E are prescribed, which affect the restoration of the muscular framework of large vessels - veins and arteries.
If the process of circulatory disorders has gone far enough and vitamin preparations are ineffective, then drug therapy is used. Basic means that are prescribed in such cases:
Regular use of drug therapy restores the structure of the tissues of veins and arteries.
Important! Medicines are taken in courses that must be strictly followed and not interrupted, even if the condition has improved.
Strengthening blood vessels through training is an essential component in complex treatment and prevention. It has been proven that many problems with the vascular system begin with dysfunction of capillaries - the smallest blood vessels. After all, the life of every cell in the body depends on their condition, since they deliver both oxygen and nutrition to the cellular structures, while at the same time removing metabolic products from them.
The simplest and most accessible gymnastics for capillaries is vibration. Exercises should be done in the morning, while still lying in bed. Raising your arms and legs up, you need to finely vibrate them. This kind of vibration massage redistributes lymph, tones the capillaries of the extremities, which helps cleanse these vessels of toxins and waste. The latter, entering wider blood vessels, are excreted from the body.
Another vibration exercise is called the “goldfish”. You need to lie on a flat surface, on your back, put your hands under your neck, pull your toes strongly towards you and, tensing, begin to vibrate your whole body. This original exercise helps reduce tension on the spine and restore capillary blood circulation in the legs and arms.
The weakness of large veins located deep in the tissues of the legs can lead to serious pathologies - varicose veins and thrombophlebitis. To eliminate venous congestion, you can go swimming in the pool. This is a wonderful workout for the whole body and the vascular system of the legs. You can also perform simple exercises at home:
This is an approximate set of exercises for the blood vessels of the legs, which can be supplemented with other exercises. There is no need to complete the entire complex at once. You can divide it into 2-3 parts. If you have problems with the blood vessels in your legs, you should do gymnastics regularly, twice a day at a convenient time.
If there are no contraindications for jogging, then it will also help strengthen the blood vessels in the legs. You should not eat before a run.
Attention! Be sure to check your blood pressure. High blood pressure, like low blood pressure, is a contraindication for running.
In order to strengthen weak blood vessels in the legs, you need to follow simple recommendations:
By performing at least this minimum of physical activity, you can prevent the threat of developing varicose veins, thrombosis and other vascular diseases of the legs.
Today, vascular diseases of the legs occur quite often in patients. These include diseases that disrupt the functioning of the arteries, capillaries and vessels of the lower extremities. The frequent manifestation of such ailments is explained by both hereditary factors and the lifestyle of modern people. It is the second reason that is most common in the modern world, since a person has begun to move much less, all movements are replaced by modern modernized technology. In addition, more and more products that negatively affect the body are appearing in stores.
Experts identify certain diseases that concern the vessels of the lower extremities, which are very common in patients. These include the following diseases:
1. Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the arteries of the lower extremities. It is formed due to the consumption of large amounts of fatty foods. It contains cholesterol, which does not dissolve in the body, is deposited on the walls of blood vessels, as a result, narrows the passage into them, and in some cases, a blockage occurs. Atherosclerosis is a rather dangerous disease, as it can provoke the development of coronary heart disease. This disease is quite easy to detect:
Atherosclerosis is mainly observed in older people over 50 years of age. At first, the disease does not manifest itself in any way and is detected only during a routine examination.
2. Endarteritis. The disease develops very slowly and affects the arteries of the legs. With this disease, the arteries become blocked, resulting in the appearance of dead tissue in the lower extremities, and blood circulation is not carried out. Obliterating diseases of the vessels of the lower extremities can be detected with the following manifestations:
Endarteritis is very easy to detect by the color of the skin, since with the development of this disease it changes color quite quickly, since there is no blood flow.
3. Varicose veins. The development of the disease does not occur quickly; symptoms accumulate over a long period of time. The disease affects the function of the veins in the legs; they become less flexible and, as a result, become completely straightened. There is the formation of tubercles or in some places a large accumulation of veins in a certain area. The disease develops due to a malfunction of the valves, resulting in reverse blood flow, which leads to dire consequences. The disease is quite easy to detect:
Varicose veins very often occur due to a hereditary factor. The disease is dangerous because it can cause disruption of the veins in the body, causing blood clots to form, which will lead to the development of thrombophlebitis.
4. Vascular obstruction. The disease can occur in people at any age, and the disease causes changes in the walls of the arteries. Its development can be triggered by other vascular diseases, for example, embolism or thrombosis. Vascular obstruction can occur after injury to an artery or compression. The disease manifests itself as follows:
Vascular obstruction is a rather serious disease, so do not delay visiting a doctor when the first signs appear.
5. Blockage of deep veins. Vascular diseases of the lower extremities can manifest themselves in the form of blocked veins. This disease is characterized by the appearance of blood clots in the veins. A rather rare disease, it occurs only in 10-20% of the total population of the planet. Its symptoms are as follows:
Basically, this disease develops as a consequence of the development of complications with varicose veins with the occurrence of infections. If a person discovers symptoms of this disease, then he should immediately consult a specialist.
6. Thrombosis of the saphenous veins. This disease is a companion to varicose veins. Very often, the development of these diseases occurs together. The disease can be detected by the following signs:
Thrombosis is very dangerous because it disrupts the movement of blood flow, and this can negatively affect the functioning of the heart.
Vascular diseases can have similar symptoms. Therefore, one disease can be mistaken for another. To prevent this from happening, you should seek help from specialists. The following signs may be the reason for this:
Vascular disease of the lower extremities is very dangerous for the body, as it can lead to the development of other ailments that affect the functioning of vital organs.
Vascular disease in the legs can be caused by the following factors:
There are certain factors that can trigger the development of vascular diseases of the legs. To avoid this, it is necessary to lead an active lifestyle, as well as carefully monitor your health and undergo the necessary preventive examinations.
Today, peripheral vascular diseases are quite easy to detect. For this purpose, modern technology is used, which makes it possible to identify the disease even at the very initial stage. To identify the exact disease, you need to undergo examination:
Currently, only modern equipment is used in medical institutions, so the patient should not experience pain or discomfort during diagnosis.
If a person is diagnosed with vascular diseases of the lower extremities, treatment includes a set of certain measures:
Peripheral vascular diseases vary in complexity, so treatment is prescribed by a specialist individually after examinations.
To avoid the occurrence of vascular disease in the legs, it is necessary to take preventive measures. Prevention includes:
By following the correct daily routine and being active, you can avoid any health problems.
Vascular diseases of the legs are quite common. They have their own specifics, which is associated with the distance of the lower extremities from the heart and the need for blood to rise from bottom to top. Vascular diseases of the legs are associated with their deformation, expansion, blockage, narrowing, and inflammation. The type of lesion depends on the structure of the wall: veins are subject to stretching of the wall and expansion of the lumen, while arteries are characterized by muscle atrophy and narrowing of the lumen. Due to these changes, the vessels cannot perform their functions normally, blood circulation is disrupted, which is fraught with serious consequences, including amputation of limbs.
Vascular diseases can be associated both with high loads on the lower extremities, for example, in athletes and people who spend most of their time on their feet, and with low mobility. Bad habits and an unbalanced diet have a negative effect on blood vessels. Heredity also plays a role in the development of diseases.
This group includes a number of diseases that can be divided into two types:
The disease develops gradually and usually appears after 50 years. Characterized by partial or complete blockage of arteries with cholesterol plaques.
Doctors include the following reasons:
At the initial stage, atherosclerosis does not manifest itself in any way, and is often discovered by chance during an examination by a doctor.
Symptoms of the disease are caused by impaired blood circulation:
The diagnosis is made based on the patient’s story about his lifestyle, instrumental and laboratory tests. The attending physician prescribes to the patient:
For atherosclerosis, complex treatment is carried out, including diet, medication, and physical therapy. As a rule, anticoagulants are prescribed as medications to prevent the formation of blood clots. In cases of significant closure of the lumen of the vessel, a surgical operation (bypass surgery) may be indicated, during which a shunt is inserted into the artery to widen it and restore blood flow.
This is one of the most complex vascular diseases of the legs. Endarteritis is characterized by damage to the walls of the arteries, leading to their narrowing (sometimes complete closure) and impaired circulation in the lower extremities. Usually, with obliterating endarteritis, changes occur in large vessels. It has been observed that people who smoke are more likely to suffer. The disease is diagnosed mainly in men aged 20-40 years, women practically do not get sick.
The causes of obliterating endarteritis have not been precisely established.
It is assumed that the impetus for the development of the disease can be:
The main symptoms of endarteritis:
The disease is considered incurable. To alleviate the condition, patients should adhere to the following recommendations:
In severe cases, surgical treatment may be prescribed: arterial bypass, removal of the affected area of the vessel.
If left untreated, the disease can progress rapidly, leading to leg amputation.
This is a very common disease of the veins of the lower extremities, characterized by decreased elasticity of the venous walls and valve failure, as a result of which blood stagnates in the veins, the vessels dilate, lengthen, and form protruding nodes under the skin. The disease most often affects women. The exact causes of varicose veins are not clear. Provoking factors include:
Symptoms develop gradually - from milder to more severe manifestations:
Varicose veins of the legs are completely incurable, but they must be controlled, otherwise serious complications may develop. Treatment of leg vein disease should be comprehensive and last a lifetime. Therapeutic methods include:
This is inflammation of the walls of the veins with subsequent disruption of blood vessels and deterioration of blood circulation. The main reasons for the development of phlebitis are as follows:
The disease can be both acute and chronic. With phlebitis, thrombophlebitis often develops, that is, in addition to inflammation of the walls of the veins, their blockage (partial or complete) with a blood clot is added.
This disease is characterized by inflammation of the walls of the veins with a simultaneous increase in blood viscosity, the formation of blood clots, narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels and poor circulation. Blood clots are life-threatening because they can break off and enter any part of the circulatory system, including the pulmonary artery. Often thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities develops with varicose veins, but there are other causes of the pathology:
Thrombophlebitis that develops with varicose veins usually affects the lower part of the thigh and the upper third of the lower leg. The following symptoms are noted:
Treatment of thrombophlebitis primarily involves taking blood thinners to prevent blood clots, followed by anti-inflammatory drugs. If a blood clot is present, surgical intervention is indicated to remove the blockage of the vein. In addition, it is necessary to wear compression hosiery, use gels, massage, and physical exercises that improve blood circulation in the veins.
Inflammation of the deep veins and the formation of blood clots in them is called thrombosis. A thrombus quickly forms, and if it is not tightly attached to the wall of the vein, it can break off at any time and move along the vascular bed.
The main causes of thrombosis are as follows:
In addition, provoking factors include:
Symptoms of the disease are not always clearly expressed. Thrombosis can be suspected based on the following signs:
Treatment of thrombosis can be conservative and surgical. In the first case, drugs of the following groups are prescribed:
In addition, elastic bandaging or wearing compression stockings is recommended.
Vascular diseases of the legs can lead to irreversible changes, deterioration in quality of life, disability and even death. Therefore, it is important to treat them at the very beginning of development. It’s even better to practice prevention: get rid of bad habits, eat right, maintain normal weight, exercise, and avoid stress.
The human body is penetrated by a network of arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels. There is not a single organ independent of the general blood and lymph circulation. Performing the difficult role of a pipeline, the vessels obey the brain and spinal cord and are controlled by its signals, responding to a certain concentration of hormonal substances in the blood and following the instructions of the immune system.
Vascular diseases are not isolated. They are always associated with the manifestation of general failures in the regulation of life support.
The arteries deliver nutrients to tissues and organs, and supply oxygen necessary to support the required level of energy production and cell function.
Venous vessels must cope with a heavy load, collect waste blood with harmful substances, as well as carbon dioxide, and deliver them upward against gravity to the heart and liver.
An exception is the pulmonary blood vessels: the artery leaves the right ventricle and carries venous blood to the lungs to exchange carbon dioxide molecules for oxygen. And along the venous branches, oxygenated blood collects and enters the left atrium.
From the center to the periphery, the diameter of the vessels decreases, and the structure of the walls changes. The smallest capillaries approach the cells. It is they who have the ability to pass delivered oxygen and nutrients through their shell and take away waste.
The capillaries of the kidneys form the glomerular system and retain everything necessary in the blood, removing unnecessary toxic substances into the urine. Peripheral vascular diseases primarily affect capillary blood flow as the extreme point of blood circulation and communication with tissues. Failure of oxygen supply leads to a state of hypoxia (oxygen starvation), in which cells gradually die without treatment.
Symptoms of vascular pathology indicate the localization of insufficient blood supply. It is customary to distinguish:
Diseases develop suddenly, are accompanied by acute symptoms, or develop gradually, not making themselves felt for years.
The causes of pathological changes in blood vessels include:
The appearance of vascular changes is promoted by diseases:
The central vessels have the responsible task of supplying blood to the heart and brain. The most common cause of vascular pathology is an atherosclerotic process in the coronary and cerebral arteries or at a short distance (in the aorta, vertebral, carotid and subclavian arteries).
The consequence of the formation of atherosclerotic plaques is narrowing of the artery, a tendency to increased thrombus formation, and tissue ischemia.
Ischemia of the heart muscle develops in response to insufficient blood flow into the coronary vessels that supply the myocardium. As a result, chronic or acute manifestations are possible.
Scheme for installing a stent in a vessel: the balloon is deflated and removed along with the catheter, and the mesh frame remains and expands the lumen
Symptoms of chronic ischemic disease are:
In acute myocardial ischemia, infarction (necrosis of muscle tissue) develops. The clinic depends on the following factors:
The pain is very intense (cutting), radiates in the same way as with angina, Nitroglycerin does not help.
Shortness of breath can develop into suffocation and pulmonary edema in case of acute heart failure.
A widespread infarction is accompanied by cardiogenic shock, which causes secondary vascular damage (spasm and thrombosis of the capillary network) and promotes thromboembolism. Therapeutic anti-shock measures are extremely complex and are aimed at preserving the patient’s life.
Ischemia of the cerebral arteries develops not only due to atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels. It is believed that the first manifestations can be found on the walls of the carotid arteries. Blood retention in the vertebral vessels during diseases and injuries of the spine makes the brain dependent on the condition of the cartilage tissue and skeletal system.
Atherosclerotic plaques are often localized in the area where the carotid artery divides into internal and external branches
Chronic ischemia develops gradually and is detected in old and senile age. Patients experience:
Acute ischemia manifests itself as ischemic stroke. It occurs more often at night or in the morning, after a short period of warning signs.
Depending on the location of the lesion, the patient exhibits:
The disease serves as an example of damage to peripheral arteries due to a malfunction of the leading parts of the central nervous system. An excess of sympathetic influence on the muscle membrane leads to a short-term spasm of the blood vessels of the brain and internal organs. Manifestations of dystonia are very diverse:
The disease affects up to 80% of urban residents. It is detected in children in adolescence after overwork or infection. Treatment consists of a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and medications that calm the nervous system.
The most common peripheral vascular diseases include:
With atherosclerotic lesions in the artery there is no area with obliterated walls, but an atherosclerotic plaque is located inside
Obliteration of the vessels of the legs is caused by nonspecific (without a pathogen) inflammation of the entire wall. Most often this is an autoimmune process that tends to be inherited. Mostly middle-aged men are affected. Great importance is attached to the smoking factor. Nicotine has a toxic effect on the peripheral vessels of the legs. Obliterating endarteritis affects middle-aged men, and atherosclerosis of the leg arteries affects older people. The symptoms are:
Varicose veins of superficial and deep veins begin with loss of tone and sagging of the subcutaneous vessels. This shows up:
The patient's feet at the stage of initial trophic changes
Damage to deep venous trunks leads to more pronounced symptoms:
A special form of varicose veins is hemorrhoids. This pathology complements bowel movement disorders due to intestinal diseases and a sedentary lifestyle. The expansion of the external hemorrhoidal veins and the internal vascular ring leads to the following consequences:
Mild varicose veins are treated by:
In severe cases, only surgical techniques help. The doctor selects treatment depending on the depth and diameter of the damaged vessels (sclerotherapy methods, radiofrequency ablation) or offers surgery to remove the entire vein.
Thrombophlebitis complicates the course of varicose veins by the addition of internal or external infection. The inflamed area appears red, swollen, and hot to the touch. Palpation is painful. Thrombophlebitis is most often localized in the superficial veins of the legs and arms. May be accompanied by elevated body temperature and pain.
The disease is associated with dangerous consequences - the separation of part of the blood clot, its transformation into an embolus with the flow of blood into the femoral vein, portal vein, inferior vena cava and right atrium. From here an unobstructed path to the pulmonary artery opens.
Thrombosis of the branches of the pulmonary artery leads to infarction of part of the lung, and blockage of the main vessel causes instant death. A similar complication may occur in the patient in the postoperative period. Therefore, when preparing for surgical interventions, thrombosis prevention is always carried out (tight bandaging of the legs, a course of anticoagulants).
A large non-healing ulcer on the lower leg is one of the forms of manifestation of lost nutritional functions of the skin and muscles
Diseases of the peripheral vessels of the legs in a severe stage are accompanied by gangrene of the toes and overlying parts. Therapeutic measures are designed to prevent tissue necrosis. Vascular pathology is especially severe against the background of diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis of the femoral artery.
To prevent damage to the vascular bed, it is necessary to maintain the tone of the walls, which means that the diet should always contain vitamins from vegetables and fruits.
Dietary requirements for the treatment of arterial atherosclerosis: exclude fatty and fried foods, sweets, and alcohol. Be sure to consume low-fat dairy products and fish.
Smoking should be treated as a serious obstacle to the treatment of the disease. Any, even the most modern treatment, will not be successful if you continue to smoke.
Movement is the key to healthy blood vessels. Daily gymnastics activates blood flow in small capillaries and peripheral veins. You should not engage in strenuous sports or prolonged physical work. Walking, swimming, Pilates are recommended.
Due to the variety of forms of diseases, vascular problems are dealt with by: cardiologists, therapists, surgeons, neurologists, phlebologists, neurosurgeons. If symptoms occur, it is necessary to undergo examination and begin treatment. This will help prevent dangerous complications.