Social groups most susceptible to shoulder tendonitis:
Factors that provoke shoulder tendinitis:
The capsule of the shoulder joint is formed by 5 muscles: supraspinatus, teres minor, infraspinatus, subscapularis (forms the rotator cuff) and biceps major (biceps). Since the socket of the shoulder joint only partially covers the head of the humerus, the load when holding it in the correct position and during movements falls on the muscle tendons.
Tendon tissue is capable of regeneration. The tension that arises from heavy workload disappears during the period of rest. The lack of respite after hard work leads to microtrauma (the appearance of microcracks) in the ligamentous apparatus of the shoulder and the development of inflammation. Most often, ligaments are damaged at the point of attachment to the bone, then inflammation affects the entire muscle capsule and other periarticular structures. With continued exposure to the irritating factor, adhesions with ossification elements occur in the tendons. Rupture of the muscle capsule is possible due to significant degenerative thinning of the tendons.
The onset of tendinitis is associated with the sudden onset of acute or dull aching pain. The pain intensifies when you try to lift your arm up (take a cup from a high shelf, put on a sweater, etc.). Often, increased pain at night leads to insomnia. Palpation of the damaged tendon is accompanied by pain.
Important! Unlike arthritis, in which the pain is constant and diffuse, with tendonitis the pain is localized, occurs only when performing certain movements and disappears at rest.
Passive movements are usually not limited. Depending on the location of inflammation, characteristic signs are present:
The patient is able to raise his arm only 90°; holding even a small load becomes problematic; throwing his arm behind his back is impossible.
Inflammation of the shoulder tendons leads to thickening of the joint capsule. On the affected side, thickening can reach 2 mm. A local inflammatory reaction is characteristic: slight swelling, redness and local hyperthermia. Sometimes an effusion forms in the vagina of the damaged tendon, followed by suppuration.
Tendinitis is often accompanied by calcification of the tendons. At the site of micro-tears, rough adhesions are formed, which reduce the range of both active and passive movements of the shoulder. Calcific tendinitis (tendinosis) is characterized by the prevalence of symptoms of tendon degeneration and ossification. When listening to the joint with a phonendoscope, and often at a distance, crepitus (creaking, crunching) is heard. The development of degeneration leads to thinning of the tendons, limb weakness, and possible rupture of the joint capsule.
Inflammation of the tendons of the shoulder joint develops in waves with a gradual deterioration of the condition.
Mild aching pain occurs only periodically with sudden movements. The x-ray does not show any changes in the joint.
Painful sensations are more pronounced, limited active movements appear. X-ray reveals signs of osteosclerosis and periostitis, the formation of osteophytes located on the tubercles of the humerus is recorded.
Painful attacks last up to 8 hours. Pain occurs even at rest. X-ray: the gap between the head of the humerus and the acromion is narrowed, the upper subluxation and erosions on the anterior edge of the acromion are recorded.
The diagnosis of tendinitis is established on the basis of characteristic clinical signs and motor tests (limitation of certain movements). To confirm the diagnosis, the treating specialist may prescribe:
Therapeutic measures for shoulder tendinitis depend on the stage of the pathology.
At stage I of tendinitis development, it is enough to temporarily eliminate the load on the shoulder and limit its mobility (immobilization). Pain-causing movements should be avoided for 2-3 weeks. Therapeutic exercises to strengthen the shoulder muscles and increase mobility are carried out with a gradual increase in load.
Important! Prolonged immobilization increases the risk of developing adhesive arthritis.
Also indicated are NSAID drugs, taken orally for up to 5 days and topically. Local therapy with NSAIDs is carried out for 2 weeks. during the acute period. In case of prolonged course, ointments that improve blood flow (with capsaicin, etc.) are effective.
Stage II requires supplementing treatment with injections into the joint cavity (lidocaine, bupivacaine in combination with triamcinolone). Short-acting anesthetics are used in the diagnosis of pathology; long-acting drugs are used for therapeutic effect. Muscle relaxants are used only for severe pain and in rare cases (many side effects).
Important! Corticosteroid injections can reduce collagen production, thereby reducing the elasticity of the tendons. Therefore, hormonal treatment is carried out only in the acute period with an interval of 2-3 weeks. Not recommended for biceps tendinitis.
Physiotherapeutic procedures speed up recovery: electro- and phonophoresis, magnetic currents, cryotherapy, laser treatment, ultrasound and paraffin baths.
At stage III, with the above treatment, resection of the anterior part of the acromion process is performed. Surgical removal of scar tissue and partial excision of tendon aponeuroses is indicated when conservative measures fail and narrowing of blood vessels develops.
To prevent the development of tendonitis, you should avoid prolonged heavy loads on the shoulder and combine hard work with short rest. You should not test your body's strength; hard work should be preceded by a warm-up, and it is advisable to increase the load gradually (by 10% during physical exercise).
If the slightest pain occurs, a short rest is necessary. The effectiveness of tendonitis treatment depends on the patient’s compliance with all medical recommendations and the correct implementation of special therapeutic exercises.
The inflammation of the tissues through which muscles attach to bones is called tendinitis. Most often, the disease occurs at the junction of the tendon and bone, but in some cases, tendinitis develops along the tendon. Everyone is equal to this disease, regardless of gender, age and profession. But there is still a category of people who develop tendinitis somewhat more often than others. These include people over 40 years old due to age-related changes in the tendons and those who play sports or physical labor due to frequent stress on the same area.
The inflammatory process can develop almost anywhere where there is a tendon. Tendinitis of the base of the thumb, shoulder, elbow, knee and hip joints, as well as the heel tendon, is often encountered. Knee tendinitis is most common in children and adolescents.
The most common causes of tendinitis are:
- significant physical stress on the joint for a long period of time. Tendonitis of the shoulder joint quite often occurs in tennis players, shot throwers or hammer throwers, painters, gardeners and gardeners;
- infections caused by bacteria, such as gonorrhea;
- presence of rheumatic diseases (gout or arthritis);
- allergic reaction of the body to medications;
- anatomical features of the body structure. Different limb lengths contribute to the development of knee tendinitis;
— weakened tendons or their improper development;
- failure to maintain correct posture.
The most noticeable symptoms of tendinitis are pain and limited mobility. Pain at the site of inflammation and nearby areas is persistent and does not go away for a long time. The pain may appear suddenly, but sometimes the soreness increases as the inflammation increases. There is increased sensitivity when palpating the affected tendon.
Also among the symptoms of tendinitis is a creaking sound audible from a distance, which is formed during movement of the affected limb. Redness and hyperthermia may be noted over the tendon. The course of the disease is complicated by calcium deposits in the joints, which weakens the joint capsule and tendon.
Shoulder tendonitis reduces shoulder mobility and range of motion. In the passive state there is no pain. One of the alarming symptoms of tendinitis is pain that increases towards night, which can cause sleep disturbance not only due to its severity, but also due to the forced position of the body.
Patients with knee tendinitis experience difficulty walking, running, going up or down stairs. Problems with holding objects in your hands and performing various actions occur when the tendons in the forearm are inflamed.
First of all, with tendonitis, you need to ensure complete rest. For these purposes, crutches or a cane are suitable for damage to the lower extremities, and a bandage, splint or splint is necessary for tendinitis of the shoulder joint. Anti-inflammatory drugs and painkillers are also prescribed; ointments with a similar effect can be used topically.
Corticosteroid injections directly into the lesion have a good effect in the treatment of tendinitis. With their help, painful sensations are quickly eliminated and the inflammatory process attenuates. Physiotherapeutic treatment has been successfully used as an addition to the main treatment.
In case of ineffectiveness or severe inflammation, antibiotics are prescribed. In the most extreme cases, surgery is necessary.
It should be remembered that treatment of tendonitis will bring the desired effect only if the patient follows the recommendations regarding rest of the affected limb. Maintaining the same rhythm of work will provoke further development of the disease.
Preventing tendonitis is much easier than treating it later. Regardless of what type of physical activity is coming, it is necessary to warm up before starting it.
During physical activity, the pace of the load should be increased gradually; it is not recommended to work at the limit of your strength. If the slightest sign of pain appears, you should change your activity or take a rest. If pain continues to appear when performing any actions, it is better not to return to them in the future.
To prevent shoulder tendinitis, it is advisable to avoid work that is performed with your arms raised up. If the profession obliges you to do this, it is necessary to periodically give proper rest to the upper limbs.
In most cases, tendonitis can be avoided by refraining from performing repetitive movements with the same joint for a long time.
During training sessions, the musculoskeletal system is subjected to quite significant mechanical stress, therefore, intense training sessions can lead to microtrauma (minor tissue damage), especially to muscles and tendons, as well as the capillary network and connective tissue. With normal rest, tissues not only heal, but also adapt (remodel) their structures so that they can more easily withstand mechanical stress during training and competition activities. In the case of inadequate rest, the fatigue process exceeds the remodeling process, as a result of which microtrauma gradually accumulates and turns into a so-called chronic or fatigue injury. Tendinitis is the most common fatigue injury in sports.
Tendinitis (lat. tendo - tendon) - syn. tendinosis is one component of a number of conditions. Most often, this is a degenerative process in the tissue of the tendon itself. The initial response of the tendon to chronic overload is swelling and microscopic breakdown of collagen
1) (syn. degradation) in biology - the process of simplification, reverse development;
2) in pathology - see Dystrophy. .
There may also be an inflammatory process in the area of the tendons covered by the synovial membrane.
The most common cause of tendonitis is increased physical activity and microtrauma . When working, the places where muscles attach to the bone skeleton experience heavy loads. If this load is regular and excessive, tendon tissue and cartilage tissue at the attachment points undergo degenerative changes. Small areas of necrosis appear
With prolonged physical activity, the cartilage tissue between the tendon fibers degenerates, ossifies, and bone growths appear - spines, osteophytes
Tendinosis or tendinopathies indicate excessive load on a given muscle. Most often, tendinosis occurs in athletes, since the load on their muscles is prohibitive.
Rheumatic diseases can also lead to tendinosis
Pain during active movements involving the affected tendon, while similar passive movements are painless. On palpation
Also known as tennis elbow
Antonym: medial edge. .
The main pathology is repetitive trauma to the extensor muscles, predominantly the extensor carpi radialis brevis, which leads to fibrosis
Clinical features. The pain is usually felt on the lateral aspect of the elbow and may radiate up along the shoulder or down along the outer forearm. Athletes may gradually feel weakness in the hand area and have difficulty lifting a cup, twisting clothes, or even shaking hands. There is usually a clear focus of tenderness over the lateral epicondyle and on the outer elbow when the flexed middle finger is extended against resistance. An X-ray of the elbow joint usually does not show significant changes, and only magnetic resonance imaging helps to clarify the location and nature of the damage.
Antonym: lateral edge. .
De Quervain's disease is a stenosing tendovaginitis of the extensor brevis and abductor pollicis longus muscles, accompanied by narrowing of the first canal of the dorsal carpal ligament. With this pathology, the following symptoms are observed: pain when extending and abducting the thumb, pain when palpating the styloid process of the radius. De Quervain's disease is also determined by a positive Elkin test. This test consists of bringing the tip of the thumb together with the tips of the index finger and little finger. If the test subject feels pain, the test is positive.
Another name is stenosing tenosynovitis of the extensor carpi ulnaris. Accompanied by a narrowing of the VI channel of the dorsal ligament of the wrist. Symptoms: pain in the area of the styloid process of the ulna, swelling in the same area.
Chronic patellar tendinitis is more commonly known as “jumper’s knee.”
Initially, the athlete complains of pain after physical activity. Gradually, the pain is felt during exercise, and over time it does not leave him even during rest. During examination, pain can be caused by active extension, as well as direct pressure on the affected tendon. To identify possible intratendinous calcification, an x-ray should be taken using the nuclear magnetic resonance method. The reaction in the tendon is not due to biomechanical deviation, but to excessive loading, therefore, treatment should include a change in the magnitude of the load. Cold, ultrasound and non-steroidal drugs are also used. It is advisable to stretch the quadriceps muscles, as well as use eccentric strengthening exercises. Concentric strength-oriented exercises should be avoided. Corticosteroid injections are contraindicated for this condition because direct injection into the tendon weakens the tendon and may cause patellar tendon rupture. If the disease has reached a stage where there is significant swelling of the tendon, surgical intervention is usually recommended.
In the literature, you can find many reports of patellar ligament rupture, especially in weightlifters. It should be noted that there is a strong relationship between the use of anabolic steroids and this injury . It is unknown at this stage whether anabolic steroids actually have such a negative effect on tendons.
Degenerative changes can occur in the area where the quadriceps tendon attaches to the superior pole of the patella. Pathogenesis
Tibialis posterior tendonitis or post-tibialis tendonitis (tibialis; anat. tibia tibia) is a strain of the tibialis posterior tendon, which is located along the inside of the lower leg and medial ankle. Dysfunction of this muscle, which supports the arch of the foot, leads to the development of flat feet. In turn, flat feet lead to excessive pronation
Post-tibial tendonitis develops when the muscles of the lower leg are constantly overstrained. Long-term pronation of the foot with flat feet can lead to dysfunction of the tibialis posterior muscle. Muscle overstrain, chronic microtrauma , and tendon strain accumulate, leading to the development of tendinitis . In the initial stage of the disease, swelling and pain disappear after a short rest, but when the process becomes chronic, the discomfort becomes permanent.
At an early stage, conservative treatment is usually recommended to relieve the inflammatory process: rest, cold, ultrasound, laser or magnetic physiotherapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, systemic enzyme therapy drugs, etc.
During the acute stage, rest is necessary, but physical exercise (physical therapy) should be started as early as possible. It is recommended to perform stretching and strengthening exercises. It is possible to use special fixing devices (bandages, bandaging). You should also pay attention to the specifics of a particular sport , as well as the use of various exercise equipment in order to reduce the degree of load.
When examining patients with chronic tendinitis , magnetic resonance imaging is often used. Areas with abnormal impulses indicate degenerative changes in the tendon and the need for surgical intervention. The tendinous area is treated by excision of hypertrophic degenerative tissue, followed by repair and treatment in accordance with the methods used for acute rupture. Postoperative treatment is the same as after recovery.
Surgery is recommended if a program of physical therapy and various conservative treatment methods have failed, if there are signs of stenosing tendonitis , or if Osgood-Schlatter disease is present. Dissection or partial excision of tendon aponeuroses, as well as excision of scar tissue, is performed. Rehabilitation after surgery usually lasts 2-3 months and includes gradual use of stretching and strength-building exercises. Return to sports activity is allowed after 3-4 months.
Tendinitis is a disease of the tendon. Accompanied by inflammation, and subsequently by degeneration of part of the tendon fibers and adjacent tissues. Tendonitis can be acute or subacute, but is more often chronic. Typically, tendonitis affects the tendons located near the elbow, shoulder, knee and hip joints. The tendons in the ankle and wrist joints may also be affected.
Tendinitis can develop in a person of any gender and age, but is usually observed in athletes and people with monotonous physical labor. The cause of tendinitis is too high loads on the tendon, leading to microtrauma. As you age, your likelihood of developing tendonitis increases due to weakening of ligaments. In this case, calcium salts are often deposited at the site of inflammation, that is, calcific tendinitis develops.
A tendon is a dense and strong inelastic cord formed by bundles of collagen fibers that can connect muscle to bone or one bone to another. The purpose of tendons is to transmit movement, ensure its precise trajectory, and also maintain joint stability.
With repeated intense or too frequent movements, the fatigue processes in the tendon prevail over the recovery processes. A so-called fatigue injury occurs. First, the tendon tissue swells and the collagen fibers begin to break down. If the load is maintained, islands of fatty degeneration, tissue necrosis and deposition of calcium salts subsequently form in these places. And the resulting hard calcifications further injure the surrounding tissues.
A high level of physical activity and microtraumas rank first among the causes of tendonitis. Some athletes are at risk: tennis players, golfers, throwers and skiers, as well as people engaged in repetitive physical work: gardeners, carpenters, painters, etc.
However, in some cases, tendonitis can also occur for other reasons, for example, due to certain rheumatic diseases and thyroid diseases.
Tendonitis can also result from a number of infections (for example, gonorrhea), develop as a result of the action of medications, or due to abnormalities in the structure of the bone skeleton (for example, with different lengths of the lower extremities).
Tendonitis usually develops gradually. At first, a patient with tendinitis is bothered by short-term pain that occurs only at the peak of physical activity on the corresponding area. The rest of the time there are no unpleasant sensations, the patient with tendonitis maintains his usual level of physical activity.
Then the pain syndrome due to tendonitis becomes more pronounced and appears even with relatively light loads. Subsequently, pain due to tendinitis becomes intense and paroxysmal and begins to interfere with normal daily activities.
On examination, redness and a local increase in temperature are detected. Sometimes swelling appears, usually mild. Pain is detected during active movements, while passive movements are painless. Palpation along the tendon is painful. A characteristic sign of tendinitis is a crunching or crackling sound during movement, which can be either loud, easily audible at a distance, or detectable only with the help of a phonendoscope.
Lateral epicondylitis, also known as lateral tendonitis or tennis elbow, is an inflammation of the tendons that attach to the extensor muscles of the wrist: the extensor carpi brevis and longus muscles, as well as the brachioradialis muscle. Less commonly, lateral tendonitis affects the tendons of other muscles: the extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor radialis longus, and extensor digitorum communis.
Lateral tendinitis is one of the most common diseases of the elbow joint in traumatology, occurring in athletes. This form of tendonitis affects about 45% of professionals and about 20% of amateurs, who play on average once a week. The likelihood of developing tendinitis increases after age 40.
A patient with tendonitis complains of pain along the outer surface of the elbow joint, often radiating to the outer part of the forearm and shoulder. Gradually increasing weakness of the hand is noted. Over time, a patient with tendinitis begins to experience difficulties even with simple everyday movements: shaking hands, twisting clothes, lifting a cup, etc.
Palpation reveals a clearly localized painful area on the outer surface of the elbow and above the lateral part of the epicondyle. The pain intensifies when trying to straighten the bent middle finger against resistance.
X-rays for tendonitis are not informative, since the changes affect soft tissue structures rather than bones. To clarify the location and nature of tendinitis, magnetic resonance imaging is performed.
Treatment for tendinitis depends on the severity of the disease. In case of mild pain, you should avoid putting stress on your elbow. After the complete disappearance of pain, it is recommended to resume the exercise, initially in the most gentle mode. In the absence of unpleasant symptoms, the load is subsequently increased very smoothly and gradually.
For tendonitis with severe pain, short-term immobilization using a light plastic or plaster splint, local non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ointments and gels), reflexology, physiotherapy (phonophoresis with hydrocortisone, electrophoresis with novocaine solution, etc.), and subsequently - physiotherapy.
For tendonitis accompanied by persistent pain and the absence of effect from conservative therapy, blockades with glucocorticosteroid drugs are recommended.
The indication for surgical treatment of tendonitis is the ineffectiveness of conservative therapy for one year with reliable exclusion of other possible causes of pain.
There are 4 methods of surgical treatment of lateral tendonitis: Heumann's laxative operation (partial cutting of the extensor tendons in the area of attachment), excision of the altered tendon tissue with its subsequent fixation to the lateral epicondyle, intra-articular removal of the annular ligament and synovial bursa, as well as tendon lengthening.
In the postoperative period, short-term immobilization is recommended. Then therapeutic exercises are prescribed to restore range of motion in the elbow joint and strengthen the muscles.
Medial epicondylitis, also known as pronator and flexor tendonitis, or golfer's elbow, develops when the tendons of the palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and pronator teres tendons become inflamed. Medial tendonitis is detected 7-10 times less often than lateral tendinitis.
This disease develops in those who are engaged in light but monotonous physical labor, during which they have to perform repeated rotational movements of the hand. In addition to golfers, medial tendonitis often affects assembly workers, typists and seamstresses. Among athletes, tedninitis is also common in those who play baseball, gymnastics, tennis and table tennis.
The symptoms are similar to lateral tendonitis, but the painful area is on the inside of the elbow joint. When bending the hand and pressing on the area of injury, pain occurs above the inner part of the epicondyle. To confirm tendinitis and assess the nature of the process, magnetic resonance imaging is performed.
Conservative treatment is the same as for lateral tendinitis. If conservative therapy is ineffective, a surgical operation is performed - excision of the altered sections of the pronator teres and flexor carpi radialis tendons with their subsequent suturing. After the operation, short-term immobilization is prescribed, and then physical therapy classes.
Patellar tendinitis, or jumper's knee, is an inflammation of the patellar tendon. Usually develops gradually and is primarily chronic. Caused by short-term, but extremely intense loads on the quadriceps muscle.
In the initial stages of knee tendinitis, pain occurs after exercise. Over time, pain begins to appear not only after, but also during physical activity, and then even at rest. When examining a patient suffering from tendonitis, pain is detected when actively extending the leg and when pressing on the area of damage. In severe cases, local swelling may occur. An MRI is prescribed to confirm tendinitis.
Conservative therapy for tendinitis includes avoidance of stress, short-term immobilization, local anti-inflammatory drugs, cold and physical therapy (ultrasound). Blockades for this type of tendinitis are contraindicated, since the administration of glucocorticosteroids can cause weakening of the patellar tendon with its subsequent rupture.
The indication for surgical treatment of patellar tendonitis is the ineffectiveness of conservative therapy for 1.5-3 months or mucous degeneration of the tendon identified on MRI. During the operation, the damaged area is excised and the remaining part of the tendon is reconstructed.
The choice of surgical procedure (open - through a regular incision or arthroscopic - through a small puncture) depends on the extent and nature of the pathological changes. If the ligament is pinched due to a bone spur on the patella, arthroscopic surgery is possible. For extensive pathological changes in the tendon tissue, a large incision is necessary.
After surgery, a patient with tendonitis is given a plastic or plaster splint. Subsequently, restorative therapeutic exercises are prescribed.
Tendonitis (tendinosis, tendinopathy) is an inflammatory process occurring in the tendon. It most often occurs where the tendon connects to the bone. Sometimes inflammation can spread to the entire tendon and right down to the muscle tissue.
All the causes of this disease can be divided into four large groups.
Tendinitis occurs due to improper and excessive use. Let's look at the reasons for specific types of disease:
Tendinitis begins its development due to a congenital or acquired structural feature of the human skeleton.
Congenital structural features of the skeleton include curvature of the legs in the “X” and “O” positions or flat feet. Because of this anomaly, tendinitis of the knee joint often develops. This occurs due to improper knee position and constant dislocations.
Acquired features include different lengths of the lower extremities, which cannot be adjusted by wearing special orthopedic shoes. This causes tendinitis of the hip joint.
The third group of causes of tendinosis combines all the changes in tendons that occur with age. This includes a decrease in the number of elastin fibers and an increase in collagen fibers. Because of this, with age, the tendons lose their normal elasticity and become stronger and more immobile. These age-related changes during physical exercise and sudden movements do not allow the tendons to stretch normally, which is why sprains appear at different times and in different fibers.
This group includes other causes that can cause tendinopathy. These include infectious diseases (especially sexually transmitted infections), autoimmune diseases (lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis), metabolic problems (for example, gout), iatrogenics, neuropathies and degenerative processes in the joints.
The main symptom of tendonitis is pain. Painful sensations in the early stages of the disease appear only after physical exertion or when performing exercises. Only sharp, active movements are painful; the same movements (passive only) do not cause pain. Basically, the pain is dull, felt on the side or along the ligament. Also, palpation of the diseased area causes discomfort.
If no treatment is taken, the pain can become constant, severe and sharp. The joint will become inactive, the skin at the site of inflammation will turn red and there will be an increase in body temperature. Nodules may also appear at the site of the inflamed tendon. They appear due to the proliferation of fibrous tissue with prolonged inflammation. With tendonitis of the shoulder joint, calcifications often appear (nodules with high density that form as a result of the deposition of calcium salts).
If left untreated, the tendon may rupture completely.
To keep the tendons in good shape, you need to eat beef, jelly, jellied meat, liver, chicken eggs, dairy products, fish (especially fatty fish and preferably aspic), nuts, spices (turmeric has a beneficial effect on tendons), citrus fruits, apricots and dried apricots, sweet peppers . For tendonitis, it is better to drink green tea and tea with ginger roots.
When consuming these products, vitamin A, E, C, D, phosphorus, calcium, collagen, iron, and iodine enter the body. These enzymes and vitamins help strengthen, increase resistance to rupture and elasticity of tendons, and promote the renewal of ligament tissue.
Treatment begins with reducing physical activity in the area where the tendons are inflamed. The painful area must be immobilized. For this purpose, special bandages, bandages, and elastic bandages are used. They are applied to the joints located next to the damaged tendon. During treatment, special therapeutic exercises are used, the exercises of which are aimed at stretching the muscles and strengthening them.
To get rid of inflammation, you need to drink a tincture of walnuts. To prepare, you will need a glass of such partitions and half a liter of medical alcohol (you can also use vodka). The partitions from the nuts need to be crushed, washed, dried and filled with alcohol. Place in a dark corner and leave for 21 days. After preparing the tincture, take a tablespoon 3 times a day.
To relieve heat and swelling from the skin, you can make a “plaster” bandage. To make your own “gypsum” you need to beat 1 egg white, add a tablespoon of vodka or alcohol to it, mix and add a tablespoon of flour. Place the resulting mixture on an elastic bandage and wrap it around the area where the sore tendon is located. You don't need to wrap it too tightly. Change this bandage daily until complete recovery.
To get rid of pain, you can apply compresses with tinctures of calendula and comfrey (the compress must be cold, not hot).
Onions are considered a good assistant in the treatment of tendonitis. There are several recipes using it. First: chop 2 medium onions and add a tablespoon of sea salt, mix well, place this mixture on gauze and apply to the sore spot. You need to keep this compress for 5 hours and repeat the procedure for at least 3 days. The second recipe is similar in preparation to the first, only instead of sea salt you take 100 grams of sugar (for 5 medium-sized onions). Instead of gauze, you need to take cotton fabric folded in several layers. Instead of onions, you can use fresh chopped wormwood leaves.
For tendinitis of the elbow joint, elderberry tincture baths are used. Boil green elderberries, add a tablespoon of soda, and allow to cool to a comfortable temperature for your hand. The hand with the sore joint is placed. Hold until the water cools down. There is no need to filter the tincture. Instead of elderberry, you can also use hay dust. Hay dust baths help relieve swelling and inflammation. Also, infusions made from pine branches are ideal for baths (the number of branches should be in ratio to the volume of the pan 2 to 3 or 1 to 2).
Ointments made from calendula (take baby cream and dried, crushed calendula flowers in equal proportions) or from pork fat and wormwood (take 150 grams of internal pork fat and 50 grams of dried wormwood, mix, cook until smooth over a fire, cool) will help relieve inflammation. Apply calendula ointment overnight to the damaged area and wrap with a plain cloth. Apply a thin layer of wormwood ointment to the sore spot several times throughout the day.
Clay compresses are effective in treating tendonitis. The clay is diluted with water to the consistency of soft plasticine, apple cider vinegar is added (4 tablespoons of vinegar are needed for half a kilogram of clay). This mixture is applied to the inflamed area and bandaged with a scarf or bandage. You need to keep the compress for 1.5-2 hours. After removal, you need to tightly bandage the inflamed tendon. This compress is done once a day for 5-7 days.
These products promote the replacement of muscle tissue with fat, which is bad for tendons (the thinner the muscle layer, the less protection the tendons have from sprains). They also contain phytic and phosphoric acids, which block the flow of calcium into tendons and bones.
Tendinitis is an inflammation of tendon tissue, usually observed at the area where the tendon attaches to the bone. Quite often, this disease is combined with an inflammatory lesion of the tendon sheath or tendon bursa and can manifest itself in the form of ordinary mild pain, which often appears from overwork. However, unlike tendinitis, simple muscle pain is a fairly temporary phenomenon, while the painful manifestations of this disease are very persistent and can be observed for quite a long time. Tendonitis affects people regardless of professional activity, gender and age, but people over forty years of age, as well as those who engage in physical labor or sports, loading the same area, are most susceptible to it due to age-related changes in tendon tissue
The most common cause of tendonitis is microtrauma and increased physical activity. During physical work, the places where the muscles are attached to the bone skeleton experience quite a lot of stress. In cases where such a load is excessive and regular, cartilage tissue and tendon tissue at the attachment sites often undergo degenerative changes, which manifest themselves in the form of small areas of tissue necrosis (necrosis), deposition of calcium salts, and areas of fatty degeneration of cartilage and tendon tissue. Calcium salts are most often deposited in places where a microrupture of the tendon fiber once occurred for some reason. Due to the fact that calcium salts are a fairly solid formation, they can easily injure surrounding tissues.
Due to prolonged physical activity, the cartilage tissue located between the tendon fibers degenerates, ossifies, after which bone growths such as osteophytes, bone spurs and spines appear. These processes are the catalyst for the development of tendinitis. In addition, tendonitis can develop as a result of a person having rheumatic diseases such as reactive arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and gout.
The most common causes of tendinitis are:
— Long-term significant physical activity on a specific joint
— Injuries and bacterial infections (gonorrhea, etc.)
— Rheumatic diseases (arthritis, gout, etc.)
— Various allergic reactions to certain medications
— Asymmetrical body structure (if the lower limbs are of different lengths, tendonitis of the knee joint may develop)
- Failure to maintain correct posture
— Improper development of tendons or their weakening
Developed tendonitis can be observed almost anywhere in the human body where there is a tendon. Quite often, tendonitis occurs at the base of the shoulder, thumb, hip, knee and elbow joints, and heel tendon. In adolescents and children, tendonitis of the knee joint is most often observed, directly associated with inflammatory damage to the apophysis of the tibia.
The most pronounced symptoms of tendonitis are limited mobility and pain, which may appear suddenly or increase as the inflammatory process develops. The pain in the areas of inflammation and adjacent areas is quite persistent and does not go away for a long time. When palpating the affected tendon, increased sensitivity is noted.
The main symptoms of tendonitis : pain; hyperemia is observed over the affected tendon; there is crepitus, audible through a phonendoscope or even at a distance, when the tendon moves. The course of the disease is significantly complicated in the case of deposition of calcium salts that weaken the tendon and joint capsule.
Tendonitis of the shoulder joint is manifested by decreased mobility of the shoulder and a decrease in the range of motion. In an unloaded state, pain in the shoulder is completely absent. Painful sensations that increase at night are an alarming symptom of tendinitis, not so much because of their severity, but because of the forced position of the body during sleep.
Knee tendinitis causes difficulty going up or down stairs, running, or walking. In the case of inflammatory damage to the tendons in the forearm, patients have problems performing various actions and holding objects in their hands
The first priority in treating tendonitis is to ensure complete rest of the affected area. For these purposes, when the lower extremities are affected, crutches or a cane are excellent; for tendinitis of the shoulder joint - a splint, splint or dressing; for tendinitis of the elbow joint - a rigid bandage. In parallel with this, painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed; ointments with similar effects can be used locally.
Positive dynamics in the treatment of tendonitis are observed after injections directly into the lesion of corticosteroids, which quickly eliminate pain and contribute to the attenuation of the inflammatory process. Physiotherapeutic procedures are an addition to the main course of treatment.
In case of severe inflammation, or in case of ineffectiveness of standard treatment, the prescription of antibiotics is indicated, and in especially severe cases, surgical intervention.
Treatment of tendinitis will be effective only if the patient follows all recommendations regarding rest of the affected limb without exception. If the previous regime and rhythm of work are maintained, the further development of the disease can be confidently guaranteed.
Preventing tendonitis is much easier than treating it afterwards. Regardless of the upcoming physical activity, you should do a short warm-up beforehand. The pace of the load itself must be increased gradually, without working at the limit of one’s strength. If the slightest sign of pain appears, you should change your activity, or take at least a short rest. If pain continues to appear while performing any action, it is better not to return to it in the future. Prevention of shoulder tendonitis involves avoiding work that requires lifting your arms up. If it is impossible due to professional circumstances, the upper limbs must be periodically given proper rest.
Non-steroidal inflammatory drugs can cope with pain, inflammation and swelling, the main symptoms of many diseases. What are their advantages and disadvantages of PSVS, what groups are they divided into?
Relieve pain, eliminate fever, block the inflammatory response - all these functions can be performed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
They are called non-steroidal because they do not contain synthetically analogous steroid hormones of the human body (corticosteroids and sex hormones responsible for regulating vital processes).
What are the benefits of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs):
Based on the characteristics of their composition and effect on the body, drugs from the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are divided into :
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For the treatment and prevention of osteochondrosis and other diseases of the joints and back, our readers use a quick and non-surgical treatment method recommended by leading orthopedists. After carefully reviewing it, we decided to offer it to your attention.
NSAIDs are indicated in the treatment of acute and chronic stages of diseases that are accompanied by pain with inflammation.
These are feverish conditions, myalgia, menstrual, postoperative pain, renal colic.
NSAID drugs are effective in the treatment of bones and joints: arthritis, arthrosis, post-traumatic injuries.
Osteochondrosis of the spine of any part is inevitably accompanied by pain and inflammation. The main goal of treatment is to relieve pain and relieve the inflammatory reaction. NSAIDs are primarily used. NSAIDs are selected individually, taking into account medical history and prevailing symptoms.
Advice from the chief orthopedist.
Nausea, headaches, tinnitus, pain and tingling in the back. The list of signs of osteochondrosis can be continued for a long time, but how long are you going to endure discomfort and pain? Not to mention the possible consequences: paresis - partial restriction of movement, or paralysis - complete loss of voluntary movements. But people, taught by bitter experience, take it forever to cure osteochondrosis.
NSAIDs are effective for treating most pathologies accompanied by pain, inflammation, fever, and swelling.
In therapeutic, neurological practice: renal and hepatic colic, inflammatory diseases of internal organs, myalgia, inflammatory neurological diseases.
NSAIDs with antiaggregation effects are prescribed for the prevention of heart attacks and strokes.
According to the instructions, pregnant women should abstain from taking NSAIDs
Anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs are not indicated in therapy if the patient suffers from severe diseases of the heart, blood vessels, erosive or ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, severe impairment of the liver and kidneys.
They are contraindicated in people with intolerance to the constituent components of NSAIDs.
According to the instructions, pregnant women should refrain from taking NSAIDs, especially during the third trimester.
There is evidence that NSAIDs can cause disturbances in placental blood flow, miscarriages, premature birth, and renal failure in the fetus.
Osteochondrosis is not a death sentence!
Any doctor will offer you a number of methods for treating osteochondrosis, from trivial and ineffective to radical:
- you can regularly undergo a course of massages, returning every six months.
- trust chiropractors and osteopaths, believing in miracles.
- undergo an operation with very risky consequences.
But Valentin Dikul recommends: “to cure osteochondrosis once and for all you need. »
The most dangerous side effects of NSAIDs include:
Despite the fact that NSAIDs are available over the counter, uncontrolled use can negatively affect the patient's health.
The NSAID group is divided into two subgroups based on its chemical composition :
In turn, according to their effectiveness, novelty of development, and competitiveness, NSAIDs are divided into the following categories :
Treatment of many diseases involves long-term use of NSAIDs.
To minimize adverse reactions and complications, new generations of medicines have been developed and continue to be developed.
NSAIDs give minimal side effects and do not affect hematological parameters.
The anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous indicators of the new generation NSAIDs are also significantly higher, and the therapeutic effect is longer.
New generation drugs do not inhibit or stimulate the processes of the central nervous system and do not cause addiction.
The list of the most widely used NSAIDs includes the following drugs::
The routes of administration of NVPS may be different. NSAIDs are manufactured in liquid injectable and solid forms. Many medicines are also represented by rectal suppositories, creams, ointments, and gels for external use.
For osteochondrosis, systemic administration of NSAIDs is indicated: dosage forms are combined with each other
NSAIDs are available in solid dosage form: Advil, Actasulide, Bixicam, Viox, Voltaren, Glucosamine, Diclomelan, Meloxicam, Mesulide, Methindol, Naklofen, Nalgesin, Nimesulide, Piroxicam, Remoxicam.
Injectable forms of NSAIDs are prescribed for pathologies in the acute stage, and for severe forms of the disease.
NSAIDs are administered intramuscularly or intravenously.
NSAID injections can quickly relieve pain, relieve swelling in a short period, and provide a powerful anti-inflammatory effect.
Of the liquid dosage forms (injectable NSAIDs), doctors most often prefer :
External forms of NSAIDs are less effective. But local application reduces the likelihood of developing unwanted side reactions.
NSAID ointments, gels and creams are effective when, in the initial stage of the disease, the pain syndrome is not yet severe enough.
Also, external agents are used in complex treatment together with tablets and NSAID injections. Butadione, Indomethacin ointment, Fastum-gel, Voltaren and Nise gel are applied to the affected area.
In order for the depth of penetration to be greater, the external forms should be rubbed in with massage movements.
Basically, new generation NSAIDs are used to treat acute forms of osteochondrosis. The choice of medication depends on which symptoms are more or less pronounced.
If the pain syndrome is severe, Nimesulide is prescribed.
In the line of NSAIDs, it has the most effective analgesic effect, superior to many similar drugs.
The medicine is indicated for paroxysmal pain, pinched nerve endings, joint and bone pain. Nimesil is well tolerated and produces extremely rare side effects.
A drug from the NSAID group with prolonged action (drug action time – 12 hours).
In terms of its anti-pain effect, the drug is equivalent to opiates, but does not cause drug dependence.
The NSAID Xefocam does not inhibit the functioning of the central nervous system.
The drug is available in the form of tablets 4.8 mg and lyophilized powder 8 mg with a special solvent.
The drug belongs to the group of anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic drugs.
Rofecoxib is indicated in the treatment of polyarthritis, bursitis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
The NSAID Rofecoxib is prescribed to relieve pain caused by neurological pathology and osteochondrosis.
The drug has a pronounced anti-inflammatory property and gives a good analgesic effect.
The solid form is represented by gelatin capsules. Drug analogues: Celebrex, Dilaxa, Arcoxia, Dynastat.
In the pharmaceutical market, this drug is considered the most common and popular.
The NSAID Diclofenac is available in the form of tablets, capsules, injection solutions, rectal suppositories, and gel.
The drug combines a high degree of analgesic activity with an anti-inflammatory effect.
Analogs of the drug are known as Voltaren, Diklak.
It has a good anti-inflammatory effect, combines anti-pain and antipyretic functions. Acetylsalicylic acid is used as a single drug and as a component of a fairly large number of combination drugs.
Acetylsalicylic acid is a first-generation NSAID. The drug has several serious disadvantages. It is gastrotoxic, inhibits prothrombin synthesis, and increases the tendency to hemorrhage.
Also, side effects of Acetylsalicylic acid include a high likelihood of bronchospasm and allergic manifestations.
The anti-inflammatory effect is superior to Acetylsalicylic acid. Treatment with Butadion can provoke the development of side reactions and complications, so it is indicated only if other NSAIDs are ineffective. Type of medicine: ointments, dragees.
The NSAID Naproxen is prescribed for the symptomatic treatment of inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system: rheumatoid, juvenile, gouty arthrosis, spondylitis, osteoarthritis.
The drug effectively relieves moderate pain in myalgia, neuralgia, radiculitis, toothache, and tendonitis. It is prescribed to patients suffering from pain due to cancer, post-traumatic and postoperative pain syndrome.
The anti-inflammatory effect from the use of NSAIDs appears only towards the end of treatment, after about a month. The drug is available in the form of tablets, dragees and oral suspension.
Indomethacin is available in all types of dosage forms.
The drug has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects. After taking Indomethacian, pain of a rheumatic or non-rheumatic nature weakens or disappears completely.
Indomethacin eliminates inflammatory swelling of the wound surface and relieves attacks of spontaneous pain in a short period.
Drug analogues: