Numbness of the toes is a decrease or complete loss of sensitivity of the skin of this anatomical area, which is often combined with symptoms such as tingling, burning sensation, crawling, and pain. In medicine, this disorder of sensory function is called paresthesia.
Paresthesia is a very common phenomenon; it can be observed both in a healthy person due to certain physiological factors, and can be one of the first symptoms of serious diseases. Therefore, it is very important in case of development of numbness of the toes, which does not go away on its own or often recurs, to seek professional medical help to determine the cause and prescribe adequate treatment.
Very often, numbness of the toes is not associated with any illness, but is a normal reaction of the body to some irritating factors.
The main physiological cause of numbness in the feet is associated with prolonged stay in an uncomfortable position, for example, sitting cross-legged. The fact is that in this position the blood flow through the blood vessels of the lower extremities is disrupted, and the nervous tissue is the most sensitive to the lack of oxygen and nutrients. Because of this, the transmission of impulses along nerve fibers slows down significantly, which is accompanied by a disruption in their functioning and the development of a symptom such as paresthesia.
Sensitivity is restored immediately as soon as the person changes position and blood flow to the feet is normalized.
Staying in this position for a long time is often accompanied by numbness in the toes.
The second most common physiological reason why toes go numb is wearing narrow and uncomfortable shoes. The development of paresthesia in this situation is based on the same mechanism - disruption of normal blood circulation and the development of ischemia of nerve fibers. Addiction to high-heeled shoes leads to frequent numbness of the big toe.
Another external factor that causes numbness in the toes is hypothermia, which is accompanied by a violation of the sensitive function of the nerve endings of the skin.
In some people, numbness in the toes of the left or right foot is associated with a lack of vitamins (especially group B) and microelements (calcium, magnesium, potassium) in the body.
If, after analyzing your lifestyle and the physiological causes of paresthesia described above, you have not found the answer to the question of why the toes on your left or right foot go numb, then you need to think about the pathological causes of this symptom and seek medical help.
Hypothermia of the legs is often accompanied by numbness
There are many dangerous causes of numbness in the fingers of the lower extremities. Let's look at the most common of them.
Diabetes mellitus develops due to an absolute or relative lack of the hormone insulin in the body, the main task of which is the utilization of glucose. Glucose is the main energy material for all cells of our body, but in the case of diabetes, it cannot get inside the cells, which is why they develop “starvation”. In such a situation, the body is forced to adapt to another method of obtaining energy - the breakdown of fats. Unfortunately, as a result, a lot of by-products are formed - ketone bodies. They are very toxic to all tissues, especially to nerve fibers and blood vessels, which leads to the development of such complications of diabetes as diabetic foot.
Diabetic foot is a common and very dangerous complication of diabetes mellitus.
This syndrome develops against the background of progressive damage to small vessels, nerve fibers, muscles, bones and skin of the feet. It is characterized by frequent foot injuries, very poor wound healing, the appearance of corns, fungal infections of the skin and nails, numbness in the legs, and pain in the feet. Diabetic foot is often accompanied by severe suppurative and necrotic processes, and also causes limb amputation.
You should know! When your toes often go numb, you should be tested for type 2 diabetes, as this is often one of the first symptoms such patients experience and prompts them to see a doctor.
As you know, atherosclerosis is a systemic process and can affect all vessels in the human body. The arteries of the lower extremities are no exception. Partial or complete blocking of the lumen of a vessel by an atherosclerotic plaque is accompanied by characteristic symptoms, including numbness of the fingers of the lower extremities, pallor and cold skin of the feet, tingling and burning, spasms of the muscles of the lower leg and foot, and intermittent claudication syndrome.
The last symptom is especially characteristic of atherosclerosis of the lower extremities. It manifests itself as pain and heaviness in the legs while walking and is associated with a lack of blood supply (arteries clogged with cholesterol cannot provide the necessary blood flow during physical activity). After stopping and resting, the pain goes away.
A serious complication of this pathology is gangrene, which threatens leg amputation and even death if medical care is not provided in a timely manner.
The absence or weakening of the pulse in the arteries of the foot indicates atherosclerotic damage to the vessels of the lower extremities
If the toes on your right or left foot often go numb, you should also think about the pathology of the spinal column. Osteochondrosis, spondylosis, spondyloarthrosis, protrusion or herniation of the intervertebral disc of the lumbosacral spine may be accompanied by complications such as compression and inflammation of the sciatic nerve. One of the characteristic signs of this pathology is numbness of the toes of the right or left foot (depending on which nerve is damaged). The disease also manifests itself as a nagging or burning pain in the gluteal region; painful “shooting” like an electric shock is possible on the back of the thigh and lower leg.
Depending on which nerve of the foot is damaged, numbness develops in different areas
This is a lesion of the peripheral nerves in which they are pinched in narrow anatomical beds formed by bones, muscles, tendons and aponeuroses. Such compression can develop due to several reasons: injuries with disruption of the normal structure of nerve channels, inflammation of tendons, muscles, metabolic disorders in the body (for example, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease).
There are such types of tunnel syndrome, in which the toes of the left and right feet may go numb:
In addition to numbness in the toes of the right or left foot, each of these pathologies has its own specific symptoms, and a neurologist can make the correct diagnosis.
The development of varicose veins in the legs, as well as complications of this disease (chronic venous insufficiency, phlebothrombosis, thrombophlebitis) may be accompanied by a symptom such as numb little fingers and other toes, although this is not the main sign of the disease. This cause of paresthesia can be recognized by the following signs: visually visible varicose veins or vascular venous network on the lower extremities, trophic changes (peeling, discoloration of the skin, fungal infections of the skin and nails, trophic ulcers), frequent painful cramps in the muscles of the feet and legs .
If numbness in the toes of the left or right foot occurs suddenly and does not go away, this may be one of the symptoms of damage to brain tissue. A similar picture occurs with a transient ischemic attack, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, brain tumors, cysts, vascular aneurysms, infectious lesions (encephalitis, meningitis).
Sudden loss of sensation may be one of the first signs of a stroke
Also, persistent paresthesia of the lower extremities may indicate rare but very serious diseases of the nervous system - multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
The pathology is based on damage to the small arterial vessels of the arms and legs. As a result, a pathological vasospastic reaction of the arteries to external factors (most often temperature fluctuations) occurs. In this case, the arteries spasm, blood flow in the affected area is disrupted, which is accompanied by numbness of the legs or arms, their pallor, and sometimes pain.
This pathological process can act as an independent disease, but most often it is one of the symptoms of an underlying disease, for example, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus.
This selective pallor of the fingertips is a manifestation of Raynaud's disease or syndrome
This is an occupational disease that appears under prolonged exposure to general or local vibration. Such a negative production factor is found in the transport, mining, and metallurgical construction industries. Accordingly, workers in these professions are prone to developing vibration disease.
Under prolonged negative effects of vibration on the lower extremities, nerve endings and blood vessels are damaged. This leads to attacks of numbness in the toes, tingling, coldness and pallor of the skin of the feet, and the appearance of pain. The disease is also characterized by general manifestations in the form of increased irritability, insomnia, increased fatigue, and headache.
This disease is also called Buerger's disease. Its development is based on damage to the arteries of the lower extremities - their lumen gradually narrows until complete obliteration. Thus, the blood supply to the tissues of the feet is disrupted, which causes severe hypoxia of the nerve endings and the development of paresthesia of the fingers. In addition to numbness, patients experience severe pain in sore legs, trophic changes in the skin, chronic ulcers, pallor and coldness of the feet, and cramps. In severe cases, gangrene of the lower extremities may develop.
What to do if your toes go numb? First of all, it is necessary to exclude possible physiological causes of such an unpleasant symptom. If none are found, it is imperative to visit a doctor to determine the true cause of paresthesia.
Numbness in the toes is scientifically called paresthesia. This phenomenon is associated with impaired nerve conduction in the limbs, and can be short-term or long-term.
The sensitivity of the limbs can be impaired by factors that are in no way related to pathologies.
These include:
These and similar causes of numbness in the toes are usually short-term. To prevent them, it is enough to follow preventive measures, and elimination does not require long and complex treatment.
ATTENTION! If the fingers of the lower extremities go numb often for a long time, and the reasons listed above are absent, you should urgently consult a general practitioner.
Other factors that lead to paresthesia of the toes require consulting a doctor, serious examination and complex therapy. Among them are diseases such as:
Numbness can be observed during pregnancy, but after childbirth it goes away on its own. In addition, in some cases it is a consequence of chemotherapy. There are a large number of other causes that cause paresthesia of the lower extremities, which only a specialist can identify.
If your toes go numb, then this is a symptom of impaired innervation and/or blood supply. It may be accompanied by other manifestations, for example: pain, redness, tingling, swelling. It is imperative to pay attention to a number of other accompanying signs. They may be evidence of a disease, which will allow the doctor to quickly make the correct diagnosis and prescribe treatment:
Thus, if numbness does not go away for a long time, and is also accompanied by other symptoms, you should urgently consult a specialist.
To find out why your toes are numb, you will first need to visit a general practitioner. After collecting anamnesis, he will prescribe laboratory and instrumental examinations. In addition to general blood and urine tests, it is possible to prescribe diagnostic procedures such as:
If necessary, the patient is referred to specialized specialists: phlebologist, rheumatologist, endocrinologist, and so on. A detailed examination makes it possible to identify the reliable cause of the disorder and draw up the correct treatment plan.
When the doctor finds out the true reason why the toes are numb, the patient is prescribed appropriate treatment. It is aimed at eliminating not only the symptoms, but also the immediate disease that caused the numbness. In addition to the use of medications, the complex of therapeutic measures includes:
In addition, you will need to follow a certain diet and reconsider your lifestyle.
For numbness in the toes, it is possible to prescribe the following groups of drugs:
Depending on the identified pathology that caused the numbness, other medications may be prescribed.
Physiotherapeutic treatment methods are prescribed simultaneously with medication, if this is permissible for the identified disease. Physiotherapy improves blood flow, improves the tone of muscle tissue and blood vessels. For numbness in the toes, the following procedures are used.
Thermotherapy is highly effective for numbness in the toes. Alternating heat and cold eliminates swelling, pain, cramps, and inflammation. This procedure helps strengthen the walls of blood vessels.
ON A NOTE! Currently, you can purchase a magnetic or laser device for home use. But it should be used for medicinal purposes only after consulting a doctor.
For some diseases, massage is contraindicated (for example, gout during an exacerbation). In other cases, it must be included in the complex of treatment measures. The procedure has the following effects on the toes:
In addition, it can act as the only therapeutic method if the cause of the disorder is shoes or excessive stress.
If your fingers are numb, a specialist may recommend doing special exercises every day. They are aimed not only at eliminating symptoms at the time of treatment, but also at preventing the occurrence of a similar problem in the future.
The exercises included in the complex are simple. This could be: squeezing and unclenching fingers, picking up objects from the floor, rising and falling on toes, and others. Regular exercises will help strengthen blood vessels, muscles and ligaments of the feet and fingers, normalize blood flow in the lower extremities, and restore skin sensitivity.
ON A NOTE! It is very useful to perform such exercises as a preventive measure every day when working in a job that requires long periods of sitting or standing.
To treat numbness of the toes in folk medicine, the following remedies are used:
There are a lot of recipes, so choosing the right one in terms of ingredients and method of application is not difficult.
Numbness not associated with a disease does not in itself pose a threat to human health. For example, if it occurs after wearing tight shoes, then after some time it goes away on its own, without special treatment or consequences. It is dangerous because it can indicate a latently developing pathology, for example, endarteritis, which can result in gangrene.
Another example is problems with the spine, in which numbness in the toes is one of the symptoms. A timely visit to a doctor with a complaint of discomfort in the limbs will help stop the development of diseases such as hernia, osteochondrosis, and malignant formations.
In the absence of serious illnesses, numbness in the fingers can be prevented by simple preventive measures.
If, despite the measures taken, your fingers continue to go numb, then you should definitely consult a specialist.
Numbness in the toes has a favorable prognosis if the cause is identified in a timely manner. Even if a serious pathological process is detected, the symptoms can be effectively eliminated and the disease stopped.
Numbness of the limbs is an unpleasant sensation experienced by a person, which is often accompanied by a burning sensation, a feeling of tightness, burning or chilliness.
Why do my toes go numb? There can be several reasons for numbness in the toes.
Numb fingers may be a sign of the following diseases :
What is the right thing to do for a person who has numb toes: see a doctor or wait until the symptoms disappear on their own? You should definitely consult a doctor if attacks of numbness in your toes occur frequently, if they are accompanied by pain, as well as weakness, loss of sensitivity, if your toes do not feel heat and cold.
Numbness of the toes can occur when a nerve is pressed for a short time as a result of a person adopting an uncomfortable position for a while. When you change that position, the numbness goes away within a few minutes. If numbness in the toes does not disappear after changing positions and occurs quite often, you should consult a doctor.
Numbness of the toes may occur due to a disease of the arterial vessels located in the legs. This disease can provoke inflammation of the inner lining of blood vessels, the occurrence of obstruction in the arteries, as well as impaired blood circulation. As a result, partial gangrene of the limb may develop. Numbness of the toes can also occur due to nerve injury caused by osteochondrosis, tunnel neuropathy or carpal tunnel syndrome.
Why toes go numb - the most common reasons:
The consequences of numbness in the toes can be very different - from blood circulation disorders to gangrene of the extremities. The consequences depend on the cause that caused the numbness.
If numbness in the toes is caused by osteochondrosis, the person may gradually lose the ability to walk.
Numbness of the toes can also be caused by cancer, in which a tumor grows from inside or outside the spinal cord, creating pressure that causes numbness.
Treatment for numbness in the toes involves treating the disease that causes it.
Numb toes: causes and treatments
Each of us has experienced numbness in our fingers at least once: it is combined with “pins and needles” and tingling in a certain part of the body (in particular, the legs). The causes of these symptoms can be very different, ranging from an uncomfortable posture, when blood flows poorly to the legs, and ending with a serious health problem. Let's understand the causes of the problem and ways to solve it together.
As noted above, numbness in the fingers can be caused by simply taking an uncomfortable position for the body or, for example, wearing uncomfortable shoes. In such cases, the nerve is pinched, blood flow is disrupted, and those same goose bumps and tingling after numbness occur. If you remove the causes, the muteness goes away quite quickly. But when the problem persists for a long time, it is worth visiting a doctor, because the cause may be very serious.
Let us note once again that it would be useful to consult with specialists: a chiropractor, a neurologist with an angiologist and a neurosurgeon. Diagnostic, laboratory and instrumental studies will help determine the diagnosis and build tactics for effective treatment of the main provoking disease so that serious consequences do not arise (including the development of disability).
These diseases include: microstroke with multiple sclerosis; transient ischemic attacks; migraine with diabetes mellitus, obesity, alcoholic polyneuropathy. Plus, the cause of numbness may be Raynaud's disease; with angiopathy of various origins; endarteritis with lumbar osteochondrosis; inflammation of the bones of the legs and spine. Symptoms such as numbness in the legs are associated with tunnel syndrome and hernias between the vertebrae; lumbar stenosis with sciatica; rheumatoid arthritis. Damage to the peripheral nerve by a tumor and cancer pathologies also affect; frostbite with injuries. Pathologies of the thyroid gland with renal failure, leprosy, hereditary amyloidosis, lack of vitamins B12, B6; flat feet with corns and hypocalcemia - all this often leads to loss of sensitivity in the toes.
With numbness of the toes, in addition to a decrease or loss of sensitivity, sensations of pain with coldness, “crawling goosebumps” are possible; tingling, general weakness. Against the background of these symptoms, signs of the underlying disease that caused the numbness often appear. The severity of symptoms is influenced by the degree of neglect of the underlying disease.
The first stage consists of interviewing and examining the patient. In the future, blood and urine tests may be needed; blood is also donated for sugar, plus its biochemical study is carried out. Using serological analysis, rheumatic factor is determined. Sometimes microbiological examination and tests for tumor markers (to exclude the development of a tumor) are not necessary; radiography, angiography with rheovasography of arteries; Ultrasound of leg vessels with CT and MRI; bone biopsy (if there is a risk of developing osteomyelitis or bone tuberculosis). In addition, to exclude suspicion of malignancy, scintigraphy is performed. After analyzing the data obtained, the doctor prescribes subsequent treatment to cope with the underlying cause of the numbness.
If the cause is not serious, you can eliminate the numbness on your own. For example, make sure that the foot is not compressed inside the shoe and that the toes are free. Change your position (especially after being in one position for a long time). Massage, which normalizes blood circulation, helps relieve numbness. Contrasting foot baths are good. It won't hurt to do morning jogging, walking and vigorous exercise. It will be beneficial to enrich the diet with foods with vitamins B12 and B6 (the same liver with milk, meat, egg yolks, wheat germ, fish, brown rice, legumes and cereals. Less coffee with strong tea. It is worth trying to minimize or give up alcohol and cigarettes to avoid vascular spasm (including the legs).
In some cases, simple recipes help to cope with unpleasant sensations. For example, you can apply honey to numb fingers, bandage them with a regular bandage, put on socks and do not wash off the compress until the morning (warm water is needed; the procedure is carried out three to four times). Instead of honey, camphor ointment is also used at night (fingers are massaged and insulated with socks). The effect is noticeable after two or three procedures.
During the numbness itself, you can try to practice the technique of Tibetan monks: immerse your feet in a basin of hot water. In this case, you need to press firmly on the bottom of the pelvis with your fingers so that they regain sensitivity.
A mixture of black pepper (grind 10 grams to form a powder) and vegetable oil (100 ml) after heating it in a water bath (half an hour) makes an excellent compress, which is rubbed several times a day until the numbness goes away.
As soon as you wake up (and throughout the day), you can bend your fingers (until a characteristic crunch appears) about eight dozen times. You can also stand facing the wall, raising your arms up, stretching on your tiptoes (hold the pose for a minute and do this six to eight times). In any case, be careful with self-medication so as not to cause even more harm: if the numbness is long-lasting or frequent, you cannot do without the help of a doctor.
In addition to treating the main disease, it is important to cope with pinched nerve fibers and restore vascular patency. The course may consist of specific therapy (metabolic disorders, failure of hormone production, infections and oncology). The prescribed medications are designed to improve tissue nutrition in the affected area, normalize blood flow, and relieve muscle spasms and swelling. Vitamins are often prescribed with painkillers, anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, and chondroprotectors. Physiotherapy with exercise therapy and manual techniques are also needed. Acupuncture with moxotherapy (using cigar ashes from wormwood), hirudotherapy (leeches), and stone therapy (hot stones) will help consolidate the positive effect. The number of procedures is determined individually and depends on the degree of numbness.
Many people often face this problem when their toes go numb. This can happen in the evening, at night, or throughout the day. To avoid unpleasant sensations, you need to find out why your toes go numb.
Often, numbness of the limbs occurs due to incorrectly selected shoes: too narrow or too tight, with very high heels. This is the most common reason for such sensations. Due to hard and narrow shoes, the blood supply to the lower extremities is disrupted. The solution to this problem is simple: replace your shoes. It is necessary to wear soft shoes that fit so that the foot does not feel compressed, but feels free.
Numbness of the toes often occurs when a nerve is pinched for a short time due to an uncomfortable position taken by a person. As soon as you change your body position, the numbness disappears. If, after changing your body position, the unwanted sensations do not disappear, there is a reason to go to the hospital.
Toes also become numb due to diseases such as flat feet and arthrosis. The hemodynamics of the legs worsens with Raynaud's disease, atherosclerosis, and gout. Insufficient blood supply causes paresthesia of the feet. Feet always become cold and freeze all the time. A lack of vitamins in the body, in particular vitamin B12, calcium, and other microelements, can also cause numbness in the toes.
More than 80% of cases of numbness in the legs occur due to diseases of the spine. With such ailments as osteochondrosis, radiculitis, herniated intervertebral discs, a disorder of the blood supply in the legs, loss of sensitivity, and numbness of the toes are often observed. To determine the involvement of the spine in paresthesia of the toes, you will need to conduct an examination, in particular, ultrasound, X-ray, MRI.
Sugar disease and neuroma can also cause stiffness of the toes, burning, tingling, and even pain and itching in the toes. To the listed ailments you can add multiple sclerosis, hereditary diseases associated with nerve damage, ischemic attacks on some part of the right leg or toes of the left foot.
As you can see, if numbness in your toes bothers you, you won’t be able to find the reasons on your own; you need to contact a specialist.
What to do if your toes go numb? First you need to find out the reason. You can't cope here without doctors. Only after the examinations have been carried out, a specialized specialist will be able to make a diagnosis and give an answer as to why the toes are numb, as well as prescribe adequate treatment.
Causes and treatment are closely related. Therefore, a correct diagnosis is already half the way to recovery. If the feeling of ossification occurs infrequently and is not too disturbing, you can try to cope with the disease yourself:
Honey wraps help a lot. Spread numb limbs with warmed honey, wrap them up and put woolen socks on top. This procedure is best done before bedtime. You can use camphor ointment: before going to bed, apply the ointment to the sore toe, wrap it in a bandage and, putting on socks, go to bed.
If, upon waking up, you feel your fingertips becoming stiff, there is no need to panic. You were probably just sleeping in an awkward position. In a dream, a person does not control himself and can take positions that interfere with blood supply. It’s easy to get rid of unpleasant symptoms; you just need to relax the limb.
The consequences of paresthesia of the toes can be unpredictable: from circulatory disorders to gangrene. It all depends on the root cause that caused such a symptom. When numbness in the toes is a consequence of osteochondrosis (spinal disease), the person risks becoming disabled (may stop walking).
You can eliminate numbness in your toes by curing the disease that caused it.
If the first toe on the left foot suffers, and the same signs appear on the right foot, the reason probably lies somewhere in the spine, or more precisely, in its lumbar region. The first toes are stimulated by nerves originating in the 4-5 lumbar vertebrae. When these vertebrae are affected by osteochondrosis, there is a hernia or protrusion of the lumbar column, the first toe can often become stiff.
And in this case, the situation cannot be normalized without medications, and only a doctor can prescribe them. Another case: the first toe on the left foot suffers at first, then turns red and begins to hurt. These symptoms indicate gout, a disease associated with impaired purine metabolism and the deposition of uric acid crystals in the area of the joint of the first finger.
The disease most often affects overweight men who eat a lot of protein foods. Also, the cause of ossification of the fingers can be arthrosis of the first toe. It is mistakenly considered gout, but it is a completely different disease. Gout is much less common, and mainly affects the male population, but arthrosis is more common, and women suffer from it.
As the disease progresses, the finger changes its shape and its mobility is severely limited. And it is almost impossible to return it to its original state. Arthrosis is further complicated by the fact that the second and third toes change during the course of the disease. Because of this, foot deformation occurs, which is very difficult to treat.
When the first toe becomes numb, this indicates the presence of some serious illness (gout, radiculitis, osteochondrosis, sciatica, intervertebral hernia, vascular diseases of the legs). When there are protrusions, intervertebral hernia, osteophytes have grown, the middle and ring fingers immediately go numb.
From all this we can conclude that numbness in each toe indicates the development of a particular disease. Therefore, you should not delay your visit to the doctor. The sooner a diagnosis is made, the greater the chance of defeating the disease.
Published by: admin in Health 01/05/2018 0 13 Views
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Iiaiaiea eiia?iinoae e yaeyaony neiioiiaie, aucuaaaiuie ia?aaeaaieai ia?aiuo io?eia, eeai ninoaia, i?e iaoaiaiii iiei?aiee oaea, ia?ooaieai ia?auaiey e?iae eee aieaa iianiuie caaieaaaieyie, eioi?ua auee i ienaiu auoa. Iiaiaieai iacuaaaony eciaiaiea ?oanoaeoaeuiie ooieoee eiia?iinoae, ca?anoo? nii?iai?aa?ueany aieaciaiiuie iuouaieyie e iieaeuaaieyie.
Iineaanoaey iiaiaiey eiia?iinoae iiaoo cia?eoaeuii ?acee?aouny: io ia?ooaiee ia?auaiey e?iae e aieiou ai aaia?aiu eiia?iinoae (?anoe?iie). Yoe iineaanoaey caaenyo io oiai, ?oi noaei i?e?eiie aicieeiiaaiey iiaiaiey. Oai ia iaiaa, iacaaeneii io i?e?ei, anee iiaiaiea aicieeaao ?anoi ? yoi icia?aao, ?oi ?aaioa e?iaiia?auaiey e ninoaia a eiia?iinoyo ia?ooaia. Yoi iia?acoiaaaao, ?oi anou ?ene iaee?ey iianiuo caaieaaaiee e neaaoao ia?aoeouny ea?a?o, ?oiau aia?aiy aeaaiinoe?iaaou caaieaaaiea ei?aaoi?aaeou aai ?acaeoea.
Naiie ?ani?ino?aiaiiie i?e?eiie, ii eioi?ie aicieeaao iiaiaiea ?oe, n?eoaaony n?eiaiea ia?aii-ninoaenoiai io?ea niaaeieoaeuiie oeaiu?, a oae?a iuooaie. Aaiiui io?eii auiieiyaony ieoaiea e eiia?aaoey iuoo. Nouanoaoao naiu iano, aaa ii?ao iiyaeouny naaaeeaaiea. I?iaaay aeaaiinoeeo, a?a? ii?ao eaaioeoeoe?iaaou ii?a?aiiiia ianoi e ono?aieou eiii?anne? ninoaa eee ia?aa. A neo?ayo, eiaaa iiaiaiea eiia?iinoae naycaii n ia?ooaieyie a ooieoeyo iicaiii?ieea, a?a?ii oae?a aoaao ii?aaaeaii ianoi ii?a?aiey ei?aai?eiyou aaenoaey ii aai ono?aiaie ?.
Iiaiaiea iaeuoaa ia ?oeao, eee neia?ii caiynoiiai eaiaea, ai 1980 aiaia ?ani?ino?aiaii ia auei e ii?oe ia ano?a?aeinu. Oai ia iaiaa, n yoiai a?aiaie, ia?aei no?aieoaeuii oaaee?eaaouny ?enei e?aae, iieuco?ueony eiiiu?oa?aie. A?aaaaiay ?aaioa n eiiiu?oa?iie eeaaeaoo?ie yaeyaony cia?eoaeuiui oaeoi?ii ?enea a ?acaeoee yoiai neia?iia. Ii ia oieuei e?ae, naycaiiua n eiiiu?oa?aie aoiayo aa?oiio ?enea yoiai caaieaaaiey, e iae ioiinyony e noiey?u, iaey?u, oaae, oi anou oa e?ae, eioi?ui i?eoiaeony niaa?oaou a?aaaaii iaiioeiiua aae?aiey eenou? ?oee. Ia i?aeoeea, neia?ii caiynoiiai eaiaea aicieeaao, eiaaa, iinea iai?y?aiey, ioaea?o nooi?eeey, oai naiui, naaaeeaay ia?a, ioaa?a?uee ca ?oanoaeoaeuiinou eaaiie, n?aaiaai, oeacaoaeuiiai e aieuoiai iaeuoaa. Ia?ae nooi?eeey i?ioiayo ?a?ac iaei e oio ?a ainoaoi?ii oceee eaiae. Oaeia naaaeeaaiea ia?aa i?e ioaea nooi?eeey, i?eaiaeo e iieaeuaaie?, iiaiaie?, a oae?a ioeune?o?uae aiee, eieaeece?o?uaeny a iaeanoe iaeuoaa. Aieu ea?oaea neiioiiu aaiiiai neia?iia, ca?anoo?, neeuiaa iuoua?ony ii?u?, eeai iia oo?i. Ionoonoaea naiaa?aiaiiiai ea?aiey ii?ao noaou i?e?eiie ioie?aiey iuoou, ioaa?a?uae ca aae?aiea aieuoiai iaeuoa. A eoiaa, ?aeiaae ia nii?ao naeaaou aieuoie iaeao, oae ?a, eae en?eiaou ?oeo a eoeae. Aieuoiio ?eneo e?aae, a oaeie neooaoee, i?eoiaeony iaiyou i?ioanne?. Noaoenoeea iieacuaaao, ?oi ?aiueiu neeuiaa iiaaa??aiu neia?iio caiynoiiai eaiaea. Iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiue aic?ano, a eioi?ii aicieeaao caaieaaaiea ? yoi 40-60 ea.
Iiaiaiea iia yaeyaony aanuia ?anoui neiioiiii oe?aae ?aaioiniiniaiiai aic?anoa. Aaiiia i?iyaeaeaiea caaieaaaiey aucuaaao aieuoia ?enei iaoaianoa e aaniieienoa. A yoii neo?aa, aaniieienoai ia aanii?aaiii, oae eae ia?ooaiiay ia?aiay ?oanoaeoaeuiinou ? i?eciae na?uaciie aieacie. Ii noaoenoeea, 90 i?ioaioia iiaiaiee iia aucaaii i?iaeaiaie n iicaiii?ieeii: ia?iicaiii?iuie a?u?aie, inoaioiia?icii e oae aaeaa.
Iicaiii?iee ioaaonoaaiai ca iii?anoai ooieoee a iaoai i?aaiecia. Ii?iaeuiia ooieoeiie?iaaiea iia e ?oe ? yoi oi?a iia ioaaonoaaiiinou? iicaiii?ieea. A iiaao aiee iiaoo aicieeaou, eae neaanoaea eciaiaiee a iiynie?iii ioaaea iicaiii?ieea. Ia?eiae?iinou e oa?aeoa? iiaiaiee iiaoo auou ?aciuie, a caaeneiinoe io i?e?ei, ii eioi?ui iie aicieeee.
? oanoai "iiecaiuy io?aoae", aeeoaeuiia noiyiea, neaaiea, iaeeiiu aieiau, eaoaeu e oae aaeaa i?eaiayo e oneeaie? aiee. ?a?a aicieeiiaaiea iiaiaiey iaoneaaeeaaaony inoaioiia?icii, eeai eiuie nenoaiiuie aieaciyie (iai?eia?, naoa?iui aeaaaoii).
Inoaioiia?ic yaeyaony caaieaaaieai, eioi?ia i?ia?anne?oao i?iaie?eoaeuiia a?aiy e ii?ao nii?iai?aaouny ?acee?iuie eeeie?aneeie i?iyaeaieyie. Aey ii?aaaeaiey i?e?ei iiaiaiey iia, ca?anoo?, neaaoao i?iecaanoe aiiieieoaeuiua ianeaaiaaiey. N oaeu? ooi?iaiey aeaaiica eniieucoaony ?aioaai iicaiii?ieea, a eiaiii aai iiynie?iiai ioaaea, i?eiaiy?o I?O e OCA.
Aey oiai ?oiau onoaiiaeou i?e?eio iiaiaiey iia ia?aaei o?aao?ony aiiieieoaeuiua iaoiau enneaaiaaiey. Aey ooi?iaiey aeaaiica eniieuco?o I?O, ?aioaai iiynie?iiai ioaaea iicaiii?ieea, OCA.
Iau?ii, i?a?aa ?ai aicieeaao iiaiaiea iia, aieuiie eniuouaaao a?oaea neiioiiu caaieaaaiee, naycaiiuo n iicaiii?ieeii, oaeea neiioiiu niiaoo i?iyaeyouny aua a aaaaoaoeeaoiai aic?anoa e iineou oa?aeoa? o?iie?aneeo aieae iiynieou. Anee iaaeoeineay iiiiuu ia aoaao aia?aiy ieacaia, oi caaieaaaiea i?iaie?eo i?ia?anne?iaaou, ianiio?y ia oi, ?oi aieu i?ioiaeo ni a?aiaiai, inoaaeyy iinea naay ?oanoai neiaaiiinoe iicaiii? ieea, iioii iiyaey?ony ?aciua aiee a iiaao.
Anee i?e?eiie iiaiaiey ieacuaaaony ?aaeeoeeo, a?u?a, inoaioiia?ic (a 95% neo?aaa), oi i?aiu aa?iie yaeyaony naiaa?aiaiiay iiiiuu niaoeaeenoa, eioi?ue nii?ao auynieou i?e?eiu caaieaaaiey, a oae?a auiieieou ana ia?u ii i?aaioa?auaie? aai?acaeoey. Iaoae eeeieeie i?aaeaaaaony aunieioi?iay aeaaiinoeea caaieaaaiee, a oae?a eo yooaeoeaiia ea?aiea.
I?e?ei, aucuaa?ueo iiaiaiea iaeuoaa iia, nouanoaoao iii?anoai. E i?eia?o, i?eaanoe e iiaiaie? iia iiaoo ?acee?iua ia?ooaiey, iinyuea iaiaiiue oa?aeoa?, ?aaeeoeiiaa?eo. Oae?ae iiaiaiui i?e?eiai ioiineony e inoaioiia?ic iicaiii?ieea, nii?iai?aa?ueeny no?aieai ia?iicaiii?iuo uaeae, ia?ooaiey a ninoaao, ooaa?eoeac iicaiii?ieea, e, eiiaaa ?acaeoea ?aeiaiai caaieaaaiey.
Iieieiae?aneea caaieaaaiey i?eaiayo e iiaiaie? iaeuoaa ec-ca ?ac?anoaiey iiooiee nia?o?e eee ecioo?e nieiiiai iicaa, nicaaaony aaaeaiea, a nai? i?a?aau, aucuaa?uaa iiaiaiea. Aaiiue i?ioann ia ianao a naaa iianiinoe, ?oi ?aeiaae ia nii?ao oiaeou. Oai ia iaiaa, anee iiaiaiea aucuaaaony ?acaeoeai iiooiee a iiaao, oi ?ene oiai, ?oi o ?aeiaaea auno?i ?aciauaony iaaaaniiniaiinou ? i?aiu aunie.
Anee iiaiaiea aucaaii inoaioiia?icii ? oo?aoa aicii?iinoe oiaeou ii?ao aicieeioou, eae aiaieuii auno?i, oae e ?acaeaaouny iaaeaiii ? ana caaeneo io noaiaie iia?a?aaiiiinoe iicaiii?ieea.
I?aaeaii, ?oi i?e iuouaiee iiaiaiey iia iaiaoiaeii iacaiaaeeoaeuii ia?aoeouny ea?a?o. Aieoi? aie?ai i?iaanoe ana iaiaoiaeiua ianeaaiaaiey e, oieuei iinea yoiai, iinoaaeou aeaaiic. Iinoaaeou aeaaiic, oieuei iniiauaaynu ia ?aeiaao iaoeaioa ? iaaicii?ii.
Caoyaeaaou n ia?auaieai e niaoeaeenoo ? iaeucy, oae eae iauaecaanoai oaeo, ?oi, ?ai ?aiuoa ia?aoi ea?aiea, oai yooaeoeaiaa e auno?aa iii aoaao.