Pain in the small joints of the fingers and toes is a fairly common phenomenon and at first glance seems harmless.
Most often, this condition is observed in people after forty years of age, however, there are many diseases in which pain in the fingers of the right or left hand occurs in the younger generation.
The human musculoskeletal system includes more than 300 small and large joints. The most mobile ones are in the fingers and toes. These joints have a thin connective membrane and a small articular surface.
This is why they are so often susceptible to damage and disease.
A joint is a connection of end bones covered with hyaline cartilage. The articulation site is covered with a synovial membrane, which contains joint exudate.
Each finger of the hand (middle, little, index, ring, except the thumb) consists of three phalanges:
In addition, they have three joints:
Why does pain appear in the fingers? The reason for this condition is inflammatory diseases of the joints and traumatic injuries.
Pain in the fingers and toes can occur due to the following diseases:
This is why pain may appear in the fingers, both in the right and left limbs. And now more about each disease.
Arthritis is a whole group of pathologies characterized by acute inflammation of the elements of the joint and adjacent tissues.
With any type of arthritis, pain in the fingers and toes appears not only when the limb performs any actions, but also in a state of complete rest.
Moreover, the pain is intense, and in the morning there is stiffness in the joints. During loads, crepitus (crunching), increased local temperature and deformation of the joint are possible.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a combined type of connective tissue pathology. Rheumatoid arthritis typically affects small joints (little fingers and other fingers of the left or right hand).
Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis:
This disease is insidious in that when it appears, there is a high risk of involvement of large joints in the inflammatory process: knee, elbow, ankle, hip.
Pain from rheumatoid arthritis usually occurs at night and in the morning.
Gout or gouty arthritis is another type of arthritis. The cause of the disease is an excessive accumulation of uric acid in the body, the crystals of which settle on soft and hard tissues and destroy the joint.
Previously, only rich people who could afford excesses in food suffered from gout: fatty meat and fish, alcoholic drinks.
Meat is the main source of purines, which lead to the development of gouty arthritis. Gout usually affects the big toes.
For a gout attack:
On average, a gout attack lasts from three days to several weeks. A characteristic feature of gouty arthritis is the formation of tophi - pathological compacted nodules that do not cause pain to the patient and are only a cosmetic defect.
Psoriatic arthritis is a form of psoriasis. In addition to the fact that the skin is affected, inflammation occurs in the joints of the legs and arms (right or left). This type of arthritis affects all joints of one finger at once. The inflamed finger becomes red and swollen. Joints are affected asymmetrically.
Septic infectious arthritis occurs due to infection entering the joint tissue through damaged areas of the skin or through the blood. Only one joint or several joints may hurt. The intensity of the symptoms of the disease depends on the stage of its development.
The following symptoms are characteristic of purulent or advanced inflammation:
In childhood, the symptoms of the disease are more pronounced, which cannot be said about the pathology that develops in an adult..
Stenosing ligamentitis is characterized by inflammation of the annular ligament of the fingers of the right or left hand.
Discomfort and pain intensify at night and in the morning. During the day, the pain disappears completely.
With osteoarthritis, cartilage tissue in the joint is destroyed. Women during menopause are more susceptible to this disease.
At first, the disease affects only one joint, after which the remaining joints are also involved in the inflammatory process. Those diarthrosis that during the first inflammation took on all the work are subject to secondary damage.
If only the thumb joint on your right hand hurts, your doctor may suspect rhizarthrosis, a type of osteoarthritis. This disease typically involves damage to the base of the joint, which connects the metacarpal and wrist bones.
Rhizarthrosis can be triggered by constant stress on the muscles and joints of the thumb. Signs of pathology include pain and deformation of the bones of the thumb.
Osteomyelitis is a purulent-necrotic process that can occur in the bones of the arms and legs, bone marrow, soft tissues and joints. The causes of osteomyelitis are pus-producing bacteria.
The main symptoms of the onset of the disease:
If osteomyelitis has been going on for several days, additional symptoms appear:
Even if joint pain, intoxication and fever have eased somewhat, this is not at all evidence that the disease is receding. On the contrary, these signs may indicate the transition of the disease to the chronic stage.
Fistulas often appear on the affected areas, from which pus is released in small quantities. The fusion of fistulas forms subcutaneous channels, leading to curvature of the fingers and their immobility.
Bursitis is a disease in which the joint capsules become inflamed and fluid accumulates in the joint cavity.
If the cause of bursitis is an injury to the hand or finger, there is a possibility of developing a purulent form of bursitis, which is accompanied by:
Angiospastic peripheral crisis is another cause of pain in the fingers. The disease is accompanied by coldness of the fingers, their cyanosis, and then severe redness of the skin. The cause of the pathology is hypothermia.
When the wrist joint is injured or compressed, ulnar nerve neuropathy can occur, causing pain in the fingers. The more advanced the disease, the more limited the functionality of the fingers at the time of abduction and adduction of the hand.
If the pain in the fingers is paroxysmal and accompanied by pallor of the tips, this pathology is called “Raynaud’s syndrome.” The disease can occur independently or be a symptom of another disease.
The main signs of Raynaud's syndrome:
The disease is dangerous because its presence in the body disrupts the delivery of oxygen to cells and tissues, as a result of which the fingertips can become dead. All symptoms of the disease are directly related to impaired peripheral blood circulation in the vessels.
De Quervain's disease is an inflammation of the thumb ligament. The pathology is characterized by the appearance of pain in the wrist joint, which intensifies with movements of the hand. The pain may radiate to the forearm, shoulder and neck. On palpation, swelling and severe pain are noted in the affected area.
Tenosynovitis is a pathology characterized by an acute or chronic inflammatory process in the connective tissue membranes of the tendons.
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