Article 68 (of the regulation) provides for acquired fixed deformities of the foot.
Important. A pathologically hollow foot is considered to be a foot that has deformation in the form of supination of the posterior and pronation of the anterior section in the presence of high internal and external arches (the so-called sharply twisted foot). The forefoot is flattened, wide and slightly adducted, there are calluses under the heads of the middle metatarsal bones and claw or hammertoe deformity. The greatest functional impairments occur with concomitant eversion-inversion components of the deformity in the form of external or internal rotation of the entire foot or its elements.
Important. With decompensated or subcompensated longitudinal flatfoot, pain in the feet occurs in a standing position and usually intensifies in the evening, when their pastiness appears. Externally, the foot is pronated, lengthened and widened in the middle part, the longitudinal arch is lowered, the navicular bone is outlined through the skin on the medial edge of the foot, the heel is valgus.
Important. Absence of a toe is considered to be its absence at the level of the metatarsophalangeal joint, as well as complete abduction or immobility of the toe.
Important. A foot with increased longitudinal arches, when correctly positioned on the surface under a supporting load, is often a normal variant.
When making an expert decision, in accordance with the requirements of this article, there are special difficulties with the diagnosis and examination of such foot deformities as pathological equine, calcaneal, varus, cavus, plano-valgus, equino-varus and others acquired as a result of injuries or diseases that are irreversible There are no pronounced curvatures of the feet, which make it impossible to use shoes of the established military standard. The radiologist only needs to establish the fact and variant of foot deformities.
Quite large difficulties and discrepancies arise in X-ray diagnostics and making an expert decision when determining the degree of longitudinal and transverse flatfoot, as well as determining the stage of arthrosis of the foot joints with flatfoot.
First, let us dwell on the technique of x-ray examination of patients with suspected longitudinal and transverse flatfoot. For these purposes, radiographs of the feet are taken in a state of maximum static load on the foot, i.e. in a standing position (radiography of the feet under load).
To determine longitudinal flatfoot, lateral radiographs of the feet are taken under load (see Figure 1). Using dry radiographs, the doctor performs a graphical calculation of the longitudinal arch of the foot (see Figure 2).
Various sources indicate that the starting point B for constructing the auxiliary triangle can be the lower pole of the talonavicular joint or the lower point of the scaphoid bone. As practice has shown, when constructing such triangles, there appears a discrepancy between the height and angle of the arch obtained from such calculations and the figures for the height and angle of the arch specified in Article 68 of the Resolution. Therefore, it should be taken into account that the main parameter for deciding the degree of longitudinal flatfoot is the height of the arch of the foot, and not the angle of the arch. This is due to the different length of the 1st metatarsal bone in each individual (in other words, different shoe sizes). As a result, patients with the same arch height but different shoe sizes will have different arch angles.
Important. Normally, the angle of the longitudinal arch is 125-130°, the height of the arch is 39 mm.
Important. Longitudinal flatfoot of the 1st or 2nd degree, as well as transverse flatfoot of the 1st degree without arthrosis in the joints of the midfoot, contractures of the fingers and exostoses are not the basis for the application of this article, and do not interfere with military service, admission to military educational institutions and colleges.
Quite often, the arch of the foot becomes flat and cannot cope with the function of shock absorption. This disease is called flat feet, and in 65% of people it develops in childhood. Flat feet are fraught with disturbances in gait and posture, lead to pain in the legs and back, and are often accompanied by other foot deformities. Flat feet with arthrosis are a common combination, and in addition to the joints of the foot, the ankle, knee and hip joints, and spine are affected. In addition to arthrosis, arthritis, bursitis, ingrown nails, scoliosis, and osteochondrosis develop against the background of flat feet. Flat feet of the 2nd degree are often combined with arthrosis of the 2nd degree; in the later stages of this disease, the development of arthrosis is almost inevitable.
The human foot is adapted to walking upright; it is not flat, it has a transverse arch and 3 longitudinal sections. Thanks to this design, the foot springs, reduces the static load when a person stands, dampens vibration when walking, and allows one to maintain balance. Its arch is supported by ligaments and muscles. If they weaken, the foot flattens. This can happen due to age-related muscle atrophy or overload of the legs.
Risk factors include:
Flat feet can develop against the background of metabolic and endocrine diseases - rickets, diabetes, as well as a serious disease of the nervous system - polio. There is a hereditary predisposition to this disease, and wearing uncomfortable shoes increases the risk of its development. Depending on the nature, the following types of disease are distinguished:
Arthrosis can be provoked by the same factors: metabolic disorders, injuries, joint overload associated with professional duties, hobbies or excess weight. Flat feet are an additional provoking factor for the development of arthrosis. When the arch of the foot drops, the load on the joints increases and the articular cartilage begins to deteriorate. Its wear leads to bone deformation - compaction of subchondral tissue and proliferation of osteophytes. The joint thickens, becomes deformed, and bone processes limit its mobility. Friction of bones is accompanied by pain. Arthrosis with flat feet is more severe than in its isolated form, and it is more difficult to treat the combined pathology.
In 55% of cases, transverse flatfoot develops, in 29% - longitudinal, the rest are combined, affecting different parts of the foot:
Flat feet can reach 3–4 degrees. When longitudinally, the height and angle of the arch of the foot and the severity of bone deformation are assessed. The following indicators are typical for different degrees:
To determine the degree of transverse flatfoot, the angle of divergence between the 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones and the angle of deviation of the big toe are measured.
Arthrosis, which accompanies flat feet, also goes through 3 stages of development. On the x-ray, along with the signs of flat feet, its signs are visible. First, a slight, maximum half, narrowing of the joint space and the formation of small (up to 1 mm) marginal osteophytes. Arthrosis of the 2nd degree is manifested by further narrowing of the lumen, the size of osteophytes exceeds 1 mm, their number increases, and osteosclerosis (hardening of bone tissue) develops in the subchondral zone of the bones. At grade 3, the lumen is practically closed, the growths are rough and large, osteosclerosis progresses, and joint deformity is pronounced.
Both diseases are manifested by pain and increased fatigue of the legs. There are often signs of inflammation - swelling, redness. As the disease progresses, the foot becomes deformed. Flat feet go through the following stages of development:
In people diagnosed with grade 2 flat feet, arthrosis is a common complication; usually at this stage it reaches grade 1-2. In addition to pain and increased fatigue, crunching in the joints and limited mobility are added. At the late stage of osteoarthritis, the joints almost completely lose mobility and become deformed, the pain does not stop even at night. In the later stages of flat feet with arthrosis, they cover all legs and spread to the lumbar region. It is difficult for a person to maintain balance, his posture is impaired.
The main method for diagnosing flat feet is x-ray. The picture is taken under load in 2 projections. It is drawn out to measure angles and distances. The foot print is examined (plantography, podoscopy), samples and tests are performed. Muscles are checked using electromyography.
Many conscripts and their parents are confident that the army will not threaten young people with flat feet. Illness of the 1st degree is not a reason for exemption from service, this has always been the case. As for the second degree, until 2014, conscripts with this disease in combination with arthrosis of the 2nd degree were enlisted in the reserves. According to the latest edition of the disease schedule, conscripts with level 2 flat feet are fit for service with minor restrictions. Category B-3 allows you to serve in most branches of the military, except for the elite. They issue a military ID and enroll patients with the following disorders into the reserve:
Only patients with a pathological foot, its absence or severe deformities are considered completely unfit for military service (category D).
In the early stages, flat feet are treated with conservative methods. Drug therapy can eliminate pain; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are mainly used. For muscle spasms and convulsions, muscle relaxants are prescribed. Medications that improve circulation may be helpful. If flat feet have not progressed to an advanced form, it is quite possible to cure it, but an integrated approach is needed:
First of all, you need to give up narrow, tight high-heeled shoes. The maximum permissible height is 4–5 cm. Shoes with arch supports, orthopedic insoles, and orthotic inserts will help support the arch of the foot. Orthopedic products for the correction of flat feet are manufactured individually, according to a doctor’s prescription. Physiotherapy for flat feet helps relieve pain and inflammation, tones muscles, strengthens ligaments, and stimulates blood circulation. Electrophoresis with medications, stimulation with currents, magnetic fields, and UHF are indicated. Foot baths and hydromassage, mud therapy, and clay wraps have a good effect. You can correct the arch of your foot through manual therapy.
Every day you need to devote 5-10 minutes to gymnastics: rise and fall on your toes, on your heels, tuck your toes, transfer your body weight alternately to the inside and outside of the foot. Exercises using the Bubnovsky method help combat flat feet. It is useful to walk on grass, sand, and pebbles barefoot. Patients who have been diagnosed with level 2 flat feet and arthrosis should purchase a Lyapko massage mat or make an analogue of it yourself, attaching pine needles and pebbles to dense fabric. Every day you need to walk on the mat for 3-5 minutes; it is also better to perform exercises on it. Manual self-massage should be done in the mornings and evenings, the minimum session duration is 5 minutes. The entire foot is kneaded with the pads of the thumbs.
If flat feet are accompanied by arthrosis, they resort to the same treatment methods, but expand the list of physiotherapeutic procedures, massage techniques, and a set of exercises. It may be necessary to fix the affected joints using special orthopedic devices. For flat feet and arthrosis, occurring alone or in a combined form, it is necessary to lose weight and switch to a healthy diet, especially if the diseases are caused by metabolic disorders.
With flat feet with arthrosis, the intensity of pain increases, especially in the later stages. Non-steroidal drugs are not always enough; for severe pain, analgesics are prescribed, and for acute inflammatory processes, intra-articular injections of corticosteroids are prescribed. The specificity of drug treatment of arthrosis is the use of chondroprotectors and hyaluronic acid preparations. Hyaluronic acid restores the normal volume and chemical composition of intra-articular fluid. Chondroprotectors protect cartilage tissue from destruction, and at an early stage of arthrosis they can even restore it subject to prolonged systematic use.
In the later stages of flat feet with arthrosis, surgical intervention is indicated. For flat feet, operations are performed on soft and hard tissues. Bone growths are eliminated, the position of the bones is corrected, after which they are fixed in the correct position. Today, low-traumatic operations are practiced; deformities are eliminated using thin burs through small punctures. After such an operation, the pain is minor and goes away quickly; a plaster cast is not required. If special shoes are used, the patient can walk independently the very next day. The load is gradually increased, after 3-5 weeks the foot can be loaded to its full extent.
A number of clinics resort to an innovative operation - through an incision the length of which does not exceed 2 cm, a lightweight and durable metal implant is implanted into the foot. It performs the same function as an orthotic insole, but operates continuously, even when a person takes off their shoes.
For arthrosis of the foot, both minimally invasive operations (arthroscopy) and those requiring more serious surgical intervention are performed. The most effective is endoprosthetics. But this is a rather complex and expensive operation, after which an artificial joint needs to be developed. There are endoprostheses for replacing various joints, but more often such operations are performed on large joints. It is easier and cheaper to perform arthrodesis by fusing the bones directly. It is impossible to move the joint after such an operation, but it relieves pain.
Flat feet may seem like a minor problem at first glance. But this pathology is a trigger for a number of serious diseases of the joints of the lower extremities and spine. Flat feet can be complicated by purulent processes in the foot, bursitis (inflammation of the joint capsule). If the disease reaches grade 3–4 and is combined with arthrosis or other pathology of the foot, the patient may be assigned a disability. Therefore, maximum attention should be paid to the prevention of this disease. Wearing comfortable shoes, walking barefoot, foot massage, healthy eating, weight control, and an active lifestyle without overloading the legs will help prevent it.
Flatfoot is a type of foot deformity in which its longitudinal and transverse arches drop. Transverse flatfoot accounts for 55.23% of all types of foot deformities, and longitudinal flatfoot accounts for 29.3%. With grade 3 flat feet, pain occurs in the calf muscles, knees, soles of the feet and other parts of the body.
Flat feet of the 3rd degree are usually a consequence of insufficient treatment in the initial stages, when the foot deformity was still subtle. As the disease progressed, the ligamentous apparatus weakened, the bones of the foot moved further away from each other, and its longitudinal and transverse arches sagged. The foot coped with shock-absorbing functions increasingly worse, until the clinical picture reached the third stage of pathology development.
Obesity and connective tissue diseases lead to flat feet of the 3rd degree. The factor of metabolic disorders cannot be ignored, especially if the body lacks vitamin D, which contributes to bone deformation, including the foot. Occupational chronic damaging factors, for example, working in a static position, also have an impact. Such professions include cook, salesperson, sales floor manager and others. Flat feet can also be a consequence of fractures and other foot injuries. Moreover, pathological processes are often associated with a long stay of the foot in a cast and lack of loads, the development of muscle wasting.
The pathology can develop against the background of osteochondrosis, diseases of the ankle, knee and hip joints, and wearing incorrectly selected shoes, including high heels.
Normally, the foot has two healthy arches, longitudinal and transverse, which absorb shock loads when walking. When flatfoot develops, the foot becomes flat in the longitudinal or transverse arch, or a combined deformity occurs in which both arches become flattened.
When the foot ceases to perform shock-absorbing function, this leads to increased shock load on the ankle, knee and hip joints. The joint surfaces hit each other with full force, which often leads to joint injuries and pain. The disease is often combined with arthrosis, scoliosis and osteochondrosis.
The foot of a sick person has a characteristic appearance: the sole is widened, the toes are elongated and curved, and there are calluses on the foot. The heel is strongly deviated outwards and the big toe is also strongly deviated, temporarily reducing the pain in the foot.
Symptoms of grade 3 flat feet include several aspects.
Without timely treatment, grade 3 longitudinal flatfoot can lead to the formation of a planovalgus foot, in which pain will occur even with the slightest movement. At the same time, the foot turns strongly with the plantar side inward.
Transverse flatfoot of the 3rd degree leads to excessive deviation of the big toe outward, and the middle toe acquires a hammer-like shape. A bone growth appears at the base of the thumb. The development of a transverse shape leads to inflammation of the periarticular bursa (bursitis).
Combined flatfoot leads to severe problems with walking. In this case, the load distribution occurs incorrectly. Shock absorption functions are transferred to the knee and hip joints, causing them to wear out faster. Part of the load also falls on the spine, resulting in osteochondrosis and herniated intervertebral discs.
Flat feet of the 3rd degree causes pain in the feet, knees, hips, back, makes the gait heavy, and the posture unnatural. Due to the deformation of the foot, it becomes easier for the patient to bend over rather than squat, and when squatting, it is difficult to maintain balance. When walking, a person becomes clubbed and the length of the legs becomes disproportionate. In addition, flat feet are one of the common causes of ingrown toenails.
The easiest way to diagnose flat feet is to perform a stain test. The feet are marked with paint, which can then be easily washed off, then the patient stands with both feet on a sheet of paper. The fingerprints can be used to judge both the presence and extent of the disease. Another sign of flat feet is the wear and tear of everyday shoes that have been in use for more than 4–5 months. With a healthy foot, the tread on the sole wears out evenly. Wear of the tread on the inside indicates flat feet. If these signs appear, you should consult a doctor.
When you see an orthopedic surgeon, you will perform a physical examination or analyze images obtained with a podoscope. When making a diagnosis, the correct location of the anatomical landmarks of the foot and ankle, range of motion and angles of deviation of the foot, reaction of the arch and muscles to loads, features of gait and shoe wear are taken into account.
Confirmation of the pathology is carried out using x-rays of the feet. This way you can more reliably judge the development and nature of the deformation. The picture is taken in two projections in a standing position on one leg so that the foot is under load. With grade 3 flat feet, the angle of inclination of the foot exceeds 150°. The height of the arch does not exceed 17 mm.
Treatment of grade 3 flat feet can take several months or years and largely depends on whether the patient himself is ready to regularly follow all medical recommendations. Therapy may include medications, orthopedic and surgical treatments.
Medication measures are used to a limited extent and include protective and restorative agents. These can be complexes of vitamins and minerals, chondroprotectors, dietary supplements with hyaluronic acid and other active ingredients. If flat feet are combined with inflammatory and degenerative processes, treatment can be supplemented with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intra-articular injections of corticosteroids and other methods.
In most cases, they try to limit treatment to orthopedic measures - wearing special shoes or insoles. Such means allow you to gradually accustom the foot to the correct position and redistribute the load so that the ligamentous apparatus of the foot absorbs shock when walking and running. Orthopedic devices are selected individually depending on the degree and type of deformity. This can be a standard insole, heel pad, intertoe cushion, insoles or shoes made to individual parameters. A patient prescribed orthotics should undergo regular examination, and if the configuration of the foot changes, the orthotic devices will need to be replaced, taking into account the new angle of the foot, heel height and other significant characteristics.
Another important component of the treatment of grade 3 flat feet is gymnastics to strengthen the ligaments of the foot. Exercises are selected individually, taking into account the type of deformity. Basic techniques that are recommended for all patients without exception include raising on your toes, rolling from toe to heel, alternately tucking your toes in a sitting position, lifting small objects with your toes, walking on uneven surfaces, for example, on a massage mat, sand or pebbles. . The complex must begin with a two-minute foot massage. It is recommended to do all exercises daily for 30 minutes.
Surgical correction is indicated when the effectiveness of other methods is low, as well as in cases of severe foot deformity, when orthopedic treatment is inappropriate. During surgery, ligaments and tendons that cannot be returned to their normal position and functionality are shortened. As a result, the bones of the foot are positioned correctly, forming a natural arch. If joints are affected, measures may be taken during surgery to remove bone or cartilage growths. After surgery, the chances of recovery of the foot increase dramatically.
This article is posted for educational purposes only and does not constitute scientific material or professional medical advice.
Flatfoot of the 1st degree is often called mild, since at this stage the disease is more reminiscent of a cosmetic defect. Unfortunately, every third person suffers from this disease. Flat feet of the first degree can cause diseases of almost every organ in our body
At the initial stage, the first degree does not cause significant inconvenience in both children and adults. The first sign may be pain after long walks. A person can independently determine whether he has flat feet.
If at the end of the day you feel tired, the pain also becomes more pronounced when you press on the sole. Level 1 flatfoot is also characterized by swelling and discomfort in some shoes. This disease has a profound effect on a person's gait. It will most likely change from light and casual to heavier.
Healthy feet mean a healthy body, and you need to take care of your body and take care of it!
There are two types of flat feet, since a person has two arches: longitudinal and transverse. Often, longitudinal flatfoot is more common than transverse one. There is also a combination, this is the flattening of the transverse and longitudinal arch.
Longitudinal usually does not bother a person; in addition to the presence of pain and discomfort in the leg during long walking, aching pain may occur in the calves and in the upper part of the instep. The main vault lowers under heavy loads. You may notice an increase in the foot, both in width and length. At the first degree, the angle of its arch will be 131-140, and the height of the arch will be 35-25mm. The main reason for this defect is work and excess weight. They, in turn, require unnecessary stress on the legs as a whole.
At the initial stages of this disease, any changes do not occur or are simply not visible. There are no problems when choosing shoes. To diagnose first-degree flatfoot, it is worth using an x-ray.
Typically, flat feet of this degree manifest themselves in periodic pain in the forefoot. You can also find that the angle between the metatarsal bones increases by 10-12 degrees. It is also characterized by a deviation of the angle of the first finger of approximately 20 degrees, and in some cases more.
Transverse flatfoot is rare in children, but in adults it appears closer to 30-50 years of age. The toes have the appearance of hammers, the appearance of corns is observed, and the skin in this area becomes rough and inflamed.
Due to the fact that this disease can cause a number of complications in children at an early age, it is advisable to periodically show the child to an orthopedic doctor. Do not forget that the time when you can finally make a diagnosis and determine the degree in children is the age of 3 years. If you look closely, with grade 1 flat feet, children lose the elasticity of their gait (the baby walks loudly).
In the first degree, conservative treatment methods are used in children (massage, manual therapy, etc.). Also, with the first degree of flat feet in children, it is necessary to choose rational shoes, reduce the load on the legs when walking or standing, and do therapeutic exercises. It is also recommended to use instep supports and orthopedic shoes made individually.
It has long been no secret to everyone that you cannot join the army with flat feet. But the extent of this change in the legs is also important to obtain liberation.
If an orthopedic doctor told you that you have mild flat feet (flat feet of the first degree), then it will still not save you from the army.
Despite what they say, you can join the army with flat feet. Moreover, with both transverse and longitudinal flat feet.
But there is one thing, if you also have a fracture of the tubular bones of your legs with level 1 flat feet, then you will not be able to get into the army. Since their recovery requires a long time (at least three months).
Angelina, 47 years old, Izhevsk
My grandson complained of periodic aching pain in his leg during long walks. We went to the doctor to determine the extent of the disease, after taking an x-ray, the doctors gave us a conclusion - flat feet of the 1st degree of development. Now we wear orthopedic insoles and undergo a massage course. It’s good that we paid attention to the initial (first) stage, we will do everything to prevent the disease from progressing further.
Nikolay, 38 years old, Chelyabinsk
I could never suspect that I might have some degree of flatfoot until the summons arrived. There was a medical examination, and it turned out to be first degree. I thought, well, that’s it, the Ukrainian military forces won’t see me, but that’s not the case. They said that there are worse diagnoses. Served as expected. And so that the disease progressed, he wore corrective insoles.
Vladimir, 32 years old, Ryazan
A good friend of mine also faced this problem in his youth when he decided to go to serve. During a medical examination, it was discovered that I had flat feet, but with some complications. And due to the fact that long-term treatment was prescribed, service had to be avoided.
The most common deviation of the musculoskeletal system is considered to be any degree of flat feet. The reason for this is the ease with which this arch disorder can be acquired. Most often, the disease is diagnosed in children of adolescence and older, but the main cause of the acquired disease is explained by the peculiarity of the structure of the child’s feet. Congenital flatfoot of 1st 2nd degree and higher is another question, but the fight against the consequences in all cases is usually similar.
Using degrees, the severity of such a definition as flat feet is classified. This makes it possible to assess the level of impairment of the shock-absorbing functions of the feet and predict the impairment of the uniform distribution of load on the musculoskeletal system.
The most difficult medical case is stage 3 flatfoot. Diagnosis of only the first stage is not a reason to relax. The disease may progress. And in the case of prolonged exposure to factors that provoke deformation of the arch of the foot, flat feet of the 1st degree quickly turns into the third. In parallel, a number of destructive processes occur with the transverse and longitudinal arches of the foot. They change the biologically normal shape and distribution of load on the joints of the entire musculoskeletal system.
The result is displacement of the vertebrae, deformation of the joints, compression and damage to the cartilage tissue in each area subjected to increased loads. Of course, the process does not happen in a single moment. This is why flatfoot of the first degree, as well as the condition preceding it, is dangerous. The destructive process goes unnoticed for a long time.
The medical term “flatfoot” is a characteristic of a flattened, deformed arch of the foot. There are three degrees of flat feet, each of which poses a serious health hazard.
Diagnosing some types of flat feet on your own is quite difficult. True, for the most part, negative factors are quite easily identified and eliminated. The following are the main causes of the disease:
The appearance of an initial degree of flatfoot is provoked by a fairly wide range of factors. They need to be known not only in order to understand the cause of the disease, but also, if possible, to eliminate or minimize its negative impact on the feet.
The first and second stages of flat feet are less noticeable in appearance than the third. But, regardless of the stage of the disease, each of them has its own characteristic signs that allow you to notice the problem in time and consult a doctor.
The first stage of the disease is practically invisible in appearance and does not cause any pain. The main symptom of the disease is general fatigue of the legs after a hard day at work. Usually no one pays attention to this, mistaking the symptom of the initial stage of deformation of the arch of the foot for ordinary fatigue. Sometimes an additional sign of a disorder is a minor cosmetic defect of the foot.
Flat feet of the second degree have more noticeable symptoms. These include severe pain in the feet and ankle joints, increased leg fatigue, and swelling. The patient regularly feels quite severe pain in the calf muscle, sometimes as a result of deformation of the bones of the arch of the foot, the gait changes. The deformation becomes quite noticeable externally and can cause not only physical, but also aesthetic discomfort.
If a patient is diagnosed with grade 3 flatfoot, treatment of the disorder in this case becomes a necessity for patients. The reason is the danger of this stage of curvature for the body - it can cause many diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Externally, the patient’s leg loses its curved arch almost completely. A person begins to experience severe pain in the knees, lower back, and hip joint. Often the patient is diagnosed with a hernia, osteochondrosis, or curvature of the spine.
Depending on the angle of curvature of the foot, three stages of flat feet are distinguished. Each of them has its own characteristic features that are noticeable to the naked eye. The final third degree, in which the deformation of the foot is maximum and very pronounced, looks especially recognizable.
The most dangerous is not transverse or longitudinal flatfoot, but rather a combined variant, in which the patient has several health-threatening pathologies from the first and second groups. For their treatment, surgery is usually indicated. Conservative medical methods in case of neglect are usually ineffective.
Longitudinal flatfoot leads to changes in the size of the legs. As a rule, the patient increases along the foot. At the first stage, such deformation does not cause much trouble to the patient. Longitudinal flatfoot of the 2nd degree without treatment leads to the disappearance of the arch of the foot, pain appears in the knee joints and lower back. At the third stage, pain symptoms spread to almost the entire joint group of the legs and lower back, as well as the spine. Often there is growth of the head of the first metatarsal bone, headaches, and changes in gait.
The transverse type of flatfoot includes three stages. The result of the deformation is a shortening of the foot and an increase in its upper part. Orthopedic insoles are used to treat the initial stages, but they are effective only at the initial stage of the disease. There are three stages of transverse flatfoot:
The stages of the disease separately are rarely used in medicine when making a diagnosis. Typically, flat feet are divided into three types - transverse, longitudinal or combined.
The longer the patient wears the “wrong” shoes, the worse the condition of the delicate tissue responsible for the “strength” of the arch becomes. Shoes with heels no higher than 4 centimeters, made from natural materials that allow the skin of the foot to “breathe,” are considered optimal. It is also recommended to use special orthopedic devices for treatment, such as massage mats or special shoes with curved soles.
How to treat flat feet of degree 2 and higher should be checked with a doctor, since the choice of an effective technique depends on the factors provoking the disease. Removing them is the number one task in healing. It is not always possible to completely cure a curvature that has been developing for quite a long time using conservative methods. Especially when the patient has bilateral longitudinal or transverse curvature of the foot.
Surgery may be required to restore the beauty of your legs. The main thing that should be done when a deformation of the arch of the foot is detected is to promptly find and eliminate the factor that provokes the disease. Doing this yourself is allowed only at your own peril and risk. Contacting a specialist will not only speed up the recovery process, but will also eliminate the hidden risks associated with seemingly harmless flat feet.
Choosing anatomically correct shoes is the main step towards treating the first stage of arch deformities. It is incorrectly selected shoes that most often become the cause of illness.
Flat feet can be of varying degrees, depending on which the treatment method is selected. In the severe stage, serious pathologies occur in the spine, which increases the load on the feet when a person walks. To prevent serious complications, it is necessary to use surgical treatment methods that can help you get rid of flat feet in a timely manner.
The longitudinal arch is located on the inner edge of the foot. It is formed by the cuboid, calcaneus, and metatarsal bones, and is attached with the help of the plantar aponeurosis. Due to this structure, a person can produce shock absorption when walking, jumping, and prevents the foot from being damaged even more. The x-ray shows how the sizes of the angles relate; using this method you can find out about the degree of flat feet.
The arch is located between the two heads of the metatarsal bone. The x-ray shows that the upper contours of the bone can form a line in the form of an arc. When it is curved and linear, the diagnosis is transverse flatfoot.
If it is located horizontally, it is fixed at 3 points - in the head of the metatarsal bone, the protrusion of the heel. When the arches become flattened, the fixation may change, causing pain and swelling of the sole.
The following muscle groups of the sole can be distinguished:
1. The internal one is responsible for allowing the thumb to abduct and adduct.
2. The outer one is responsible for regulating the little finger.
3. The median will help ensure the movement of all fingers.
Due to the fact that muscles contract and relax, it is possible to support the longitudinal and transverse arch. When the bundles diverge in different directions, blood circulation in the muscles is disrupted.
1. Muscles and ligaments weaken.
2. Bone tissue loses its strength.
3. Flat feet occur due to prolonged walking when a person wears narrow shoes.
4. As a consequence of injury.
1. With flat feet of the 1st degree, unbearable pain occurs in the foot area, it worsens after prolonged physical activity. The sole swells greatly, the disease gets worse when a person walks for a long time, it becomes especially difficult in the evening. To prevent the pain from progressing, you need to walk correctly. Be sure to rest after intense physical activity. To do this, you need to place your feet on a pillow above your heart.
2. With 2nd degree flat feet, the person gets tired, the legs swell greatly, the height decreases, and the angle widens. In the evening the sole becomes flattened. For preventive purposes, in order to protect yourself from the 3rd and 4th stages of the disease, it is necessary to load the foot as little as possible, and not to load it when you walk.
3. With 3rd degree flat feet, the sole hurts a lot, even after a slight load. The forefoot is widened, the toe is shifted outward. To alleviate symptoms, you need to wear insoles and orthopedic shoes. Sometimes surgery is necessary.
4. Flat feet of the 4th degree is characterized by the fact that the sole is sharply turned inward. The disease can be cured with surgery; the symptoms are very painful.
Lines are visible on x-rays, this is how you can find out about deformation. To do this, you need to take a functional photograph. During the x-ray, the second leg is pulled back. The picture is taken with support on the leg that is being examined.
X-ray helps to find out about the degree of flat feet:
Grade 1 is diagnosed if the metatarsal bone is slightly deviated towards the inside. The second moves slightly towards the sole, the gaps widen.
Grade 2 is characterized by the fact that the load is distributed between the two metatarsal bones; they are hypertrophied. Osteophytes are located at the edge of the head of the bone.
At grade 3, a hammer-shaped curvature occurs between the fingers.
Grade 4 is characterized by the fact that the anatomical relationship between the bones is disrupted.
Symptoms depend on how severe the pathology is and what degree it is. At the initial stage, the disease can be cured using the following methods - brisk walking, a balanced diet, and following the recommendations of the orthopedist.
It is difficult to detect the disease in a small child under 4 years old; for this, a test is performed:
1. Dissolve brilliant green and lubricate your feet with it.
2. After the child is placed on a white, clean sheet. It should show two legs.
3. The fingerprint is assessed using the Yaralov method. To do this, connect the big toe and the center of the heel. The second line starts from the middle of the heel and continues to the index finger.
Using the test results, you can find out about the degree of flat feet. When the curve is beyond the first line, the arch is normal. If degree 1, the bend appears behind two lines, a diagnosis of degree 3-4 is made.
Flat feet must be treated after diagnosis. This way you can stop the development of the disease; in children, flat feet end in a pathological process in the spine.
1. Taking anti-inflammatory baths with the addition of St. John's wort, chamomile, and sage. With their help you can stop the inflammatory process and relieve swelling. It is recommended to take it before a massage, this way you can relax the skin.
2. Give up high heels, give up hard stiletto shoes.
3. It is recommended to perform a foot massage, with its help you can improve blood circulation in the feet, for this you need to find the points and perform a massage, with which you can increase immunity.
4. Try to walk barefoot as much as possible, it is especially recommended to do this in the morning when there is dew.
5. Manufacturing of special insoles using computer pedography. The technique helps to calculate what the structure of the sole is.
6. Use orthopedic insoles, this is the best prevention of flat feet, with their help you can get rid of tension in the foot.
So, it is better to treat flat feet at an early stage of development.
treatment of joints and spine
?In your case, everything will be decided by the VVK. Are you too borderline?
?-Deforming arthrosis of the first metatarsal joint, stage III, with limitation of movements within plantar flexion of less than 10 degrees and dorsiflexion of less than 20 degrees;?
?-Post-traumatic deformation of the calcaneus with a decrease in the Böhler angle from 0 to minus 10 degrees and the presence of arthrosis of the subtalar joint.?
?Longitudinal flatfoot is regulated by Art. 68 Schedules of illnesses. Of decisive importance for awarding a particular category of fitness for military service are the angles between the musculoskeletal bones and the angle of deflection of the first finger.?
?The normal arch angles are 125°-130°, the arch height is 39 mm.?
?Pain in the foot;?
?Razgovor Razgovor?
?Always come to the medical examination with medical documents prepared in advance that confirm your disease (flat feet of the 3rd degree). Without documents, the military registration and enlistment office will not recognize you as having flat feet or will assign you a 1st or 2nd degree with which you can serve.?
?Transverse flatfoot 1st degree:? ?Longitudinal flatfoot 1st degree:?
?The appearance of a benign growth on the bone;?
?Deviation of the first finger at an angle of 20 - 30? ?Flat feet of the 1st degree at the beginning of 2016 will mean fitness category “A” for a conscript. This means that the person is completely healthy and ready to serve in any troops of the Russian Armed Forces (even in special forces). This means that the angle of the valley on your sole should be between 131 and 140 degrees longitudinally. And with a transverse one, the first toe deviates by 15 -20 degrees and the angle of the metatarsals between the first two bones is 10 -12 degrees.?
?Normally, the arch angle is 125-130 degrees, the height of the arch is 39 mm. Flatfoot degree I: the angle of the longitudinal internal plantar arch is 131-140 degrees, the height of the arch is 35-25 mm;? ?see article 68 - http://gvka.ru/zakon/rasp/rasp13/?
?When you go through a medical examination, the doctors will decide whether you are fit or not, they themselves will write it on your military ID. ? ?No. They didn’t even take me in sales from the 2nd one. did you want to?
?Actually they shouldn’t. But now, in my opinion, because of the shortage, they take both oblique and crooked ones?
?Medical documents must be issued by a government medical institution. The conclusions of private medical centers are not taken seriously by the military registration and enlistment office.?
?fitness category A is set, the angle between the 1-2 metatarsal bones: from 10° to 12°, the angle of deviation of the first toe: from 15° to 20°;? ?suitability category A is set, the angle of the longitudinal internal arch: from 131° to 140°, the height of the arch: from 35 mm. up to 25 mm?
?Inability to bend/extend the toes of the midfoot;??°?
?At the same time, this stage of the disease is not even considered as something that can prevent one from performing military duties, although a person feels some fatigue after walking, running, and other activities and may experience pain.? ?flatfoot degree II: angle of the longitudinal internal arch 141-155 degrees, arch height 24-17 mm;?
?Ludwig Aristarkhovich.? ?Svetlana Smyslova?
?Doctors at the military registration and enlistment office may ask you to take off your shoes and demonstrate your flat feet. At the same time, they will tell you to lean against the wall so that the load on your feet disappears and visually flat feet are not observed. Do not fall for such tricks and focus on having documents confirming the diagnosis.?
?Transverse flatfoot 2nd degree:?
?flat feet of the third degree: the angle of the longitudinal internal arch is more than 155 degrees, the height of the arch is less than 17 mm.?
?In 1981, I was drafted into the army with a similar diagnosis. Served for 7 years. About 15 years later I found out that I have flat feet.?
?Now they take everyone, because there is no one to serve. We took a guy with major scoliosis, but before they didn’t even take a guy with minor scoliosis. though they only took me away when I was 20 years old. and for the entire 2 years we spent visiting Moscow hospitals at our own expense. ?
?FLAT FOOT - 2nd degree, if there is deformation or defects of arthrosis of the 2nd degree in the area of the middle foot, the presence of, in addition to objective factors, the presence of pain in the joints, the degree of dysfunction of the feet is assessed (based on the worst leg), etc.?
?They don’t take you into the army:?
?I have been engaged in legal education of young people of military age since 2004 (until 2008 in the format of seminars). In 2008, he changed his work pattern and founded the law firm “Service for Assistance to Conscripts.” Today, this is one of the few companies that has more than 20 representative offices in various regions of Russia.?
?the fitness category is set to B-3, the angle between the 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones is from 12° to 15°, the angle of deviation of the first toe is from 20° to 30°;?
?suitability category A is set, the angle of the longitudinal internal arch: from 141° to 155°, the height of the arch: from 24 mm. up to 17 mm?
?With this stage of this disease you will receive a “B3” fitness category. Moreover, this will happen only if you, together with flat feet, have stage 2 deforming arthrosis. It is characterized by the destruction of the soft tissues of the joints of the foot, which leads to their deformation and can cause significant pain in a person. Signs of stage 2 of arthrosis:?
?Longitudinal: The angle of the depression on the sole is 141 - 155?
?To be released under Article 68-v of the Republic of Belarus, you must have 3rd degree flat feet OR flat feet. Stage 2 with stage 2 arthrosis on at least one leg.?
?Borders of longitudinal flatfoot 2st degree. — the angle of the longitudinal internal arch is 141-155 degrees, the height of the arch is 24-17 cm. According to Art. 68, item c, not subject to conscription.?
?Flat feet and other foot deformities:?
?Transverse flatfoot 3rd degree:?
?Longitudinal flatfoot 3rd degree:?
?Each of us has heard the phrase “People with flat feet don’t join the army” at some point in their lives. Of course, this is true, but only partly. Very often, young people do not know whether a conscript can be drafted with a diagnosis of flat feet: To clarify the situation with flat feet and the army, we decided to systematize all the information on this topic so that you can clearly understand what you can count on if you have a diagnosis of “Flat feet.”?
?Destruction of articular cartilage leads to a narrowing of the gap in the foot by 50%;?
“Run immediately to the lawyers, they will try to scam you and put you in the army.”
?If the angle of the arch is 156 degrees or more, and the height of the arch is less than 17 cm, then this is flat feet of the 3rd degree - especially not subject to conscription.?
?- Moderately severe deformities of the foot with minor pain and static disturbances, for which it is possible to adapt shoes of an established military standard for wearing;?
?they don’t call! ! there is a schedule of illnesses!! ! and don’t listen to any vahlaks! ! If anything, go straight to court!?
?the fitness category is set to the angle between 1-2 metatarsal bones: from 15° to 20°, the angle of deviation of the first toe: from 30° to 40°;?
?the suitability category is set to the angle of the longitudinal internal arch: from 155° and more, height of the arch: up to 17 mm.?
?In order to determine the presence of flat feet in a conscript, as well as to find out its type and degree, an x-ray examination is carried out. Photographs of the feet are taken in two projections: longitudinal and transverse, in both cases with full load (standing).?
?Marginal growths appear - osteophytes approximately 1 millimeter long.?
?How many healthy guys were rejected from the army. I personally served for a year. and I'm not ashamed. There was one guy with us who served with a duodenal ulcer, so he was taken to the hospital and was barely saved. What about the military registration and enlistment office, the draft commission. There are plenty of freaks around. ?
?In your question you did not indicate the height of the arch and there is no complete description of the X-ray images of 2 feet. Therefore, it is not possible to indicate exactly what degree of flatfoot and on which leg. The conclusion is given based on the worst leg.?
?-Longitudinal flatfoot of the third degree without valgus position of the heel bone and phenomena of deforming arthrosis in the joints of the middle part of the foot;?
?Transverse flatfoot 4 degrees:?
?Thus, only longitudinal flatfoot of the 3rd degree gives an exemption from military service.?
?Longitudinal flatfoot is a foot deformity in which the foot is in contact with the floor with most of the sole, and the length of the foot increases (that is, a dropped arch is diagnosed).?
?As you can see, in conditions of military service, this type of flatfoot will bring a person numerous problems of both a physical and psychological nature. Not to mention the fact that without proper corrective measures and treatment, the disease will certainly progress noticeably.?
?The draft commission can draft anyone into our army! They have a schedule, and your health is in the background.?
?At the 2nd degree with arthrosis they are no longer called for. If there is no arthrosis, then they will call you. And it always makes sense to fight for your rights. Maybe something will burn out. There are always a lot of disagreements regarding flat feet. As they say, as many doctors as there are so many opinions. Each doctor draws pictures in his own way.?
?According to Art. 68″b” or art. 68 “c” of the illness schedule, you are partially fit for military service, fitness category B. After checking and approving the decision by the higher draft commission, you will be given a military ID.?
?-Longitudinal or transverse flatfoot of the II degree with deforming arthrosis of the II stage of the joints of the middle foot;?
?sometimes they take it, sometimes they don’t?
?Fitness category In the angle between 1-2 metatarsal bones: from 20°, angle of deviation of the first toe: from 40°;?
?Transverse flatfoot is a foot deformity in which the transverse arch of the foot is flattened, its forefoot rests on the heads of all five metatarsal bones, the length of the feet is reduced due to a fan-shaped divergence of the metatarsal bones, deviation of the first toe outward and a hammer-shaped deformation of the middle toe?
?Degrees of longitudinal flatfoot?
?Only two types of this disease will help you avoid military service:?
?The metatarsal angle between the first and second toes is 12 - 15?