An inherent property of the human body: often when a person falls, due to inertia, he rests on his knee. The result of this action is a minor abrasion on the leg, a bruise, and sometimes a severe fracture of the knee joint. If an injury occurs, proper diagnosis, qualified treatment and rehabilitation are important.
The structure of the knee is a complex connection of the musculoskeletal system of the human body. Due to the functionality of the joint, a person is able to move, sit, and squat. Typically, in a healthy state, the joint bends up to 160 degrees, if the knee is bent - up to 40 degrees. The joint is the largest in the body and can withstand heavy daily loads.
A knee fracture is considered the most dangerous of injuries; at the same time, it is an extremely unprotected and fragile part of the skeletal system. The tibia, fibula, femur, and patella are the main components of the knee joint. With the help of the articular membrane, the joint is protected from various damages and external influences. Two peculiar partitions (menisci) connect the lower bones in the joint. Menisci are articular cartilages that line the surface of the tibia, ligaments and muscles located in the joint maintain the stability of the bone connection during running and walking.
The main function of the patella or kneecap is considered to protect the femur and tibia from lateral displacement. It helps muscles and ligaments work effectively and increases strength. Most leg injuries occur at the knee (60-70%), but fractures are extremely rare.
Treatment and rehabilitation of the injury depends on the broken parts of the bones. There are 4 forms of knee fracture:
The main causes of a fracture are usually caused by a direct blow from a blunt object to the knee or a sharp contraction of the quadriceps femoris muscle (occurs when the torso turns sharply and the ligaments of the knee joint cannot cope with the powerful load).
Symptoms of a kneecap fracture include:
As a result of an accident, a blow with a hard object, or a street injury, a fracture of the kneecap occurs with displacement of bone fragments. The degree of difficulty depends on the characteristics: closed or open. Unlike a closed fracture, when the skin is not damaged, with an open fracture, muscles, tissues, tendons, ligaments are torn, and sometimes the bone is visible.
Strong displacements of the patella bones or fragments pose a great danger: a fracture is characterized by displacement of parts of the broken cup in relation to other bones. The severity of the displacement varies and depends on the severity of the injury to the lateral stretch of the tendon in the extensor apparatus. The displacement is usually horizontal - the muscle tendon pulls the patella upward. Due to muscle contraction, the upper fragment or fragments form a large bruise, eventually moving down to the foot. The fragments separate, forming a crevice.
A displaced fracture can be comminuted and is treated with surgery. The consequences of the non-surgical method can be irreparable: there is a possible risk of improper bone healing. This leads to impaired joint mobility in the future and disability. The operation is carried out using bolts and wire. Rehabilitation of a broken part of the leg is extremely long; repeated surgery to remove bolts and wires is performed only after 2 years.
Severe pain, inability to turn or bend the leg, extensive swelling of the knee and internal hematoma are the main signs of a fracture.
Symptoms of a displaced patella fracture include:
Important: the bone fragments must be connected in time, avoiding serious consequences: it will be extremely difficult to restore the function of the knee, the person will not be able to move normally.
Symptoms become a signal to immediately consult a doctor. If the victim, for example, is in the forest, where there is no opportunity to quickly get to the emergency room, and the signs of severe injury are clearly expressed, it is necessary to provide the patient with first emergency aid. Consists of a number of stages:
Treatment for a knee injury depends entirely on the type of fracture. Before treatment, a thorough X-ray analysis of the injury will be required. The doctor will rule out the absence of pathologies, then prescribe a course of therapy. If necessary, a joint puncture or MRI is prescribed to clarify the diagnosis. If the fracture is simple, without displacement, treatment is conservative:
The fracture usually takes 4 to 6 weeks to heal. During this period, the sore knee should not be loaded; the patient is recommended to use crutches to move. After conservative treatment, the patient needs long-term rehabilitation; it is often difficult to restore joint mobility and muscle strength.
In case of a severe fracture of the knee cup with displacement (more than 2 mm), with multiple fragments, it is impossible to eliminate the displacement without surgery, the doctor’s actions:
In the postoperative period, a number of measures will need to be taken:
In order for the treatment result to be quick and positive, rehabilitation of physical and psychological health is necessary. If necessary, a psychologist works with patients who have received severe injuries.
During treatment, control x-rays are taken to avoid pathologies. Remember, the timing of treatment depends on the complexity of the fracture.
After removing the cast, rehabilitation of the leg injury is indicated in the form of physiotherapy and physical therapy to minimize complications. If you do not follow the doctor's instructions, leg mobility can be restored over many months. Rehabilitation involves removing blood from the joint with a special injection.
Restorative measures using exercise therapy and special types of massage ensure that rehabilitation proceeds quickly and the functions of the musculoskeletal system are restored. Regularity of procedures is important.
Exercises with a ball (squats) and sports equipment (treadmill, exercise bike) are often used as rehabilitation treatment. Therapeutic exercises should be carried out strictly under the supervision of a physiotherapist.
Strict adherence to the doctor’s instructions, timely rehabilitation, and nutritious nutrition will help you quickly restore lost body functions and live a full life.
treatment of joints and spine
?Under no circumstances should you “adjust” anything yourself?
?– a combination of an ankle fracture with a dislocation in the ankle joint;?
?Apply a plaster cast from the middle of the thigh to the tips of the toes.?
?after 3-4 months the patient’s ability to work is completely restored.?
?To confirm the diagnosis, an x-ray examination is performed. Pictures are taken in two projections: anteroposterior and lateral.?
?. As a rule, the patient can put weight on the injured leg the next day after surgery. In most cases, the use of osteosynthesis for intra-articular fractures in the early stages allows for the most accurate restoration of the articular surfaces, which eliminates the risk of early development of arthrosis of the damaged joint.?
?For displaced condyle fractures, reposition is performed and a plaster splint is applied for 6-7 weeks. If it is impossible to satisfactorily compare the fragments, skeletal traction is performed for up to 2 months. Full weight bearing is allowed 3 months after the injury.?
?Fracture of the tibial condyles?
?. This should be done by a traumatologist after the X-rays are taken.?
?A week after applying the plaster cast, repeat x-rays are taken to check the position of the fragments.?
?fracture of the inner malleolus?
?Surgical treatment using screws, plates and Ilizarov apparatus is possible.?
?– damage to the lateral parts of the upper part of the tibia. It is one of the intra-articular fractures and occurs when there is a direct blow, a fall on the knee or on straightened legs. May be accompanied by displacement or depression of fragments. It manifests itself as severe pain, hemarthrosis, severe limitation of movements in the knee joint and impaired support. The diagnosis is clarified using radiography, less often CT is used. Treatment tactics depend on the type of fracture; a plaster cast, skeletal traction and various surgical techniques can be used.?
?In the second type of fracture, a large fragment is separated from the outer edge of the condyle and is usually displaced and deviated outward. Poor radiographs may suggest that there is only bone damage caused by a glancing blow to the condyle. In fact, the fragment is split by the force of the impact of the femoral condyle on the articular surface. An accurate radiograph reveals the presence of simultaneous damage to the central part of the condyle, usually in the form of comminution. The difference between these types of fractures is determined by the position of the femoral condyle at the moment of impact with the tibia condyle. In the first type of fracture, the entire tibial condyle is compressed by the corresponding articular surface of the femoral condyle. The force of the impact is distributed over a wide surface, causing neither splitting nor crushing of the condyle of the tibia, but since there is a downward displacement, a secondary fracture of the neck of the fibula occurs. In the second type of fracture, the femur stands at a more acute angle to the tibia. The rupture of the external and cruciate ligaments is so great that the femur is displaced to a greater extent and its sharp outer edge splits the condyle of the leg. When it hits the ground, the edge of this compact bone cuts like a dull chisel into the tibia, breaking off a fragment from its edge and crushing the bone on the inside. Because the force of the impact is not spread over a wide area but is limited to a vertical line in the middle of the tibial condyle, the fibula remains intact. Even if the outward subluxation of the tibia, which can occur at the time of injury, is corrected, the depression in the head of the tibia remains, exactly corresponding in size and shape to the outer edge of the femoral condyle and thereby clearly showing its origin. In the absence of immediate reduction of the subluxation, the traumatic role of the femoral condyle becomes even more obvious (Fig. 352, 353).?
?Stop the bleeding, if any (with an open fracture)?
?ankle, when treatment was not carried out in a timely manner.?
?If there is no displacement and the fracture heals normally, the bandage is removed after 8-10 weeks.?
?(connected to the tibia);?
?The plaster is removed after 2-4 months.?
?Treatment of fractures of the lower leg bones, in which there is no displacement?
?bruise and fever. What could be causing this? And there is severe pain in the leg.?
?A tibial shaft fracture is the result of direct or indirect trauma. If the interosseous membrane remains intact, displacement of the fragments along the length does not occur. Possible angular and width shifts.?
?Fracture of the tibial condyles is an intra-articular injury to the lateral parts of the upper epiphysis of the tibia. It is detected in people of any age and gender. It occurs as a result of a direct blow to the knee joint, a fall on the knee or on straightened legs (in the latter case, as a rule, fractures are formed with the depression of fragments). Sometimes this type of tibia fracture is observed in a road traffic injury due to the knee hitting the front panel. The most commonly diagnosed fractures are the external condyle, the second most common are fractures of both condyles and the third are fractures of the internal condyle.?
?Rice. 352. Fracture of the lateral condyle of the tibia. Cruciate ligament rupture. The mechanism of splitting and crushing of the tibial condyle during wedging of the edge of the femoral condyle is quite clear.?
?. Depending on the intensity of the bleeding, you can apply a tight bandage or a hemostatic tourniquet.?
?. If a large artery is damaged, there is a risk of losing the entire part of the limb located below the injury.?
?Usually the doctor prescribes the first control image after applying skeletal traction on the 3rd day. If there is no displacement, treatment continues according to the plan described above. If the bone fragments are displaced, the traumatologist usually prescribes surgical treatment.?
?Doctor's answer:? ?The patient is concerned about pain and swelling in the area of injury. The lower leg is deformed. Support on the leg is impossible. To confirm, X-rays are taken in two projections.? ?Fractures can be complete or incomplete, with or without displacement. Incomplete injuries include crushed cartilage, limited depressions and cracks. Complete injuries are accompanied by separation of the entire condyle or part of it. Fractures of the condyles can be combined with damage to the ligaments of the knee joint, damage to the menisci, fractures of the fibula and intercondylar eminence. Motor vehicle accidents and falls from height may also result in fractures of other limb bones, TBI, pelvic and spinal fractures, blunt abdominal trauma, and chest injury.? ?Rice. 353. Photograph during reposition using a compression clamp (see Fig. 352).? ?The victim should be taken to the emergency room on a stretcher as soon as possible. ? ?. This is a degenerative disease accompanied by the destruction of cartilage and most often occurs when blood vessels and nerves are damaged. Manifests itself in the form of pain, crunching during joint movements, and limited mobility.?
?:? ?(connected to the fibula).? ?Nerve damage?
?We recommend that you consult a doctor. Do not self-medicate over the Internet.? ?Perform pain relief at the fracture site. If the fragments are displaced, reposition is carried out followed by the application of a plaster splint for a period of 2 months. When soft tissue interposition (tissue wedging between fragments) requires surgery.?
?At the time of injury, sharp pain appears in the knee. The knee is enlarged in volume; with a fracture of the internal condyle, a varus deformity may be detected, and with a fracture of the external condyle, a valgus deformity can be detected. Movement and support are severely limited. Pathological mobility is observed during lateral movements in the joint. By applying gentle pressure on the condyles with one finger, you can usually clearly identify the area of maximum pain. There is pronounced hemarthrosis, which sometimes causes a sharp expansion of the joint and disturbances of local circulation.? ?Without a clear understanding of the mechanism of injury, it is difficult to accurately determine the severity of the injury. The ligaments are completely torn. The lateral meniscus is damaged and pressed into the tibial condyle. The articular surface is seriously damaged. Wedging of the fragment into the base of the tibial condyle may interfere with reduction. Individual fragments may be deprived of blood supply. Avascular necrosis leads to degeneration of the overlying cartilage. There is a risk of permanent instability of the joint and the development of degenerative arthritis. However, immediate arthrodesis is indicated only in rare cases. The prognosis must be made very carefully, but precise reduction, complete immobilization and muscle exercises usually restore joint function.?
A blow to the outside of an extended knee forces the joint into a forced abduction position, tears the internal patellar ligament and can stretch the cruciate ligament. More severe trauma, such as being hit by a car or falling heavily on the outside of the limb, causes even greater valgus deformity in addition to tearing the collateral and cruciate ligaments and fracture of the lateral tibial condyle. The main task of the doctor is to establish whether in this case there is an isolated fracture of the lateral condyle of the tibia due to direct trauma to it or as a result of severe valgus tension causing rupture of the ligaments, and then splitting or crushing of the condyle, or whether there was first a rupture of the ligament, and then - compression or fracture of the lateral condyle due to wedging of bone fragments. Treatment of damaged soft tissue is no less important than treatment of the fracture itself. Massage and early exercises, which are sometimes recommended, are dangerous as they complicate the X-shaped deformity created due to uncorrected depression of the tibial condyle, non-union of torn ligaments and lateral instability of the knee joint. The main point of intervention should be correction of hallux valgus and provision of immobilization for at least 10 weeks. Even with sufficient immobilization, ligaments sometimes fuse with elongation, and some degree of loss of stability is inevitable. In addition, the articular surface of the lower leg is usually damaged, which causes the phenomenon of degenerative arthritis. The future function of the joint depends on the condition of the muscles. If the protection of the joint of a well-contracting muscle is not restored, then when turning and loading the body, stretching of weak ligaments will occur, damage to the joint and worsening of the arthritic condition. Wearing a splint does not improve the condition. The pain may be so severe that arthrodesis surgery may be required. On the other hand, if the tone and volume of the thigh muscles are maintained by active exercises of the quadriceps muscle, starting the next day after the injury, then the joint is provided with proper protection. A slight violation of the ligamentous apparatus is not of great importance. The joint is protected by the muscles from the effects of stress and arthritis does not progress (Fig. 350).?
?Contracture? ?it is not possible to eliminate the displacement of fragments using a closed method;?
?Depending on the mechanism of the fracture? ?. Leads to disruption of foot movements and gait.?
?. The doctor injects an anesthetic solution.? ?Doctor's answer:?
?A fracture of the diaphysis of the fibula develops as a result of a direct blow to the shin from the outside. The injury is accompanied by pain at the fracture site and slight swelling. The patient retains the ability to lean on his leg. Unlike a bruised leg, a fracture of the fibula causes pain when the leg is compressed laterally away from the site of injury. X-rays are performed to confirm. The patient is given a plaster splint for 3-4 weeks.
?The main method of instrumental diagnosis is radiography of the knee joint. X-rays are taken in two projections. In the vast majority of cases, this will make it possible to reliably establish not only the fact of the presence of fractures, but also the nature of the displacement of the fragments. If the X-ray results are ambiguous, the patient is referred to a CT scan of the joint. If concomitant damage to soft tissue structures (ligaments or menisci) is suspected, an MRI of the knee joint is prescribed. Sometimes condyle fractures are accompanied by compression of nerves and blood vessels; if damage to the neurovascular bundle (damage to the vessel and nerve damage) is suspected, consultations with a vascular surgeon and neurosurgeon are prescribed.?
?In Fig. 351 shows a typical compression fracture of the lateral condyle. The fracture line enters the joint in the area of the intercondylar eminence. The articular surface is smooth and unchanged. The condyle is wedged on the outer and posterior sides, causing the formation of deformation in the form of genu val - gum and limitation of extension. There is a comminuted wedged fracture of the neck of the fibula.?
?bimalleolar fractures (fractures of both ankles);? ?The prognosis with adequate comparison of fragments, compliance with the doctor’s recommendations and treatment time is usually satisfactory. The lack of complete anatomical reduction, as well as premature axial load on the joint, can provoke subsidence of the fragment, which causes the formation of valgus or varus deformity of the limb with the subsequent development of progressive post-traumatic arthrosis. ?
? ? ?Neither the type of fracture nor the use of manual or surgical reduction matters.? ?. To do this, you can use boards, pieces of reinforcement - tie the injured leg to them using a bandage or a long strip of fabric. It is advisable to find an object in the shape of the letter “L”, with which you can fix both the knee and the foot. In the absence of available means, you can bandage the injured leg to the healthy one.?
?removal of rods, screws and plates is carried out after 16-24 months, depending on the type, severity of the fracture, and the chosen method of fixation.? ?occurs after 3-4 months. ? ?discharged to work. After 3 months, the tibia fractured again without displacement (there was no injury, the bone just cracked while walking). A splint was applied. How long to walk with her? Why did the bone crack and how long will it take for it to heal now??
?. Usually carried out after 8-12 months.? ?Symptoms that a traumatologist identifies during an examination of a victim?
?Treatment of fractures of the lower leg bones, in which the fragments are displaced? ?Doctor's answer:?
?These signs are clearly expressed if a fracture of the tibia has occurred. When a fibula is fractured, there is usually only pain and slight swelling. This injury is more difficult to detect. In children, lower leg bones can break in a greenstick fashion. In childhood, bones have less calcium and are more flexible. The fragments are securely held by the periosteum, no displacement occurs.? ?Currently, treatment for tibial fracture?
?. To do this, take the foot by the heel with one hand, and by the toes with the other, and gently pull, straightening the leg.?
?multiple fracture? ?The diagnosis is confirmed after radiography. The fracture is clearly visible on the photographs. ? ?Curvature of the leg, impaired fusion of fragments due to insufficient fixation, loosening of the nuts.? ?They use special steel plates with holes, which are fixed to the bone with screws. Such structures cannot be used in small children, as they can damage the periosteum and disrupt bone growth.? ?. A steel knitting needle is passed through the heel bone, to which a bracket is attached and a load is suspended from it. The patient is placed with a suspended load on the bed on a special splint.?
?The articular surfaces themselves are not damaged, and thus there is no threat of developing arthritis. Damage to the ligamentous apparatus is less severe than with the second type of fracture. The cruciate ligaments may avoid damage altogether. The displacement can be corrected by traction and manipulation. For fresh fractures, surgical intervention is unnecessary. The prognosis is good. After correcting the valgus deformity and the level of the condyle, maintaining the tone of the femoral muscles allows one to count on good results (Fig. 351).? ?Apply cold to the area of the fracture?
?Treatment using the Ilizarov apparatus?
?Periodic radiography?
? is a characteristic crunch (as if bubbles are bursting) that occurs when fragments are displaced. Determined by pressing in the area of the fracture.?
In hospitals, skeletal traction is used for the heel bone. This method is used for preoperative preparation and improvement of the condition of the skin on the injured lower leg.? ?Usually occurs when falling from a height. In young patients, they are more often split, and in older patients, they are depressed. There are fractures of the internal and external condyles.? ?——————————? ?Rice. 351. Fracture of the external condyle of the tibia. View before? ?. This could be a towel soaked in cold water, an ice pack.?
?combination of ankle fractures with fractures of the shin bones?
?a blow to the ankle (for example, from a moving car);?
?In adults, the operation can be performed under local anesthesia, in children - only under general anesthesia. Knitting needles are passed through the bones of the lower leg in certain places, on which a metal structure is assembled from steel rings using threaded rods, bolts and nuts.?
?. Does the doctor monitor the education process using the images?
?In our center, traumatologists and orthopedists use the most modern methods of conservative and surgical treatment of tibial fractures. Using the latest techniques of extraosseous and intramedullary osteosynthesis? ?The patient complains of pain and swelling in the area of injury. The knee joint is enlarged as a result of hemarthrosis (accumulation of blood). A fracture of the external condyle is accompanied by an outward rotation of the tibia, a fracture of the internal condyle is accompanied by an inward deviation of the tibia. Movements in the joint are sharply painful and limited. Supporting your leg is impossible or difficult. To confirm, radiography and MRI of the knee joint are performed.?
?Avoid rough movements, do not stand on the injured leg?
?The doctor performs anesthesia - rinses the fracture site with an anesthetic solution.?
?a heavy object falling on the ankle area.?
?full load on the leg can be given as early as possible, since the Ilizarov apparatus reliably fixes bone fragments;?
?when pressing on the shin bones or the heel.?
?allows you to speed up the recovery and rehabilitation of patients with fractures of the lower leg bones? A fracture of the tibia is anesthetized, and if necessary, a puncture of the joint is performed. If the condyles are fractured without displacement, a plaster cast is applied for 1 month. Upon completion of immobilization, physiotherapy and exercise therapy are prescribed. Full weight bearing is allowed 2 months after the injury.? ?Bone fractures and joint damage (translated from English). - M.: Medicine, 1972. - p. 672.?
?. This can lead to even greater displacement of fragments, damage to blood vessels and nerves, and ultimately to the loss of a limb.?
?fracture-dislocation? ?Then closed reduction is performed - the traumatologist eliminates the displacement of the ankles.?
?Depending on which ankle is broken?
A heel fracture is an injury that is not common, but very unpleasant. You can get such an injury by unsuccessfully jumping from just a two-meter height. But it will take a lot of time to restore the damage - 3 months. The main question for a patient who has suffered a fracture of the calcaneus is when can one step on the foot? But the answer to it will depend on the type of fracture, its complexity and characteristics.
The heel bone is strong despite having a spongy structure. But even a mild form of injury requires long-term rehabilitation. Such a fracture is complicated by bleeding, which occurs due to damage to the veins located inside the bone.
There are several types of fracture of this bone.
Each of these fractures can be open or closed.
Each type of injury manifests itself differently. Closed fractures are considered more dangerous, as they are sometimes confused with a severe bruise and people are not in a hurry to see a doctor. This can lead to serious complications and irreversible consequences.
Open fractures provoke severe pain, even shock, and blood loss.
A fracture of the calcaneus can be suspected based on the following signs:
If you have such symptoms, you need to get to the emergency room as soon as possible. There they will conduct the necessary examinations, apply a plaster cast, and, if necessary, send you for surgery and hospital treatment.
If you don’t seek help in time and try to get rid of pain and swelling on your own, this will lead to complications:
The treatment method depends on the type of injury and its severity. But in any case, the recovery period will be long.
First of all, it is necessary to determine the exact picture of the injury. X-rays are used for this. A photograph of the limb is taken from two angles to obtain the most accurate information. This type of study is available in any hospital. But sometimes a CT scan is required. It makes it possible to assess the condition of the tissues adjacent to the damaged bone.
If the heel bones are displaced during a fracture, they require realignment. To do this, local anesthesia is used in the form of an injection of Novocaine, Lidocaine or another local anesthetic, then the doctor manually reduces the displacement. After this, a plaster cast is applied so that the leg is motionless at the ankle joint. Loads on the foot are allowed no earlier than the eighth week.
It is more difficult to treat comminuted fractures with displacement. Such cases require the use of extraosseous and intraosseous metal structures. They allow you to hold the bone fragments assembled together. The patient wears these structures for about six weeks, and the cast for 2 months. After the operation, the patient is prescribed strict bed rest.
In cases where a fracture has occurred, but bone displacement has not been detected, a plaster cast is applied without any preliminary interventions. The cast covers the leg all the way to the knee. The patient then walks on crutches.
Any type of fracture causes pain. To relieve pain after applying a cast, the patient may be prescribed painkillers. Basically, these are non-narcotic analgesics or NSAIDs - Ketanov, Analgin, etc. They are prescribed in the form of tablets, and if necessary, intramuscular injections.
Also, to stimulate the process of bone fusion, calcium intake is prescribed. These can be single preparations or multivitamin complexes containing it.
After removing the plaster, baths with sea salt are indicated. They also help strengthen bone tissue.
Displaced fractures require longer wearing of a cast. If only displacement is diagnosed, then the bandage cannot be removed for 3 months. If broken bone fragments are also identified, the fusion process can take up to 5 months.
If the patient requires a long recovery period, the cast can be replaced with an orthosis. This is a special device that allows you not to lose the function of the foot during treatment.
When the fracture is simple and the bone heals quickly and without complications, the plaster can be removed after six to seven weeks. But the patient will have to spend the same amount of time on rehabilitation measures.
It is easier to recover from a fracture without displacement and if it is not multiple. For such injuries, weight bearing on the forefoot is allowed as early as the fourth week. You should try to step on it carefully, following all the doctor’s recommendations.
In difficult cases, at least three months must pass before putting weight on the foot. During this time, any loads are prohibited, since the bones, which have just begun to heal, can be damaged again.
To fully restore limb function, rehabilitation is necessary.
The recovery period includes a complex of physical therapy, physiotherapy, and massage treatments. All these measures are aimed at restoring muscle tone and motor function, improving blood circulation and tissue nutrition.
Exercises can be as simple as rolling a ball with your bare foot on the floor or flexing and extending your toes. Massage is also needed, but not in all cases a professional one is required. Simple kneading and stroking movements along the lower leg and foot can be done independently at home.
Complex fractures require the participation of professional massage therapists and well-chosen exercises. These can be classes in special centers with instructors, with or without the use of simulators.
Physiotherapeutic procedures are prescribed as follows:
These actions improve blood circulation, stimulating bone tissue regeneration.
Heel bone fractures are one of the most unpleasant injuries. A long period of treatment and rehabilitation deprives the patient of his usual life for a long time. It is important to complete a full course of treatment and recovery so that the functions of the foot return to full extent. You can prevent such injuries by following safety precautions when playing sports and in normal daily life.