The musculoskeletal system plays a very important role, helping a person to carry out all kinds of movements, helping to live a full life. But sometimes diseases such as bursitis occur, which can cause pain, discomfort and make any movement difficult.
When this disease affects the joints, it is very important to know and understand the full responsibility for its treatment, since a delayed visit to a doctor can have a detrimental effect on your health.
Bursitis is a joint disease caused by inflammation of the synovial bursa, which is formed as a result of disruption of the natural position of the bones, as well as the muscles and tendons of the joint.
Most often, bursitis appears on the limbs, lower and upper, depending on which of them are subject to injury and constant stress.
Today it is customary to diagnose the following types of bursitis:
It is very important to identify the causes of bursitis, since treatment aimed at eliminating the disease is entirely based on eliminating the primary source of the disease.
A disease such as bursitis can manifest itself for several reasons, sometimes unrelated:
Bursitis may well develop due to improperly selected shoes or unmetered loads that negatively affect the joint. Any overexertion causes pain, since constant depreciation leads to wear and tear of the joint through the leakage of synovial fluid into its cavity.
Regardless of the nature of the onset of the disease, as well as its localization and degree, general symptoms are observed, which are characterized by the manifestation of such signs as:
At the first signs of the disease and in the early stages of its diagnosis, a conservative treatment option is possible, which consists of the use of medications, as well as physiotherapeutic methods.
The use of general therapy is widely used for the primary symptoms of the disease, preventing its widespread spread to other areas.
Drug treatment is the basis, since it helps fight the disease from the inside, setting the body up to independently fight the disease, activating its own strength.
Only a doctor can determine which pills to take for bursitis Most often, drug therapy involves the use of drugs such as Sedalgin, Analgin, Baralgetabs, No-Shpa, which relieve pain. Often these drugs are combined with antibiotics.
Treatment of bursitis with tablets does not guarantee complete recovery. To achieve maximum results, it is rational to use them in combination with other methods of therapy.
When timely treatment has not been carried out, treatment of bursitis with antibiotics is prescribed. These drugs have a detrimental effect on pathogenic microflora, destroying pathogenic bacteria, thus helping the body overcome the disease.
Ointments are very effective in relieving swelling and eliminating external pain, having a resolving effect.
Ointments for the treatment of bursitis are based on a component that can relieve pain and also dissolve compaction of synovial fluid.
Treatment of bursitis with ichthyol ointment is most effective at the first manifestations of the disease, when the synovial fluid can independently exit through the skin. This ointment perfectly relieves swelling, normalizes blood flow, and also fights pathogenic microorganisms.
An ointment for resolving fluid for bursitis helps to completely eliminate the disease in the early stages, eliminating the possibility of complications. The most commonly used: Sinoflan, Diclofenac, Fastum-gel.
When swelling appears, the question arises, what to apply to swelling with bursitis? Only a doctor can choose the right remedy to help remove swelling, ensuring lymph outflow and normalizing blood flow.
To relieve pain in the most problematic areas, ointments based on bee venom are widely used.
From the above, it becomes clear how to treat and what causes the disease bursitis; early diagnosis and proper treatment will help to quickly and without complications overcome the disease.
Bursitis is an acute, subacute or chronic inflammation of the synovial bursa, which is accompanied by abundant formation and accumulation of exudate (inflammatory fluid) in its cavity. Acute bursitis usually occurs due to injury, while chronic bursitis usually occurs due to constant mechanical irritation. Clinically, bursitis is manifested by a rise in body temperature, malaise, pain, swelling and redness in the area of the affected synovial bursa, and moderate limitation of movements in the joint. The basis of diagnosis is examination of the affected area, puncture and bacteriological examination of the punctate, MRI and radiography of the joint. Treatment includes resting the affected limb, ice packs, pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs. Chronic bursitis is often an indication for surgical treatment.
Bursitis is an acute, subacute or chronic inflammatory process in the synovial bursa. The disease is accompanied by an enlargement of the bursa due to the accumulation of exudate in it. The cause of development may be acute injury, constant mechanical irritation, or salt deposition in some rheumatoid diseases. About 85% of all cases of bursitis occur in men. The first place in prevalence is occupied by elbow bursitis.
The synovial bursa is a slit-like cavity lined with a membrane and containing a small amount of synovial fluid. The bags are located near the protruding areas of the bones and perform a shock-absorbing function, protecting soft tissues (muscles, tendons, skin and fascia) from excessive friction or pressure.
The following types of synovial bursae are distinguished: axillary (located under the muscles), subfascial (located under the fascia), subtendinous (lying under the tendons) and subcutaneous (located on the convex surface of the joints, directly in the subcutaneous tissue).
In traumatology and surgery, there are several classifications of bursitis:
In addition, in clinical practice, aseptic (uninfected) and infected bursitis are often distinguished.
Acute infected bursitis usually develops as a result of a minor injury (minor wound, hematoma, abrasion) or purulent inflammation (bedsore, osteomyelitis, carbuncle, boil, erysipelas). In the area of damage, pyogenic microbes multiply, which are then transported through the lymphatic tract to the area of the bag, infecting its contents.
It is also possible to transmit the infection through blood or direct entry of microbes into the cavity of the bag when soft tissue is damaged. Most often, direct infection occurs from cuts and abrasions in the elbow area (for example, as a result of falling from a bicycle). The cause of the development of infected bursitis in this case is usually Staphylococcus epidermidis or Staphylococcus aureus.
The likelihood of bursitis arising from direct contact with microorganisms increases with decreased immunity, alcoholism, diabetes, steroid use, and certain kidney diseases. In addition, the development of bursitis can be caused by certain diseases (scleroderma, gout, rheumatoid arthritis). In this case, bursitis occurs due to the deposition of salts in the synovial bursa.
Chronic bursitis occurs due to constant, long-term mechanical irritation of the corresponding area. Usually its occurrence is due to the characteristics of professional or sports activities. For example, miners are more likely to have bursitis of the elbow joint, housewives and housekeepers are more likely to have bursitis of the knee joint, etc.
In acute bursitis, a painful, limited, elastic swelling of a round shape forms in the area of the bursa. There is redness of the skin and slight swelling of the soft tissues. The patient experiences pain in the affected area. Sometimes the patient complains of malaise and fever. Upon palpation, fluctuation is determined, confirming the presence of fluid. Movement in the joint is moderately limited.
With further development of the inflammatory process, swelling and hyperemia intensify, significant hyperthermia (up to 39-40°C) and severe pain are observed. In severe cases, purulent damage to soft tissues with the development of phlegmon is possible. As a result of treatment, acute bursitis disappears. Sometimes recovery cannot be achieved, and acute bursitis becomes subacute and then chronic.
With chronic bursitis, a soft, limited, rounded swelling is detected in the area of the bursa. There is no redness, swelling of the surrounding tissues or pain on palpation. Movements in the joint are fully preserved. With secondary chronic bursitis, a recurrent course is possible. In this case, isolated areas of destroyed tissue remain in the cavity of the bag, which, with a decrease in immunity or minor trauma, can become fertile ground for the re-development of the inflammatory process.
The diagnosis is made based on the clinical picture. To clarify the nature of the inflammatory fluid and determine the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics, a puncture is performed. During the diagnostic process, it is necessary to exclude specific infections (spirochetes, gonococci, etc.), therefore, if the specific nature of the disease is suspected, bacteriological studies and serological tests are performed.
Differential diagnosis with arthritis is carried out on the basis of clinical signs: with bursitis, unlike arthritis, the range of motion in the joint is slightly reduced or preserved. X-ray diagnostics and MRI of joints are an auxiliary diagnostic method for superficial bursitis and acquire greater practical importance in recognizing deep bursitis, which is less accessible to direct clinical examination.
For acute aseptic bursitis, rest the limbs, prescribe ice compresses, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. In some cases, a puncture of the bursa is performed to remove fluid and/or administer corticosteroids.
When an infection occurs, antibiotic therapy is carried out; if necessary, repeated removal of the inflammatory fluid or drainage is performed with washing of the bursa cavity with solutions of antibiotics and antiseptics. In severe cases, surgical excision of the bursa is sometimes required. Subsequent treatment is carried out as usual for purulent wounds; healing may take a long period of time.
Treatment of chronic aseptic bursitis depends on the location. In many cases, the most reliable way to get rid of bursitis permanently is surgery - excision of the bursa. Removal of an uninfected bursa is carried out routinely, in a clean operating room. The wound heals by primary intention within 10 days. Relapses of bursitis when using this treatment method are observed in 2-2.5% of patients.
Purulent bursitis can be complicated by fistulas, osteomyelitis, arthritis or sepsis.
As mentioned above, the most common type of bursitis is bursitis of the elbow joint, more precisely, the ulnar subcutaneous bursa located in the area of the olecranon.
Acute elbow bursitis develops as a result of injury, infection or metabolic disorders. The cause of the development of acute and chronic bursitis can be the characteristics of work or sports activity (in addition to miners, this disease sometimes affects people who are forced to constantly lean their elbows on the table while working, as well as wrestlers - due to pressure and friction of the elbows on the carpet).
Initially, a slight swelling occurs in the area of the olecranon, which often goes unnoticed. With acute bursitis, the swelling increases, the skin over it turns red, and movements in the joint become painful. A local increase in temperature is possible. Upon palpation, an elastic, fluctuating formation is determined. With further development of the infection, weakness and symptoms of general intoxication appear.
Surgeons treat acute bursitis. Therapy includes standard methods used for all types of bursitis: rest, compresses, anti-inflammatory and painkillers, sometimes punctures and corticosteroids. For purulent bursitis, antibiotics are prescribed, fluid is removed through a small incision, followed by washing and draining the cavity. In advanced cases, surgical intervention is performed - opening with subsequent drainage.
With chronic bursitis, the swelling also continues to increase, however, in this case, neither redness nor increased temperature is observed. The only unpleasant symptoms may be a feeling of awkwardness in the elbow area and pain when bending due to the tension of the bursa.
If left untreated, the bursa can grow to a significant size and significantly limit joint mobility. When performing any work, the patient is forced to take breaks due to pain during movements. The swelling can be either elastic and tense, or flabby and soft. Sometimes palpation reveals compactions of cartilage density and scar cords.
Chronic aseptic bursitis is managed by traumatologists and orthopedists. Puncture of the bursa is not indicated in this case, since after removal the fluid usually accumulates again. Surgery is recommended. Surgery is performed in a hospital setting. The bag is peeled off from the skin and bone, and then removed, the wound is drained, and a tight bandage is applied to the joint area. The graduate is removed on the 2nd or 3rd day, the stitches are usually removed 10 days after surgery.
It should be remembered that with elbow bursitis there is a fairly high risk of secondary infection. In addition, with long-standing chronic bursitis, scar changes occur in the bursa and around it, which makes surgical intervention difficult. Therefore, you need to consult a doctor early, without waiting for complications.
Most often, the subcutaneous bursa, located on the anterior surface of the joint (the first place in prevalence), and the infrapatellar bursa, located under the kneecap and large tendon, are affected. Prepatellar bursitis is an inflammation of the subcutaneous bursa located on the front surface of the knee. It ranks first in prevalence among knee bursitis.
The disease usually occurs after an injury (fall on the kneecap, bruise or blow) or after prolonged kneeling, usually due to professional activity (roofer's knee, housewife's knee). In addition, the development of bursitis can be caused by salt deposition due to pseudogout, gouty arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.
Swelling, redness of the skin, and discomfort in the knee area occur. The pain is usually less severe than with arthritis, movements are slightly limited or preserved in full. There may be some stiffness when walking. When the fluid in the bursa cavity becomes infected, the pain increases, the range of motion decreases, there is an increase in regional lymph nodes and an increase in body temperature. Treatment is the same as for other types of bursitis.
Infrapatellar bursitis develops as a result of inflammation of the infrapatellar bursa located under the large tendon, which, in turn, lies under the kneecap. Bursitis is usually caused by a jumping injury (jumper's knee). Treatment includes resting the affected limb, applying ice packs, and taking pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications.
Anserine bursitis is an inflammation of the anserine bursa located along the posteroinner surface of the knee joint. It develops more often in overweight women. Accompanied by pain that intensifies when going up and down the stairs.
Conservative treatment is standard and is carried out by surgeons. For chronic aseptic bursitis of the bursa anserine, which is also called Becker's cyst, surgical intervention is recommended - excision of the bursa. The operation is performed by traumatologists or orthopedists in a hospital setting. As in the case of elbow bursitis, a rubber graduate is placed in the postoperative wound for 1-2 days. The sutures are removed on the tenth day.
Most often, inflammation of the bursae not associated with the cavity of the shoulder joint is observed - subacromial, subdeltoid and subcutaneous acromial. Pain occurs, which intensifies when the limb is abducted. The pain syndrome is especially pronounced with bursitis of the subdeltoid bursa.
The area of the shoulder joint increases slightly in volume, the contours of the muscles are smoothed out. When the subdeltoid bursa is affected, the deltoid muscle appears enlarged, and in some cases swelling appears along the outer surface of the joint.
The most commonly affected areas are the iliopectineal bursa and the deep and superficial bursae of the greater trochanter. These types of bursitis are characterized by a severe course.
Acute bursitis is accompanied by a significant increase in temperature and severe pain, which sharply intensifies with rotation, extension and abduction of the hip. A forced position of the limb is observed: the thigh is abducted, bent and slightly rotated outward. A painful swelling is detected above the inguinal ligament along the anterior inner surface of the thigh.
In some cases, bursitis of the hip joint must be differentiated from purulent arthritis. Unlike arthritis, bursitis is characterized by the presence of local swelling and the absence of pain with axial load on the limb, adduction and flexion of the hip.
Most often in this area, bursitis occurs in the subcutaneous heel bursa, located between the Achilles tendon and the heel tubercle. The cause of the appearance is injury (for example, rubbing shoes) or transmission of infection through the lymphatic or blood vessels. Sometimes in cases of achillobursitis it is necessary to carry out a differential diagnosis with the inflammatory process caused by tissue trauma by the heel spur.
Miners and people in other professions associated with an increased risk of developing bursitis should, if possible, protect the bursae from constant trauma (for example, using protective bandages). To prevent the development of acute bursitis, it is necessary to carefully treat wounds in the joint area and treat pustular diseases correctly and promptly.
Joint bursitis is an inflammatory disease affecting the synovial bursa. The main symptom is that large quantities of exudate (liquid) accumulate in the cavity of the bursa (joint capsule), which limits the mobility of the joint and can provoke processes of its destruction.
In ICD-10, bursitis is assigned a code - M-70, which has several subsections depending on the location of the inflammatory process.
Symptoms of knee bursitis vary depending on the specific location of the inflammation, as well as the nature of the exudate formed.
Bursitis of the knee joint
If the form is serous, slight swelling and tissue hyperemia will be observed. On palpation, the formation feels elastic. During examination, the patient notes moderate pain. The main cause of complaints is stiffness of movement, malaise, and decreased performance.
If it is purulent bursitis, then pain and increased temperature at the site of development will be high. When palpated, the formation will be dense and hot. In advanced cases, palpation may also reveal deposited salts.
Treatment consists primarily of emptying the cavity of the synodal bursa from excess fluid. If an infection is suspected, antibiotics are injected into the cavity. Anti-inflammatory drugs, compresses, and ointments are prescribed that relieve swelling, help normalize blood flow in the tissues and reduce inflammation and pain.
Bursitis of the knee joint is divided into several types:
A meniscus cyst can be mistaken for a manifestation of bursitis. It also develops in connection with trauma and increased stress. The signs that a cyst manifests itself are tumor-like compactions on the outer surface of the knee joint.
If treatment is not timely, the cyst can grow and deform adjacent tissues. At the initial stages, the cyst is treated conservatively with injections, but if the results are not satisfactory, knee surgery is prescribed to remove the formation and the tissues modified under its influence.
The elbow joint is quite often susceptible to inflammatory processes, as it is actively involved in sports, outdoor games and physical activity in everyday activities. Articular bursae can become inflamed due to inadequate load, or if an injury occurs.
Symptoms indicating elbow bursitis:
Treatment consists primarily of immobilizing the limb - from a splint to a plaster cast. Acute bursitis is characterized by acute pain. Increased body temperature and intoxication. Purulent bursitis of the elbow joint develops under the influence of viruses and pathogenic bacteria. There is swelling. The patient complains of “bloating” in the elbow.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed to suppress the infection. If there is exudate, pump out with a syringe and rinse the cavity. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are indicated. The patient is prescribed immunostimulating drugs and vitamin complexes.
If no signs of relief are found, then surgery to drain the joint capsule is prescribed. The fluid is pumped out, the damaged bursa is removed, which will subsequently be restored during rehabilitation.
Typical for people involved in sports or high physical stress on the shoulder joint. It occurs more often in men.
Symptoms of shoulder bursitis include redness and swelling. Pain may be felt with sudden movements of the hand. There is a feeling of limited movement.
Treatment is prescribed with anti-inflammatory and painkillers. A splint is often practiced to relieve stress on the shoulder.
There are several types of the disease:
With all manifestations, the main signs are pain and redness of the shoulder. This alone should be the reason for a visit to the doctor, since only an examination will indicate a specific reason.
The ankle joint suffers more from injury in men. Its damage in women is more associated with wearing uncomfortable and tight shoes.
Symptoms of bursitis on the ankle are swelling, redness, pain when moving, “bumps” and painful calluses may form.
Treatment is selected by the doctor based on the etiology of the disease and severity. Wearing splints, antibiotics, if necessary, cleaning the joint capsule or excision of the bursa. Medicines, injections, and physiotherapy are prescribed.
Bursitis of the foot often affects overweight people, since when walking, the joint is subject to regular excess load.
Bursitis of the metatarsal bone of the foot is felt by pain in the area of the sole and around the bone head. The foot may change in appearance and become swollen. Painful calluses form. Walking becomes very uncomfortable.
The hip joints bear almost the majority of our body weight. Nearby there are a large number of attached muscles that are actively exposed to stress.
Symptoms are expressed in sharp, even burning pain when rotating the hip inward, squatting, or lying on the side. Felt on the front, outer surface of the thigh. At the moment of extension they intensify.
Treatment includes not only relief of inflammation and pain, but also physical therapy. Immobilization is indicated in acute forms or with the development of post-traumatic bursitis.
Trochanteric bursitis is the most common disease characteristic of women who are professionally involved in sports. A wide pelvis compared to a man's pelvis increases friction between the tendons. Long distance running increases the risk of developing the disease. An iliopectineal type of bursitis may also occur.
Symptoms of inflammation of the ischial bursa (between the gluteus maximus muscle and the base of the pelvic bone):
It is more common among cyclists and those who have been forced to sit on a hard surface for a long time.
The bursa of the wrist joint becomes inflamed.
Symptoms: severe swelling in the wrist; sharp pain extending to the shoulder; hand movements are limited; inflammation of the skin and local increase in temperature in the area of inflammation. Lymph nodes enlarge.
Treatment. The acute form is treated surgically by excising the bursa. First of all, the joint is fixed using a pressure bandage or splint. Nonsteroidal drugs and antibiotics are administered. They use Hydrocortisone or Kenalog - hormonal drugs that help relieve inflammation. Use ointments and gels.
Treatment for inflammation of the Achilles tendon involves the use of ointments and physical therapy. The goal is to relieve inflammation and correct the position of the foot so that the load is distributed evenly. In advanced cases, surgical intervention may be required.
Achilles bursitis indicates ensuring limb rest; the patient needs to wear special heel pads that will relieve the shock absorption load when walking.
Bursitis of the medial bursa - inflammation is localized between the capsule and tendon of the knee, next to the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle.
Often occurs in athletes after injuries and as a result of constant intense exercise. It can be felt in the upper part of the popliteal fossa.
Inflammation of the bursa, or bursitis, develops as a consequence of bruise, injury, or infection of the body. The second factor is excess load on the joint. Bursitis of unknown etiology is also diagnosed when there are no apparent reasons for its occurrence.
Video on what causes bursitis:
Bursitis of the ankle and hip joint is rarely detected. Most often, the joints of the knees, elbows and shoulders suffer from the disease - since human activity mainly places the load on them.
Inflammation of the bursa can be caused by an injury with an abrasion, a wound, or even an uncomfortable shoe last. A very important factor is that exposure should be regular. In this case, the risk of developing bursitis becomes maximum. Mechanical damage also contributes - dislocations, subluxations and fractures. Autoimmune diseases. Disturbance of metabolic processes.
In case of inflammation of the joint capsule, treatment will be carried out comprehensively in order not only to remove the symptoms of the disease, but also to prevent relapse. For this purpose the following can be used:
Courses of treatment can vary from 10 days to a month, depending on the stage of development of the disease and aggravating symptoms.
When visiting a doctor about inflammation of the joint capsule, be prepared to take pills for bursitis. This is not the doctor's whim. The fact is that a painful process for the patient is associated with a whole complex of factors that should be eliminated:
Prescribed Dimexide for bursitis is used together with novocaine in the form of a warm compress. The drug can also be diluted with water. The purpose of the antiseptic is to rid the joint capsule of the accumulation of purulent exudate. It is sometimes used to promote better penetration of other drugs.
Dimexide is used for 10 days. Moreover, the maximum time for compresses is 40 minutes. In case of discomfort, the bandage is removed earlier to avoid burns.
Other compresses are also used for bursitis. A saline solution in the form of a compress acts on the principle of osmotic pressure and draws fluid from the joint. A compress of cabbage leaves and honey acts as an anti-inflammatory and decongestant.
In case of acute manifestations of bursitis, cover the sore spot with ice for 10 minutes, after which the joint is warmed with a warm compress based on a decoction of burdock, yarrow, and St. John's wort.
Often people do not want or for some reason cannot see a doctor. When pain occurs, treatment of bursitis with folk remedies involves the use of alcoholic and non-alcoholic infusions, compresses and ointments based on honey, propolis, other bee products, aloe, St. John's wort, yarrow and horse chestnut.
The action of these remedies is based on the anti-inflammatory and decongestant properties of plants. Such practices involve long courses, since the concentration of active substances will be lower than in pharmacological preparations.
We must remember that traditional methods are effective for mild forms of the disease. Or from a prevention point of view. In acute forms of the disease, qualified medical care is required.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used as a base group for bursitis. For local effects, ointments with a high-quality penetrating effect are used. The indication is the absence of a large accumulation of fluid in the joint capsule and when the pain syndrome is moderate.
“Diclofenac”, “Voltaren”, “Indomethacin”, “Dolobene” - this is the set that the doctor can recommend in this case.
Also, for various forms of bursitis, the following drugs may be prescribed:
Vishnevsky ointment - increases blood flow to the affected joint. Therefore, its use in the acute stage is not recommended. The same applies to the warming “Finalgona” and “Fastum-gel”. If you do not follow the recommendations, the swelling can seriously increase.
Ointments based on Ketoprofen are recognized as the safest and most effective. The drugs have virtually no side effects and can be used for a long time.
For those who like self-medication, we remind you that only a doctor can determine the need for a drug and the daily need for use. By acting on your own, you risk harming the joint.
Which doctor should you contact if you find signs of bursitis? In practice, there are several specialists who can participate in solving such a problem:
For the primary diagnosis of the causes of the disease, any of them will perform a puncture of the joint capsule. The doctor will send the collected exudate for bacteriological examination. To determine whether the joints are damaged and whether pathological growths of bone tissue are present, the patient will be sent for an x-ray.
If infection is detected in the cavity of the joint capsule, then after punctures and removal of exudate, the cavity is washed with solutions of anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics. Calcium deposits are removed surgically.
These three specialists will help eliminate the symptoms of bursitis that bother the patient. For tissue restoration and a preventive course, you should contact a chiropractor. Gentle techniques are used here that will help prevent the situation from worsening in the early stages of the disease.
A physiotherapist prescribes procedures that help relieve the inflammatory process and have a resolving effect when fluid accumulates. Inductotherapy, UV irradiation, microwave therapy. The techniques are indicated for chronic bursitis. UHF, paraffin, electrophoresis with the introduction of novocaine, and ozokerite applications can also be prescribed.
Why does such a disease as bursitis occur and how can it be cured? This question is asked by many patients who have had to deal with this disease. Bursitis is a purulent inflammation that affects the bursa (periarticular synovial bursa).
The disease causes the formation and accumulation of synovial fluid, in a word, exudate. The bursa or capsule is located between the bones and tendons, which are subject to powerful pressure.
The joints most commonly affected by bursitis are the elbow, shoulder, knee and hip joints. Usually the disease lasts 1-2 weeks and does not pose a threat to the patient’s life. But secondary trauma can cause the development of chronic bursitis, the treatment of which is very difficult.
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In addition to the fact that the patient experiences persistent pain, he is also limited in movement, as the mobility of the joint is impaired. The risk group for bursitis includes athletes (skiers, golfers, tennis players), and people whose profession involves heavy physical labor (builders, miners, loaders).
Typically, manifestations of bursitis occur after a sprain or other injury; sometimes the cause of the disease can be infection or intoxication, metabolic disorders, an allergic reaction, or autoimmune processes. The disease can appear as a complication of the flu, but often its manifestations occur for no apparent reason.
The impetus for the development of inflammation of the periarticular capsule or bursa can be various types of rotten microbes. Repeated trauma creates very favorable conditions for their development. For this reason, some forms of bursitis are classified as occupational diseases.
From a purulent focus that appears next to the synovial bursa (carbuncle, furuncle, osteomyelitis), putative microbes penetrate into the synovial bursa through the lymphatic ducts or through minor damage to the skin. Regular mechanical damage causes accumulations of serous or purulent exudate.
As a result, the bag stretches significantly and turns into a huge tumor. Often, diarthrosis damage is the result of a large overload that has affected the joint for a long time. Similar repetitive physical stress may be the golf swing.
Signs of bursitis can also occur due to injury to the synovial bursa or adjacent tendons.
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The disease is ironically called “maid’s knee” because it is often provoked by prolonged kneeling while mopping or cleaning. Bursitis can also be caused by arthritis or gout.
The symptoms of this disease are primarily:
The patient's range of motion becomes sharply limited. Even minor physical activity involving the affected joint causes excruciating pain.
Bursitis, depending on its course, can be acute (occurs suddenly and progresses quickly) and chronic (stays with the patient for a long time).
Symptoms of acute bursitis are, of course, severe pain, which becomes unbearable when moving. Pain always occurs at the site of localization of the inflammatory process. For example, with shoulder bursitis, it is very difficult for a patient to move his arm behind his head while combing or dressing.
Often pain in the inflamed joint radiates to the neck or lower arm. The pain is worse at night. Because of which the patient may not sleep a wink.
Chronic bursitis is characterized by less intense pain, but its duration is longer. The tissue that grows around the diseased joint over time binds the bones and deprives the joint of mobility.
Only a doctor can know how to treat bursitis. First of all, treatment of bursitis depends on:
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If a patient is diagnosed with acute bursitis, treatment should be conservative. This condition requires joint immobility and complete rest. To do this, the joint is immobilized (immobilized) using a special splint.
Note! Symptoms of acute pain often go away on their own. But if the pain becomes too painful, it can be reduced with aspirin. If this drug does not bring relief to the patient, more effective anti-inflammatory and painkillers can be used.
Sometimes hydrocortisone or novocaine is injected into the affected joint capsule. To ensure resorption of exudate, dry heat, physiotherapy methods, and compresses using Vishnevsky ointment are used.
Bursitis caused by trauma is treated surgically. This development of the disease often involves the removal of calcium salt deposits, since the growths can be large and cause discomfort when moving.
Calcium salts are removed by needle suction or surgery.
Treatment of non-infectious bursitis requires temporary immobilization of the joint. The affected limb should be in a slightly elevated position. Ice should be applied to the affected diarthrosis. For internal use, large doses of indomethacin, naproxen, and ibuprofen are prescribed.
If bursitis occurs for a long time, the exudate is suctioned from the synovial bursa, followed by the administration of 0.5–2 ml of triamcinolone or 5–40 mg of methylprednisolone. But this is only possible if an infectious cause of the disease is absolutely excluded.
Physiotherapeutic treatment of bursitis consists of phonophoresis with hydrocortisone and paraffin baths.
For infectious acute bursitis, multiple punctures (drainage of the bursa) are used. In addition, antimicrobial treatment is prescribed, which consists of taking cephalothin, clindamycin, and oxacillin.
Acute bursitis of the elbow or knee joint must be treated in a complex manner. Here's what you need to do:
To combat chronic bursitis, indomethacin, naproxen or ibuprofen are prescribed. The complex of therapeutic measures must include gymnastics. In addition, treatment of elbow bursitis with folk remedies is allowed.
In calcific chronic bursitis, calcifications (areas in which calcium salts accumulate) are removed surgically. If relapses occur too often, the joint capsule is removed.
Traditional medicine also does not stand aside when it comes to bursitis. The most popular way to combat the disease is compresses. For example, a table salt compress, for the preparation of which a highly concentrated solution of salt and water is prepared. Ratio: 1 tbsp. spoon of salt per 500 ml of boiling water.
After such a compress, pathological fluid accumulates under the skin, which then comes out. To carry out this procedure, you need to take a piece of flannel or woolen fabric and soak it in the prepared salt solution.
The fabric should be applied to the sore area of the body and wrapped tightly with cling film. Next, the limb should be wrapped.
It is recommended to keep such a salt compress for 5-8 hours and it should be noted that salt compresses on joints are quite effective.
Cabbage leaves, or more precisely, compresses made from them, have an excellent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Preparing such an application is very simple: you need to take a clean cabbage leaf, remove all the rough veins from it with a knife and lightly beat it with a wooden mallet until the juice appears.
The inflamed area is smeared with honey and a cabbage leaf is placed on it. Next, wrap it in cling film and carefully insulate it.
Honey is considered a skillful natural healer. This product has excellent antiseptic properties and is endowed with a penetrating effect.
Coniferous and herbal baths have proven themselves well in the treatment of bursitis, as well as an ointment prepared from 2 parts liquid honey, 1 part aloe leaf juice and 3 parts ethyl alcohol.
To quickly resolve exudate, relieve inflammation and eliminate discomfort from bursitis, physiotherapeutic treatment methods are used:
With purulent bursitis, surgical intervention is required - the abscess of the joint capsule is opened and the pus is removed from it. After this, wound sanitation is necessary, which consists of removing dead tissue. After such an operation there is a long period of rehabilitation
To prevent bursitis, you should not perform activities that cause discomfort or pain in the joint. Ligaments and muscles should always be in good shape. This is facilitated by daily exercise.
If damage is sustained in the area of the synovial bursa, it is imperative to thoroughly treat the wound using hydrogen peroxide and apply a bactericidal bandage to the damaged area.
Joints are complex skeletal compounds consisting of a cavity, bony epiphyses, articular cartilage, capsule, synovial membranes, and fluid. Sometimes inflammation occurs in the synovial and other mucous bursae - bursitis. The disease appears in the upper and lower extremities. Patients are most often concerned about their legs in the area of the knees, hip joints, and synovial bursae at the ankle. Treatment for bursitis depends on the specific type of disease and location.
The inflammatory disease of the mucous bursae does not go unnoticed and brings discomfort and dissatisfaction to the patient. Bursitis of the joint (knee, hip, toes) occurs more often. According to the International Classification of Diseases, bursitis has an ICD 10 code: M70-M71. Possible types of disorders of soft tissues and other parts are described here.
Often the body makes it clear from the symptoms that it is worth seeing a doctor. Patients are rarely aware of the signals, believing that it is just fatigue. Signs of bursitis will allow you to consult a doctor as soon as possible, a medical professional - to set the correct ICD 10 code. Symptoms should prompt you to consult a specialist:
Inflammation of the knee joint
Depending on the problem, the type of appearance, the symptoms are combined and partially manifested. In any case, pain, swelling, swelling should suggest inflammation of the synovial bursae. The doctor will prescribe an x-ray, ultrasound, question you about complaints, clarify disturbing symptoms, and make a diagnosis based on the results of the examination.
The best cure for the disease is prevention of bursitis. Doctors highlight rules to help avoid primary and recurrent inflammation:
Basic prevention of bursitis will protect the joints of the legs. The doctor’s mission is to help, not to cut out what causes discomfort. Surgical excision is prescribed in emergency cases when other methods cannot help. No one will be forced to go under the knife to a surgeon. You decide which treatment to use.
The disease is divided according to the type of development:
Obvious bursitis of the legs
The first type appears as a result of repeated injury to the joint, and even occurs on a child’s leg. Chronic bursitis is a consequence of a relapse of the acute type. The causative agent is considered to be a chronic infection; joint trauma is considered last. During the period of exacerbation, the disease lasts up to several weeks and recurs. Treatment involves fighting the cause of the disease; in extreme cases, removal of the bursa may be prescribed.
Acute bursitis occurs due to acute infection. The disease can develop due to excessive strain and traumatic movements. First, you will feel the pain that the infected joint transmits to the brain, problems will appear in the movement of the sore spot, up to restriction of movement. Treatment often involves prescribing anti-inflammatory drugs, rest, and immobilization of the leg. This applies to cases where the cause was not an infection with pyogenic microbes, for example, Staphylococcus aureus.
It would take a long time to describe the types of bursitis. It can occur in adults and children. The inflammatory process may or may not have a reason at all. Sometimes bursitis occurs for no reason, then doctors try to cure the inflammation with medication. The most well-known types of inflammatory disease:
Pain from bursitis
The latter is more often called pes anserine bursitis. Swelling and tenderness extends to the connection of the collateral ligament with three different muscles. The patient develops hyperthermia, a balloon symptom. Due to the inflammatory process, effusion is formed. The causes are damage to the collateral ligament and detachment of the meniscocapsular junction.
It is important to adjust your diet if you have bursitis. A proper diet is important, improving your well-being and allowing you to saturate your body with healthy vitamins. The diet should contain vitamins and microelements:
Vitamins for restoring the body
Each of the substances affects the body. As a result, you will receive restoration of connective tissue, balanced nutrition, and prevention of inflammatory processes. The vitamin complex is important in autumn and spring. Don't forget about foods that are healthy for your diet:
The diet is often combined with compresses. You can make healthy compresses from fresh juice. Be sure to go to a sanatorium if possible. During treatment, a special diet has been thought out, which will remain to be remembered and followed in everyday life. The nutritional system is thought out based on the diagnosis made by the doctor. A doctor will examine you at the sanatorium to confirm the diagnosis and give recommendations for procedures. Procedures with leeches are often prescribed.
Treatment involves the use of compresses. You can make them for yourself or your child - they are harmless. The most famous, popular, useful:
Not always, in extreme cases, the doctor will prescribe the removal of bursitis - opening the abscess to remove the pus. Surgery is often prescribed for knee bursitis when nothing helps and antibiotics do not work. Surgery on the hip joint is called bursectomy. The synovial bursa is removed. There is no need to be afraid of surgical intervention; the operation has no complications and is often performed on an outpatient basis.
Surgical intervention is also prescribed for chronic disease. The type of operation is chosen by the doctor. No questions arise when removing bunion of the big toe, which does not go away with classical treatment. The operation takes place in the following mode:
Bursectomy of the knee joint
Many people are interested in whether they will be given a sick leave after the operation, whether it is needed, and how long the procedure lasts. The process of removing bursitis takes different times depending on the complexity of the situation; it can take half an hour or last 1.5-2 hours. Afterwards, you will be issued a sick leave certificate for 1-2 days, depending on how long you will be in the hospital. Once you recover from the anesthesia, you will be able to go home. The main thing is to carry out postoperative foot care.
Removing the inflammatory process begins with drug intervention. Thanks to it, in most cases, bursitis goes away. Experts often give recommendations regarding compresses and diet. The best medications are considered:
Treatment of tendinitis and bursitis involves the use of painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs. You can't do without additional help. For example, it is important to do gymnastics and follow the doctor’s recommendations. Try to go for rehabilitation to a sanatorium-resort organization. Combine treatment and rest.
Many people know about leech treatment. This is valuable for joint diseases. Bursitis is no exception - hirudotherapy with leeches has a place in modern medicine. The cost for the event is high, but the result will please you, it’s worth a try.
Hirudotherapy involves the use of medicinal leeches. The consequences of suction are significant and noticeable. Among them are:
Hirudotherapy has many advantages. This medical approach has no contraindications and affects overall well-being. No matter how disgusting treatment with leeches may be, it can work to your advantage. Bursitis goes away gradually, which makes it possible to avoid surgery.
Exercises for bursitis are important. They can be done in a group, at home. Gymnastics is selected individually. The doctor looks at the specific form and complexity of the disease. Exercise therapy is aimed at restoring joint function and stretching the muscles around the inflamed synovial bursa.
Gymnastics for the lower extremities includes exercises:
So, what is bursitis disease? This is an inflammatory process in the periarticular bursa, which is often accompanied by the accumulation of unwanted fluid (exudate). The disease can have its origins in infections and all kinds of injuries. In the elbow or knee joints, the disease can be a consequence of professional characteristics. It often affects miners, equipment repairmen, as well as athletes, for example, golfers or tennis players.
Bursitis in athletes
Based on which joint (or group of joints) was damaged, the following types of bursitis are distinguished:
This ailment refers to fairly specific problems with the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, those who constantly subject their joints to heavy loads are at risk.
The disease is provoked by mechanical damage or tissue infection. When infected, bursitis can be caused by:
In addition, inflammation in the joint area can be caused by boils, carbuncles, etc. Bursitis often develops as a complication after viral diseases (sore throat or flu). There is a possibility of getting problems with joints and metabolic disorders. This leads to the deposition of salts in them. We must not forget about allergic reactions and possible intoxications in the body. For this reason, integral medicine offers cleansing of accumulated toxins and influencing the body’s self-cleansing system with various types of herbal medicine, physiotherapy, and relaxation.
All forms and types of the disease have their own characteristics:
Bursitis of the shoulder joint
Treatment of shoulder bursitis
Patients often have a question: which doctor treats bursitis? First of all, you need to contact a rheumatologist or orthopedist. As a last resort, see a surgeon. Treatment methods for bursitis are complex and individually prescribed using anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory components of therapy. This includes acupuncture, physiotherapy, and various types of massage.
The treatment aims to relieve swelling, inflammation, and restore the former mobility of the diseased joint. Surgical removal of bursitis can be indicated only in cases with complications or advanced forms of the disease.
If a patient receives such a diagnosis, then he does not need to despair. After all, the disease is treated by massage, which improves the circulation of blood and lymphatic fluid, which has a beneficial effect on the nutrition and blood flow of tissues in the area of the diseased joint. Acupuncture effectively combats pain and inflammation, and the use of physical therapy leads to the resorption of excess fluid that accumulates in the joint. It is mandatory to prescribe medications for the treatment of bursitis. The main course of treatment is sometimes supplemented with special physical therapy.
Sources: http://sustav.info/bolezni/bursitis/bursit-lechenie.html, http://otnogi.ru/bolezn/bursit/opisanie-bolezni-bursit-i-metodov-eyo-lecheniya.html, http: //osustave.ru/zabolivanie-bursit
We conducted an investigation, studied a bunch of materials, and most importantly, tested most of the remedies for joint pain. The verdict is:
All drugs gave only temporary results; as soon as the use was stopped, the pain immediately returned.
Remember! There is NOT ONE REMEDY that will help you heal your joints if you do not use complex treatment: diet, regimen, physical activity, etc.
Newfangled remedies for joints, which are replete with the entire Internet, also did not produce results. As it turned out, all this is a deception of marketers who earn huge money from the fact that you fall for their advertising.
The only drug that gave significant
the result is Artrodex
You may ask why everyone who suffers from joint pain doesn’t immediately get rid of it?
The answer is simple, Artrodex is not sold in pharmacies and is not advertised on the Internet. And if they advertise, then it’s a FAKE.
There is good news, we have contacted the manufacturers and will share with you a link to the official Artrodex website. By the way, manufacturers are not trying to profit from people with diseased joints; the promotional price is only 1 ruble .