Osteoarthrosis (novolate osteoarthrosis, from ancient Greek ?????? - bone, ?????? - joint; synonyms: deforming osteoarthritis ( DOA ), arthrosis , deforming arthrosis ) - degenerative-dystrophic disease joints, the cause of which is damage to the cartilage tissue of the articular surfaces. [1]
The term “osteoarthritis” unites a group of diseases of different etiologies, but with similar biological, morphological and clinical outcomes, in which the pathological process involves not only the articular cartilage, but the entire joint, including the subchondral bone, ligaments, capsule, synovium and periarticular muscles.
The main clinical symptoms of osteoarthritis are pain and joint deformation, leading to functional impairment.
The basis of degenerative dystrophic changes in arthrosis is primary damage to cartilage followed by an inflammatory reaction, which is why arthrosis is often called arthrosis-arthritis . Arthrosis is always associated with deformation of bone tissue, for which reason it is also called osteoarthritis or arthrosis deformans .
Terminological definitions - osteoarthritis, arthrosis, osteoarthritis, arthrosis deformans - are currently presented as synonyms in the X International Classification of Diseases. [2]
Most often, the term “osteoarthritis” is used to refer to a chronic progressive disease of synovial joints. [3]
There are localized (with damage to one joint) and generalized forms of osteoarthritis ( polyostearthrosis ). Some common types of osteoarthritis have received separate names. In particular, the term “gonarthro?z” (from the ancient Greek ???? - knee) is used to designate arthrosis of the knee joint, “coxarthro?z” (from Lat. coxa - hip) - to denote arthrosis of the hip joint.
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint damage and one of the main causes of disability, causing a deterioration in the quality of life and significant financial costs, especially in older people.
Osteoarthritis occurs everywhere. In the United States, 21 million people suffer from it (approximately 7% of the population). A large-scale study in 7 cities of the former USSR revealed manifest (accompanied by clinical symptoms) osteoarthritis in 6.43% of those examined (41,348 people over 15 years of age). [5]
Overall, the prevalence and incidence of osteoarthritis varies widely across the world. For example, the prevalence of osteoarthritis in Ukraine is 2515.7 per 100 thousand population, the incidence is 497.0 per 100 thousand population. As established by population studies, these rates are slightly lower than in the USA and significantly higher than in the UK. [3] [6]
The incidence of osteoarthritis increases sharply with age, reaching a third of the population in old age. Among patients with osteoarthritis, men predominate at a young age, and women predominate among older people. In the United States, osteoarthritis occurs in 2% of the population under 45 years of age, 30% of those aged 45–64 years, and 63–85% of those over 65 years of age. [7]
At the same time, in Sweden, manifest osteoarthritis of peripheral joints was found in only 5.8% of the population aged 50-70 years.
Most often, osteoarthritis affects the joints of the hand, the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot, the joints of the cervical and lumbar spine, knee and hip joints. However, in terms of severity of dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system, the first place is occupied by the hip, knee and ankle joints, as well as the shoulder joint. [8]
Osteoarthritis is the result of mechanical and biological factors that disrupt the formation of cells of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. It can be initiated by many factors, including genetic, developmental, metabolic and traumatic.
Osteoarthritis affects all tissues of synovial joints. The disease is manifested by morphological, biochemical, molecular and biomechanical changes in cells and matrix, which lead to softening, fiberization, ulceration and a decrease in the thickness of articular cartilage, as well as osteosclerosis with a sharp thickening and compaction of the cortical layer of the subchondral bone, the formation of osteophytes and the development of subchondral cysts. [3]
Clinically, osteoarthritis is manifested by arthralgia, pain and limitation of movements, recurrent synovitis, local inflammatory process in various tissues of the joint.
Osteoarthritis can be primary or secondary.
If the cause of the development of the disease has not been established, then such arthrosis is usually called primary, or idiopathic (from the ancient Greek ????? - peculiar, special, unusual and ????? - disease).
Secondary osteoarthritis has a clear cause: it develops after injury, with metabolic disorders, endocrine diseases, as the outcome of a degenerative-necrotic process (aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, osteochondritis dissecans (König's disease), Perthes disease), as an outcome of the inflammatory process (purulent inflammation of the joint , rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis with systemic lupus erythematosus, with tuberculosis).
Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial polyetiological disease. Three main reasons for the development of a degenerative-dystrophic process in the joint: trauma, dysplasia and inflammation.
Joint injury is the most common cause of arthrosis. In second place is joint dysplasia - congenital features that are accompanied by poor biomechanics of the joint.
Inflammation also quite often leads to damage to joint tissue and the development of secondary arthrosis. Most often this is the result of autoimmune diseases (for example, rheumatoid arthritis), less often - an infectious process (for example, acute purulent inflammation of the joint caused by staphylococcus or other specific infection (gonorrhea, syphilis, tick-borne encephalitis)).
Risk factors for primary osteoarthritis are: hereditary predisposition, excess body weight, old age, specific professions. In addition, the incidence of osteoarthritis varies by gender and race/ethnicity.
Genetic factors include: hereditary disorders and mutations of type II collagen, other hereditary diseases of bones and joints, congenital disorders of joint development (dysplasia). [3]
Non-genetic (non-inherited) multiple factors leave their mark on the development and progression of osteoarthritis, such as:
The following risk factors for osteoarthritis are environmental factors:
Regardless of the cause, there are 3 stages of arthrosis. [9] At the first or initial stage of arthrosis, there are no pronounced morphological disorders of the joint tissues. Changes relate only to the function of the synovial membrane, to the biochemical composition of the synovial fluid, which, due to diffusion, nourishes the cartilage and menisci of the joint. The joint loses its ability to withstand the load it is accustomed to, and overload of the joint is accompanied by inflammation and pain.
In the second stage of the disease, we see the beginning destruction of articular cartilage and menisci. The bone reacts to the load of the articular area with marginal growths - osteophytes.
The second stage inevitably turns into the third - the stage of severe arthrosis. Its signs are a pronounced bone deformation of the supporting platform of the joint, which changes the axis of the limb. Failure and shortening of the joint ligaments leads to pathological mobility of the joint or, in combination with the rigidity of the joint capsule, to a sharp limitation of natural movements - contractures. Chronic inflammation and chronic pain usually accompany stages 2 and 3.
In the initial stage of the disease, the muscles that carry out movements in the joint are weakened, but, in general, are not changed. In the second stage, there is a dysfunction of muscles due to a violation of reflex neurotrophic regulation. In the third stage of the disease, joint loading and motor activity are sharply disrupted; due to contractures and disruption of the limb axis, the amplitude of muscle contraction changes, and the normal attachment points of the muscle-tendon complex change. This is accompanied by shortening or stretching of the muscle, a decrease in the ability to fully contract. Trophic disorders in joint disease affect not only the muscles, but also all tissues of the limb.
The basis of this disease is a violation of the function and structure of joint cartilage. Articular cartilage is a highly specialized tissue consisting of a matrix and embedded chondrocytes. The matrix contains two main macromolecules, glycosamines (proteoglycans) and collagen. The high concentration of proteoglycans in cartilage keeps the collagen network under tension, thus helping to evenly distribute the load that is applied to the cartilage and ensuring that the shape is restored after the load is removed. With the loss of even small amounts of glycosamines, the resistance of the cartilage matrix to physical stress decreases, and the surface of the cartilage becomes susceptible to damage. In the earliest stages of arthrosis, the cartilage becomes thicker than normal, but as it progresses, it becomes thinner. The cartilage becomes soft and loose, and deep ulcers appear on it, usually only in the most loaded part of the joint.
Normally, under periodic loads, for example when walking, the cartilaginous plate is deformed and returns to its previous shape, performing the function of a kind of pump that ensures the expulsion of decay products and the “absorption” of nutrients and building material. Compression and restoration of shape under loading is the main condition for the regeneration of damaged cartilage tissue. However, excessive or prolonged loading of the joint adversely affects the function of articular cartilage and aggravates the course of arthrosis.
The cartilage and menisci of the joint are nourished only by synovial fluid. The “health” of the sliding and shock-absorbing structures of the joint depends on the quantity and quality of fluid secreted by the synovial membrane.
The synovial membrane performs the important function of filtering the building material of cartilage - hyaluronic acid; it prevents the latter from being washed out of the joint cavity. Violation of the biochemical composition of synovial fluid during injury or inflammation of the joint actually leads to the development of a disease called osteoarthritis.
The efficiency of synovial fluid circulation and diffusion is directly related to joint motion and joint loading. Movement in the joint is necessary for the metabolism of cartilage. In itself, prolonged restriction of movements in the joint leads to a deterioration in the nutrition of the cartilage.
With arthrosis, the balance between the formation of new building material for the restoration of cartilage and its destruction is disrupted. Cartilage changes from a strong, elastic structure to a dry, thin structure with a rough surface. The underlying bone becomes thicker and grows away from the cartilage, limiting movement and causing joint deformities. The joint capsule thickens, becomes fibrotic, and also becomes inflamed. The joint fills with inflammatory fluid, which stretches the capsule and ligaments of the joint. Pain, and subsequently deformation of the articular surfaces with arthrosis, leads to joint stiffness and joint contractures. Morning and starting pain, as well as stiffness in the joint in patients with deforming arthrosis, is actually due to the low elasticity of the cartilage and the need for starting movements to restore sufficient elasticity of the cartilage. This creates a feeling of pain and stiffness.
When inflamed, the joint assumes a resting or physiological position. This position ensures maximum straightening of the ligaments and joint capsule. In this position, pain in the joint is minimal. The state of the so-called muscular corset of the joint, that is, a system of muscles that not only carries out movement in the joint, but also stabilizes the joint, absorbing powerful inertial impulses during movement, has a great influence on the course of the pathological process. Thus, the vastus internus muscle as part of the quadriceps femoris protects the knee joint from lateral instability at the moment of landing on the heel when walking, and the gluteus medius muscle on the side of the supporting leg limits the tilt of the pelvis at the moment of transfer, which protects the hip joint from overload.
The outcome of arthrosis is complete destruction of the joint with the formation of ankylosis - complete immobility of the joint or neoarthrosis with unnatural mobility. This is accompanied by severe impairment of limb function. Recently, without waiting for the outcome of the disease, special operations to replace a joint with a prosthesis - joint endoprosthetics - are increasingly being used. The figure shows varus deformity of the knee, typical for the terminal stage of arthrosis of the knee joint, in combination with lateral pathological instability of the knee joint. Arthrosis of a trochlear or ball-and-socket joint, such as the hip, results in ankylosis. In this case, closure of the joint usually occurs in a non-physiological (vicious) position of the limb. In this case, we see the hip in a position of flexion and adduction, in which the leg is shortened, and the axis of the limb and the biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system are significantly disrupted.
If at the beginning of the disease pain occurs only periodically, after significant physical activity, and quickly goes away with rest, then as the disease progresses, the intensity of the pain increases, it does not disappear after rest and appears at night.
In evidence-based medicine, a number of standard tests have been developed to assess osteoarthritis. A ten-point visual analogue scale is used to assess joint pain and morning stiffness. The Lequesne index is widely used to characterize gonarthrosis and coxarthrosis. [10]
Very often you can hear from older generations of people complaints about very noticeable pain in the joint areas. As a result, many of us are unable to think about the serious consequences of this disease. About fifteen percent of such health complaints are the first signs of a terrible disease called osteoarthritis. What kind of disease is this, how it should be treated, how it can occur in the body as a whole. Let's look at all these issues together in more detail.
Detailed diagram of the development of osteoarthritis:
Cartilaginous areas in joints are considered to be some types of shock absorbers or pads that reduce the coefficient of friction between the bone part and promote the mobility of any part of the body. The cartilage parts in a healthy body look quite smooth in their structure. When the disease affects parts of the body, the cartilaginous structure tends to be radically disrupted. The surfaces of the cartilage are somewhat rough, without much evenness. In some situations, destruction may occur directly to the bone.
Based on laboratory studies by experienced specialists in the medical industry, it can be stated that about twenty percent of the population of the entire planet suffers from osteoarthritis. It should be noted that often, for the first time, a person begins to feel the full severity of this disease at the age of about forty-five years.
The older the patient, the greater the risk of developing osteoarthritis. Moreover, at an older age, treatment will be much more difficult, and the symptoms of the disease will be very pronounced. But it should not be fully stated that only older people suffer from this disease. Even young people are at high risk of developing osteoarthritis. The causes of osteoarthritis can be the patient’s high weight, poor lifestyle, or predisposition to this disease at the genetic level.
Symptoms of the disease will be as follows:
About one third of patients suffering from osteoarthritis say that their pain in the joints begins when there is a load on them and ends when the body rests. With such complaints, first of all, you need to pay special attention to the skin around the joints. If the skin is warm and some redness is visible on it, then this is probably not osteoarthritis. More accurate diagnosis assumptions can be made in a specialized medical clinic by experienced doctors who can easily distinguish osteoarthritis from other diseases. But if the pain in the joints intensifies after physical activity, then this is osteoarthritis.
We have already noted that osteoarthritis is a disease of a chronic nature, where articular cartilage and bone alignment change in a degenerative manner. Because of this, very severe pain occurs in the joints, the joints become stiff.
Experienced medical professionals believe that osteoarthritis is an immediate sign that a person is aging. But today even young people under the age of thirty can get this disease. The reasons for the spread of the disease can be very diverse.
Let's take a closer look at the causes of osteoarthritis:
Today, the most common joint disease in the human body is osteoarthritis. All this occurs due to wear or damage to cartilage tissue, which is caused by various types of inflammation and intoxication. Osteoarthritis can develop in the body for a very long time. The cartilage in the affected joint will deteriorate without special lubrication, bringing unbearable pain to its owner.
A very terrible and destructive disease for the body is osteoarthritis. Osteoarthrosis includes arthrosis of the hip joint, arthrosis of the spine, knee joints, elbow joints, and cervical spine. The symptoms of these diseases are identical to each other and have a number of specific elements.
The signs of osteoarthritis include the following:
The essence of the disease occurs as follows in the patient’s body. Each joint contains cartilage that helps the limbs move normally. These cartilages allow bones to work without any friction against each other. It can be said that cartilage can allow bones to slide where they touch. Over time, cartilage tends to lose some of the necessary fluid, which has served as a lubricant all this time. Without fluid, all cartilage is susceptible to cracking. After the cartilage has cracked and split, the bones begin their work by rubbing against each other. The result is a kind of growth, called in nature an osteophyte. This is a very painful feeling.
So, you should consider the list of symptoms that appear when you have osteoarthritis of the hip, spine, knee or elbow joint.
These symptoms will express the dependence of the progression of the disease in the human body as a whole. Symptoms of this disease:
Treatment of knee joints affected by osteoarthritis requires special care and a professional approach. The main forms of treatment are a complex of pain relief, a complex of reconstructive operations of cartilage, restoration of other affected parts of the joint, and improvement of the motor function of the knee. Simply put, if you start therapy in time to treat such an illness, you can manage to prevent the serious consequences of the disease. If you treat osteoarthritis of the knee joint of the first or second degree in time, you can not only prevent pathological disorders in the joint, but also take part in the restoration of damaged cartilage.
Osteoarthritis deformans is a disease in which the joints become inflamed in a non-chronic form. The basis of this pathology is premature aging and complex wear of the cartilaginous part. All this happens due to the decrease of the main components for cartilage, called proteoglycan. How can this manifest itself in reality? In real life, a patient with osteoarthritis experiences severe pain when moving. If it is arthrosis of the hip joint, the pain will go from top to bottom and significantly radiate to the knee joint. These pains will be especially felt while walking. To cure osteoartosis of the hip joint, you should first of all use an anti-inflammatory drug. It is also necessary to use drugs that can protect cartilage, called chondroprotectors. Physiotherapeutic procedures, such as electrophoresis and procedures using current, can also reduce pain.
If the patient is treated with medication, then this procedure will include several stages:
In the outpatient treatment of osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint, modern drugs are used: medications that can improve the blood supply to the affected areas of the shoulder joint, a chondroprotector, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a general muscle relaxant. In the treatment of shoulder osteoarthritis, physical therapy and physiotherapy play a very significant role. After all, nothing can compare with a healing massage of the shoulder joint, laser therapy, and cryotherapy.
Unfortunately, in medical practice there are cases when drug treatment has not produced any results and the patient’s condition worsens. Then surgery occurs. There are situations when a person seeks help from a specialized medical institution very late. Then the disease also has to be treated surgically.
In the case of surgical treatment of osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint, the patient is given a prosthesis instead of the removed joint. Surgical interventions of this level can be partial or complete. In a partial form, only some of the worn parts of the joint are replaced. Complete surgery involves replacing the entire shoulder joint.
Due to its specific nature, osteoarthritis can be cured with folk remedies. After all, for a long time our great-grandfathers made full use of natural resources to treat various ailments.
With osteoarthritis, tumors often occur in the area of diseased joints. This disease is well healed by compresses, which are prepared on the basis of mustard additives, vegetable oils and honey. The components are mixed in equal proportions, then brought to a boil by gently stirring them. Next, carefully strain the prepared decoction and apply it to the sore joints. It is recommended to keep such compresses for about two hours.
It should be noted that the painful effect can be relieved by rubbing with a special preparation. Its components include turpentine and castor oil. The proportions should be about 2 to 1. This rub should be rubbed into the sore joint once a month.
Osteoarthritis of the fingers can be treated in two ways – surgical and medicinal. It should immediately be noted that operations are performed only in the most extraordinary cases. For example, if medications failed to help the patient and the pain undoubtedly increases every day. Then an operation is needed.
First of all, treatment of osteoarthritis in the fingers should begin with the use of medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs that restore cartilage, injections consisting of hyaluronic acids to improve lubrication processes in cartilaginous joints.
Physical therapy and physiotherapy, which includes such types of treatment as electrophoresis and shock wave therapy, can also help qualitatively.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an irreversible progressive disease of the joints, characterized by the development of a degenerative process affecting all articular components.
OA is the most common joint pathology.
Initially, the cartilage and periarticular areas of the bone are affected, then the ligaments, capsule and periarticular muscles are involved. Often, dystrophic changes are combined with inflammation of the joint, which allows the disease to be interpreted as arthrosis-arthritis.
Cartilage plays the role of a shock absorber in the joint: its smooth surface reduces friction between the bones and ensures good mobility. With this disorder, the cartilaginous surface turns into a rough unevenness and can be worn down to the bone.
OA always leads to joint deformation, which allows the pathology to be called deforming osteoarthritis (DOA). In the ICD (International Classification of Diseases) the terms are synonymous: osteoarthritis, osteoarthritis, arthrosis, arthrosis deformans.
OA is registered all over the world: it affects about 16% of the world's population. The incidence and prevalence of osteoarthritis varies from country to country.
In the United States, about 7% of the population (over 21 million people) is sick, with 2% of people under 45 years of age; in Sweden - 5.8% of residents (aged 50-70 years); in Russia – about 15 million people.
With age, the incidence increases sharply: in old age, every third person gets sick. Among the sick young people, men predominate, among the elderly – women.
Osteoarthritis of the hip and knee joints is most common; intervertebral joints are also affected, and less commonly, the carpometacarpal and interphalangeal joints.
In terms of the severity of functional disorders, lesions of the knee, hip and shoulder joints predominate.
Destruction begins from one joint, then others are involved, taking on the compensatory load. More often, the first signs appear at the age of 40-45 years.
There are several types of classification of the disease.
There are primary and secondary osteoarthritis (associated with dysplasia, poor posture, joint diseases, trauma, etc.), with and without symptoms of synovitis.
There are clinical forms:
Depending on location:
Based on radiological manifestations, 5 stages of DOA are distinguished.
There are functional disorders of the joints:
The reasons for the destruction of cartilage tissue have not been fully elucidated. Changes in tissue cells lead to softening of the cartilage, a decrease in its thickness, narrowing of the joint space, thickening of the bone section, the formation of osteophytes (bone spines) and cysts.
Risk factors for development include:
A genetic predisposition to the disease associated with a mutation in the gene for type II collagen (cartilage tissue protein) cannot be ruled out.
For diagnostics the following can be used:
There is no effective way to treat osteoarthritis that can stop the progression of the process.
Existing treatment methods are aimed at achieving the following goals:
There are the following treatment methods:
Drug therapy in the treatment of osteoarthritis consists of prescribing drugs that have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and chondroprotective effects:
Physiotherapy reduces the intensity of pain, muscle spasm, inflammation, stimulates microcirculation and metabolic processes in the joints. The doctor selects them individually depending on the stage of the disease and leading symptoms.
The following types of physical procedures can be used:
Exercise therapy and massage make it possible to relieve muscle spasms, increase the tone of a weakened muscle group, and improve the trophism and function of the affected joints.
The principle of exercise therapy: light dynamic loads and complete static unloading. The doctor recommends special exercises and means of support when moving (crutches, cane, corset), elastic braces (knee pads), special shoes or inserts for them.
Walking (at least 30 minutes) on level ground, cycling, and swimming are recommended. It is necessary to avoid being in a fixed position for a long time, lifting weights, or sitting in soft chairs. The bed should be hard, the chairs should have a straight back.
The patient's diet should be aimed at normalizing body weight. Outside of an exacerbation, sanitary treatment is possible at resorts with therapeutic mud, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, and radon springs.
Iodine-bromine, sulfide, bischofite, sea baths, applications of peat and silt mud, and ozokerite are effective.
The best recipes for the treatment of osteoarthritis with folk remedies:
Surgical treatment: several types of operations have been developed and are used:
Degenerative changes in the tissues of the supporting apparatus in OA lead to complete destruction of cartilage and severe dysfunction of the joint.
Stiffness and pain can be so severe that the patient becomes unable to work and needs outside help in everyday life.
Prevention of OA includes the following methods:
Osteoarthritis is a chronic, progressive joint damage that causes dysfunction and loss of ability to work.
There is no effective treatment for the disease. Early contact with a doctor at the first manifestations of the disease will allow you to receive treatment that slows down the progression of the process.
In the later stages, the only way to alleviate the condition is joint replacement surgery.
Many people complain of pain in the joints. But few people think that this is a signal of the development of a serious disease called osteoarthritis. If you do not carry out timely treatment, you may encounter unpleasant consequences. What is osteoarthritis? What are the stages of the disease, its symptoms and causes of development? How to relieve pain, what should be the treatment? Such questions concern a large number of people who are faced with osteoporosis of the joints.
Before you read further, I want to warn you. Most of the remedies for “treating” joints that are advertised on TV and sold in pharmacies are a complete scam. At first it may seem that creams and ointments help, BUT in fact they only remove the symptoms of the disease.
In simple words, you buy a regular painkiller, and the disease continues to develop into a more severe stage.
Ordinary joint pain can be a symptom of more serious diseases:
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Osteoratrosis of the joints is a disease during which the destruction of the articular surfaces occurs.
This is influenced by various reasons. The joint has a cartilage covering that acts as a shock absorber, reducing friction between the bones. As a result, a person can move his arms, legs and other parts of the body. If the cartilage is healthy, then it has a smooth structure. But as soon as osteoarthritis of the joints begins to develop, articular cartilage is destroyed and synovial fluid is lost. The surface loses its elasticity, it becomes rough and uneven.
Over the years, the body does not get younger, so the risk of encountering various diseases, including osteoarthritis of the joint, begins to increase. It is quite difficult to cure this pathology and stop degenerative processes. It is worth understanding that not only older people suffer from the disease, since it can be triggered by a poor lifestyle and extra pounds.
This disease provokes the following symptoms:
It is worth paying attention to the skin in the affected area. If you feel warm and the skin is red, this does not mean that osteoarthritis is developing . To understand the diagnosis and begin proper treatment, you need to consult a doctor if any unpleasant symptoms appear that prevent you from functioning normally. After all, it is easier to treat the disease at an early stage.
Medical practice: more than 30 years.
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This drug allows you to forget about back and joint pain in the shortest possible time, literally from 4 days, and cure even very complex cases within a couple of months.
When a person’s age exceeds 40 years, then it can often be seen on x-rays that the joints have begun to deform. This is especially clearly seen with deformation of the hip joint, since it receives a large load throughout life. The problem is that negative changes in cartilage may not be immediately noticeable, since symptoms appear gradually. Initially, a person may experience damage to the interphalangeal joints of the hand, and then the knees may begin to hurt. The disease manifests itself differently in each person.
Considering this, all people should worry if pain in the joint area begins to appear. As soon as your knees, arms or other part of the body start to hurt, you need to go to a doctor who will prescribe proper treatment.
At the initial stage, the disease is not yet very disturbing, but time passes and the damage becomes even greater. The joints become less mobile, and bones and cartilage also grow. As a result, the joints become large, the cartilage becomes coarser, which causes clicking during movement, limiting the mobility of the joint. But nodules may appear on the fingers.
If you compare the disease of the hip and knee joint, then you can find a lot of differences. If the knee suffers, then the ligaments are sprained and stability is lost. And if we talk about the hip joint, then with osteoarthritis, mobility worsens. But in all cases the patient suffers from severe pain.
Quite often, as the disease develops, people complain of pain in the lumbar region. When the spine is affected, you may feel some pain, but it becomes more difficult to move. But the disease does not stop there, so bone growth occurs, which puts pressure on the nerves. In some cases, this leads to loss of sensation in certain areas of the body. Rarely, vision deteriorates, the person feels dizzy, or feels sick. This can be observed if blood vessels are compressed. There are also situations when bone growth leads to compression of the esophagus, making it difficult for a person to swallow food.
Throughout his life, a person repeats millions of movements. He doesn’t think that all this loads certain joints every time. Time passes, which leads to the destruction of the fibers. If the body is still young, then it has nothing to fear, since old cells are still being replaced by new ones. But older people no longer have such development. Therefore, the number of cells decreases as they are destroyed. As a result, a person lacks them, which provokes various difficulties in the joint tissues.
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As a result, the cartilage in the joint begins to age, so it is not able to absorb fluid for normal function. This leads to the fact that dryness begins to be present, which provokes the destruction of bone tissue. If a person does not treat osteoarthritis, then the cartilage can be completely destroyed, which will limit the ability to carry out many activities.
It is also worth noting the fact that bone tissue begins to change when cartilage is deformed. When deformed, the body tries to restore the damaged areas. Feeling a lack of cartilage volume, bone tissue begins to restore it, causing bone growths to grow. This negatively affects human health. This deforms the joints, which significantly limits movement and provokes pain.
Various reasons can provoke the development of the disease. It is worth reading them carefully.
Today, a large number of children are born with birth defects. This may include flat feet. This may occur due to connective tissue dysplasia.
The doctor who delivers the baby must pay attention to any abnormalities. If a child has such problems, it is worth starting to take measures . Do not give up, as in most cases such degenerative changes can be eliminated. But for this you need to start timely treatment. Parents must go with the baby for diagnostics and undergo all the necessary procedures. If this is not done, you may face disability.
A large number of diseases appear with age. This is normal. To begin timely treatment of the disease, older people are recommended to regularly visit a doctor who will examine and conduct the necessary diagnostics. If pathology is identified at an early stage, then it is easier to get rid of it.
Quite often, doctors discover osteoarthritis in newborn babies. This disease appears at such a young age due to heredity. Experts have studied this issue. They noticed that often a woman diagnosed with osteoarthritis genetically passes the disease on to her baby. Therefore, those who suffer from the disease need to pay special attention to their children after their birth.
Various disorders of the endocrine system and inflammation can provoke the development of other ailments, for example, reactive synovitis, osteoarthritis. Quite often, varicose veins and diabetes mellitus lead to this. Therefore, you should pay close attention to your health after suffering from illnesses.
If a person leads an active lifestyle, plays sports, then he needs to be especially careful. This is due to the fact that such people are susceptible to the development of osteoarthritis, because they often get injured and put stress on their joints. For the disease to begin to develop, a minor bruise or sprain will be enough.
If a person often plays football, does gymnastics and other sports, he needs to systematically check the health of his joints.
There are three stages of osteoarthritis. It is better to notice the disease in the initial stages of its development. In this case, it is easier to treat it.
Once the disease begins to develop, it provokes mild pain. The pain is localized to a point. Often people, faced with such a symptom, think that they are very tired, overexerted, and therefore their joints begin to ache. But the disease does not stop and continues to develop.
The difficulty of the initial stage is that it is difficult to determine the development of the disease at this stage. No diagnostic procedures will help for this. To understand that osteoarthritis is developing, you need to take into account all the signs that a person has. The presence of reactive synovitis can also be a signal of the onset of the disease. To do this, doctors examine the synovium. If inflammation is detected in the joint area, pathology can be suspected.
At this stage of the disease, the patient begins to hear a crunching sound. In addition, muscle functions are often impaired. If marginal ossification occurs, then it becomes difficult to move the legs. At this stage of the disease, traditional methods will not help; you must definitely visit a doctor. Homemade recipes can be used to supplement basic treatment.
At this stage of the disease, the patient practically does not move independently, since degeneration of the articular cartilage (genu varum) has limited the person’s movements. At this stage of development, people cannot raise their arms or legs; their joints are already severely bent. Often, only surgical intervention can help alleviate the patient’s condition, since medications and other procedures are no longer effective.
Osteoarthritis is divided into the following forms:
There are other forms, so you should not treat the disease yourself, since initially the doctor must understand the specifics of the disease.
With osteoarthritis of various joints, a person is concerned with the main question: how to get rid of the disease. It is recommended to treat the disease comprehensively. For this, traditional medicine and folk methods are used. But initially, you should consult a doctor who will help you find the right treatment for the pathology. There is no need to put off going to the doctor, as you may encounter complications.
As soon as a person finds out about the presence of osteoarthritis, he needs to begin treating the disease. Treatment will directly depend on the patient’s condition and the stage of the disease. For this reason, it is worth contacting a good specialist, since human health depends on him.
The patient is prescribed a variety of medications that eliminate pain and have a positive effect on joint mobility . If the disease is detected at an early stage of development, then you can easily get rid of it.
To do this, doctors recommend the following activities:
If possible, then it is recommended not to engage in the following actions:
Special exercises are beneficial. But the doctor must select them, since he takes into account the individual characteristics of the person and the course of the disease. The doctor can also prescribe special braces, shoes, and select the necessary nutrition. The patient must take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as chondroprotectors, which will help get rid of annoying pain, reduce the inflammatory process, and stop the destruction of cartilage tissue.
If a person cannot tolerate the pain caused by the disease, he is given corticosteroids. After such a procedure, a person will be able to say goodbye to pain for a couple of months, but then it returns again. At the same time, the joints continue to deteriorate all this time. For this reason, this treatment is not overused.
Quite often, doctors prescribe traditional methods of treating the disease as an additional means of combating the disease. Even in ancient times, people developed a variety of recipes that helped improve joint health.
To remove swelling of the knee joint, relieve pain, and improve the health of arthrosis cartilage, compresses are used. For their preparation, vegetable oil, honey, and mustard are used. To do this, such components need to be mixed, and their quantities are taken in the same amount. This mixture is applied as a compress for a couple of hours.
To get rid of pain, they do a rubbing, which requires turpentine and castor oil. For 2 weeks you need to rub this medicine into the affected areas.
To ensure that the joint space does not narrow, the joints are healthy, and there is enough basic cartilage substance, it is worth adhering to simple rules of prevention. Initially, you should take care of your diet.
To do this, doctors advise:
Next you need to change your daily routine. Joints need to be protected from unnecessary stress. For this reason, it is better to limit yourself from climbing stairs and squats. It's better not to wear things that are too heavy. All load should be in moderation. Otherwise your joints will suffer.
Daily exercise will be beneficial, improving blood circulation, mobility, and strengthening muscles.
It is worth understanding that osteoarthritis is a chronic disease that cannot be completely eliminated. But in the modern world, medicine helps slow down degenerative processes, especially if the disease is in the initial stages of development. Therefore, you should carefully monitor your health and consult a doctor at the first symptoms of the disease.
We conducted an investigation, studied a bunch of materials, and most importantly, tested most of the remedies for joint pain. The verdict is:
All drugs gave only temporary results; as soon as the use was stopped, the pain immediately returned.
Remember! There is NOT ONE REMEDY that will help you heal your joints if you do not use complex treatment: diet, regimen, physical activity, etc.
Newfangled remedies for joints, which are replete with the entire Internet, also did not produce results. As it turned out, all this is a deception of marketers who earn huge money from the fact that you fall for their advertising.
The only drug that gave significant
the result is Artrodex
You may ask why everyone who suffers from joint pain doesn’t immediately get rid of it?
The answer is simple, Artrodex is not sold in pharmacies and is not advertised on the Internet. And if they advertise, then it’s a FAKE.
There is good news, we have contacted the manufacturers and will share with you a link to the official Artrodex website. By the way, manufacturers are not trying to profit from people with diseased joints; the promotional price is only 1 ruble .