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Urolithiasis gout

23 Jul 18

Kidney stones (urolithiasis). Gout. Osteoarthritis

“Stone” diseases include: kidney stones , gout , osteoarthritis . With all these diseases, salt deposition occurs.

The most common disease is kidney stones , or also called urolithiasis . In adults, it ranks second in frequency after inflammatory nonspecific diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract. Urinary stones are conglomerates consisting of crystals of uric salts. According to their chemical composition, they are urate, oxalate, phosphate and mixed. Urate stones are formed from salts of uric acid (urate), oxalate stones from oxalic acid, and phosphate stones from phosphate acid. The softest and most easily broken stones are phosphates, the hardest are oxalates.

2. Gallbladder infections, more often with low stomach acidity.

3. Disturbance of cholesterol and other types of metabolism.

The diet should contain a sufficient amount of complete proteins contained in milk and dairy products (cottage cheese, cheese, kefir), meat, fish, as well as vegetables and fruits - sources of plant fiber and vitamins. Vegetable oils should predominate in the diet of fatty components. It is necessary to exclude rich broths and refractory fats (pork, beef lard). Fried foods are especially harmful.

Treatment is aimed at acidifying the urine. Here the diet should be dominated by meat dishes and flour products. The menu should also include foods: fish, eggs, cereals. Limit most vegetables, fruits, and berries. Include in the diet those varieties of greens and vegetables that are low in calcium: peas, pumpkin, Brussels sprouts. Useful berries and fruits include lingonberries, red currants, and sour apples.

In all cases, drinking plenty of fluids and getting vitamin A into the body is indicated.

Traditional treatment of stone diseases

Pour red currants into a liter jar up to half, crush them with a wooden masher, add 1 tbsp. spoon of sugar and fill the jar to the top with cold boiled water. Then place in a warm place to ferment. The first fermentation will begin on the second day, and then the infusion must be drained daily. As soon as bubbles appear, throw away the berries and drain the drink - that’s it, it’s ready to drink.

When preparing the infusion again, there is no need to rinse the jar - this will make the fermentation process go faster.

Drink 3 times a day: in the morning and at lunch - 30 minutes before meals, in the evening - before bed. During the day you need to drink the entire infusion, dividing it into three parts. Take daily, without taking a break, so that the body accumulates the healing substances necessary to remove kidney stones.

The entire course will require 8-10 kg of red currants.

Drink 1 glass a day on an empty stomach for 5 days for sand and kidney stones. Repeat after 10 days. Pain in the liver must be endured. For the period of treatment, exclude spicy foods from the diet.

Drink 1 tbsp. spoon 3 times a day for kidney stones.

Take 0.5 teaspoon 3 times a day, for kidney and bladder stones.

On the 20th day, decomposed stones are passed out in the urine without pain.

Take 1 teaspoon with a small amount of water 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals for urolithiasis and other metabolic disorders for 3-4 weeks. Conduct 2-3 courses with a break between them of 1 month.

At 8 am, drink 1 glass (240 g) of apple juice and 2 glasses (480 g) of juice at 10 am, 12 noon, 2 pm, 4 pm, 6 pm and 8 pm . Fast on this diet for 2 days with the goal of a small and painless cleansing of the body. At the end of each day of this period, if there is no bowel movement, you can take a herbal laxative or, in extreme cases, do an enema of warm water. Then take a hot bath and sweat well.

On day 3 at 8 am, drink 2 glasses of apple juice, after 30 minutes drink 120 g of olive oil. Immediately after this, drink 1 glass of diluted apple juice. If weakness appears after taking olive oil, it is recommended to lie down and rest. In most cases, the diet of this day gives results within 1-2 hours. Green pebbles of various sizes will begin to come out of the body with excrement, dissolved stones and sand will come out in the form of green slurry.

Take 1 glass 3 times a day for 7-10 days.

Since blood pressure often increases with kidney disease, rosehip roots and fruits are consumed together. An infusion of rose hips is prepared as follows: dry fruits are scalded with boiling water, crushed, poured into a thermos, poured with boiling water and left for 1 hour.

Take 0.5 cups 3-4 times a day.

Drink daily as tea with sugar to taste for urolithiasis and to dissolve kidney and bladder stones.

Take for at least 1 month.

Drink during the day if you have urolithiasis.

Another method of preparation: 3 tbsp. spoons of leaves pour 0.5 liters of boiling water into a thermos, leave for 2 hours, strain.

Drink a warm infusion of 2/3 cup 3-4 times a day for urolithiasis.

Recommendation: Before using any prescription, consult your doctor for advice and permission to use.

Urolithiasis disease

Among the most common diseases in the practice of a urologist with whom patients seek appointments is urolithiasis. Moreover, they often learn about the existence of this pathology only when the formed calculus moves along the urethra (from the collecting apparatus of the kidney to the underlying sections).

The disease is metabolic in nature, that is, its occurrence is preceded by various biochemical disruptions in the functioning of the body. This condition in its development requires the presence of several causes and predisposing factors, which together can become the impetus for the onset of the pathological process.

In medicine, the disease is also called “urolithiasis.” Unfortunately, the disease is registered not only among patients of older age groups; it can occur in children, and the cause of its occurrence does not always remain clear.

If we consider the gender of urolithiasis, the process is most often registered in males (3-4 times), and both kidneys are equally often affected. The average age of patients with this pathology is 45-50 years.

Classification of the disease

The classification of urolithiasis is based not only on the causes of its occurrence and clinical variants of the course, but also on the main characteristics of the stones.

Based on the composition of the components included in the stones, it is customary to distinguish:

  • stones of inorganic origin (calcium, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, magnesium-containing and others);
  • stones of organic origin (urate, cystine and others);
  • mixed (polymineral).
  • According to the number of stones in the urinary tract:

  • single stone (single stone);
  • multiple stones;
  • coral calculus.
  • By process localization:

  • stones (or stone) in the calyces (of one or both kidneys);
  • stone in the pelvis;
  • stone located at different levels of the ureter (upper, middle or lower third);
  • stone in the lumen of the bladder;
  • stone in the urethra (urethra).
  • Due to the occurrence:

  • primary urolithiasis (newly occurring);
  • recurrent urolithiasis (formation of new stones);
  • residual urolithiasis (the presence of stones or parts thereof in the patient’s urinary tract, which could not be removed during treatment).
  • According to the nature of the course:

    As mentioned above, in order to start the process of stone formation, the patient must have several reasons. This means that the disease is multi-etiological.

    The disease is based on a variety of metabolic disorders, which leads to the formation of stones of the corresponding nature (urate, oxalate, phosphate, mixed, etc.)

    It is worth highlighting the main causes of urolithiasis:

    With congenital ureteral defects, the risk of developing urolithiasis increases many times.

    • Family history (presence of proven urolithiasis in close relatives on the paternal or maternal side).
    • Daily consumption of monotonous, unbalanced and unvitaminized food. Preference in the diet for fatty, fried and spicy-salty foods. Irrational eating, overeating before bed, etc.
    • Insufficient level of water load, namely a small volume of liquid drunk (less than 2 liters per day).
    • Living in places with a very hot climate or working in a hot shop or in poorly ventilated areas, which leads to constant dehydration of the body and a strong concentration of urinary sediment.
    • Metabolic disorders in people with varying degrees of overweight or obesity, as well as low levels of daily physical and physical activity.
    • Uncontrolled use of a number of medications (vitamin D, ascorbic acid, sulfa drugs, hormones, etc.).
    • Pathological processes or anomalies in the development of the organs of the urinary system (for example, congenital or acquired narrowing of the urethra, reflux of urine from the bladder into the lumen of the ureters, horseshoe kidney, and others).
    • Kidney diseases of various nature (nephropathy, chronic form of pyelonephritis or glomerulonephritis, cancer or tuberculous processes in the organ), as well as severe trauma.
    • Diseases of other organs and systems. First of all, we are talking about diseases of an endocrine nature (hyperthyroidism, Conn's disease, hyperparathyroidism, etc.). Disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract system are important (for example, the presence of surgical intervention in different parts of the ileum with resection in the patient). Chronic inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs often cause congestion and infection of urinary sediment.
    • The cause of prolonged stagnation of urine can be an inflammatory process in the tissues of the prostate gland.

      Local risk factors for the disease include:

    • prolonged stagnation of urine for various reasons (impaired urine outflow due to urethral strictures, pathological bends of the ureter or urethra, compression of the tract from the outside by a growing tumor or hematoma, etc.);
    • a change in the reaction of urine towards its oxidation or alkalization;
    • introduction of infectious agents into different parts of the urinary tract.
    • Despite the fact that the disease is very common and has been known in medicine for more than a hundred years, there is still no uniform understanding of all the mechanisms of stone formation.

      The main links in pathogenesis are the following:

    • under the influence of various factors and microorganisms, the regeneration processes of the epithelial layer lining the organs of the urinary system are disrupted and desquamation occurs;
    • colloidal substances present in the body of a healthy person acquire a lipophobic structure, which accelerates the process of their “gluing” to each other and the formation of crystalline masses;
    • there is an imbalance between the processes of formation of small stones and mechanisms aimed at their natural breakdown (the reaction of urinary sediment is of particular importance).
    • Symptoms of urolithiasis, as a rule, occur only when the formed stone moves along the urethra. The pathological condition is characterized by a triad of clinical manifestations:

    • pain of varying severity;
    • changes in urinary sediment (appearance of blood, pus and other components);
    • disruption of the process of urine excretion, up to complete anuria (obstructive genesis).
    • The pain syndrome can be constant or intermittent, the degree of its severity varies from aching pain to unbearable renal colic, which requires emergency hospitalization of the patient in a hospital

      Painful symptoms are accompanied by complaints of a dysuric nature: frequent and painful urination, disruption of bladder emptying processes. Patients complain of general weakness, decreased performance, a feeling of nausea and vomiting at the peak of pain (it does not bring any relief).

      Signs of urolithiasis during the latent period are mild or absent altogether. Some patients note the appearance of periodic unpleasant or pulling-aching sensations in the lower back on one or both sides. Most often they are preceded by physical or water stress on the body.

      In more than 70% of cases, infectious agents are attached, which causes inflammatory changes in the tissues of the kidney or other parts of the urinary tract (pyelonephritis, cystitis and others).

      The presence of a stone at different levels of the urinary tract affects the manifestation of pain

      The severity of symptoms of urolithiasis, depending on the location of the stone, is as follows:

    • If the stone is localized in the pyelocaliceal apparatus of the kidney, then the patient has aching pain in the lumbar region of the corresponding side. Pain is associated with changes in body position and movement of the patient. Traces of blood in the urine often appear.
    • When the calculus is localized at different levels of the ureter, the pain shifts to the groin area, and is characterized by irradiation to the surface of the thigh and genitals. There are complaints of frequent and painful urination. When a stone completely blocks the lumen of one of the ureters, the pain syndrome becomes unbearable (renal colic).
    • The presence of a calculus in the lumen of the bladder is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen, and the pain radiates to the genitals, perineum or rectum. There are typical dysuric disorders: frequent and painful urination, which can suddenly be interrupted (symptom of “stream interruption”).
    • Often, patients go to the doctor with a stone that has already passed, which is an indisputable sign of urolithiasis.

      Urolithiasis in children and pregnant women

      The main reasons for the onset of the process in babies and pregnant women are:

      • disturbances in the diet and nature of nutrition;
      • imperfection or weakening of the body’s own protective properties, which leads to metabolic disorders;
      • In pregnant women, congestion in the urinary tract plays a role due to pressure on it from the growing uterus.
      • In general, the symptoms and principles of treatment of urolithiasis in this category of patients do not have significant differences, which is explained by the unity of etiology and pathogenesis.

        In childhood, diagnosis can be difficult, since it is difficult for the child to explain to his parents and doctor what complaints are bothering him and what exactly hurts him. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to any abnormalities in the child’s body.

        Symptoms of urolithiasis in pregnant women may be atypical

        Often, an attack of renal colic is perceived as the onset of labor, which leads to erroneous hospitalization in the maternity ward.

        The most common adverse outcomes of the disease are the following pathological processes:

      • inflammation of the affected kidney due to blockage of the urinary duct (obstructive form of pyelonephritis);
      • calculous pyonephrosis (most often, purulent cavities in the kidney tissues occur with a recurrent form of urolithiasis);
      • acute renal failure (observed in patients with urolithiasis of a single kidney);
      • rupture of the wall of the ureter, bladder or urethra with the development of a septic condition in the patient;
      • cicatricial deformations of the lumen of the ureter and others.
      • The most common complication of urolithiasis is an inflammatory process in the kidney (acute pyelonephritis)

        Diagnostic principles

        Clinical examination of the patient

        Diagnosis of urolithiasis, like any other disease, is impossible without a carefully collected medical history. In this case, special attention must be paid to all risk factors that can serve as an impetus for the onset of the disease.

        During an objective examination, the doctor determines the area of ​​greatest pain, as well as other pathological symptoms characteristic of the process (tension of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, a positive symptom of effleurage, and others).

        Laboratory diagnostics

        All patients must undergo the following examination:

      • general blood test (there are signs of an inflammatory process, ESR and the number of leukocytes increase);
      • general urine analysis (the pH of the urinary sediment changes, the number of leukocytes increases - leukocyturia, blood cells appear - micro- or macrohematuria, salt crystals or bacterial agents of various origins are detected);
      • biochemical blood test (determine the level of protein and its fractions, free and bound calcium, creatinine and other indicators);
      • daily urine analysis (assessing the content of calcium, urates, oxalates and other substances in urine);
      • culture of urine on nutrient media.
      • It is necessary to study the biochemical composition of the resulting stones using X-ray defractometry and infrared spectrophotometry

        Instrumental diagnostic methods

        All patients suspected of having urolithiasis undergo instrumental studies:

      • overview x-ray, including the projection area of ​​the kidneys, ureters and bladder (allows you to visualize only x-ray positive stones);
      • excretory (intravenous) urography is performed only after complete elimination of an attack of renal colic (the method helps the doctor in assessing the anatomical and functional state of the urinary tract);
      • Ultrasound of the kidneys (allows you to visualize all the structures of the organ, the condition of the parenchyma and the collecting apparatus, the presence of stones, ulcers or other pathological foci);
      • CT or MRI of the kidneys (has the greatest information content relative to other diagnostic procedures, indispensable if the stone was not detected during previous studies).
      • Differential diagnosis of renal colic and other diseases

        Often, a doctor in the emergency department, to which a patient has been brought with an attack of renal colic, has to carry out a rather difficult diagnosis of this process with other diseases that have similar clinical and laboratory symptoms.

        Most often we are talking about the following pathological conditions:

      • acute appendicitis (characterized by positive symptoms of Shchetkin-Blumberg, Sitkovsky and others, pronounced leukocytosis and temperature reaction);
      • an attack of acute pancreatitis (repeated diarrhea, girdle pain, vomiting that does not bring relief to the patient, amylase increases in the blood and urine);
      • peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum, complicated by perforation (“dagger-like” pain, board-shaped abdomen, appearance of a tympanic sound above the abdomen);
      • ectopic pregnancy (history of menstrual irregularities or prolonged delay, severe pallor of the patient, severe pain in the lower abdomen);
      • exacerbation of destructive processes in the spine (pain is associated with movement, paravertebral points of greatest pain are identified, there is a limitation in the mobility of the spinal column, a characteristic X-ray picture of destructive changes).
      • In order to confirm or exclude any of the diseases described above, a clinical and laboratory study is required on the patient, as well as consultation with specialized specialists (surgeon, gynecologist, gastroenterologist and others).

        Basic principles of treatment

        It is necessary to treat any form of urolithiasis comprehensively, that is, therapy should be aimed not only at eliminating the unpleasant symptoms of the disease, but also it is necessary to block the main pathogenetic links of its occurrence.

        Treatment of urolithiasis is not an easy task, because the success of the measures taken is largely determined by the patient’s adherence to therapy and his compliance with all medical recommendations. You can read more about the basic principles of treating the disease in this article.

        First of all, any treatment for urolithiasis begins with prescribing the patient an appropriate dietary “therapeutic” diet, the choice of which is determined by the biochemical composition of the stones.

        General nutritional principles are as follows:

      • those products that contain prohibited substances are completely excluded from the patient’s diet or limited as much as possible (for example, with calcium urolithiasis, milk and dairy products are excluded);
      • it is necessary to do several fasting days during the month (fruit or vegetable, but only from those that are allowed for a particular patient);
      • It is imperative to optimize the volume of water load, that is, consume at least 2-2.5 liters of liquid during the day.
      • Drug treatment is aimed at eliminating pain, removing the inflammatory and spastic component, normalizing the pH of urinary sediment, restoring diuresis, etc.

        For this, broad-spectrum antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, antispasmodics and painkillers, etc. are prescribed.

        Herbal medicine is recommended for all patients, because in the correct dosage, herbal decoctions and infusions have pronounced anti-inflammatory, diuretic, antispasmodic and other effects.

        The choice of herbal collection depends on the nature of metabolic disorders, since different forms of urolithiasis require different types of herbs.

        Surgery is performed using several methods:

      • external shock wave lithotripsy;
      • endoscopic intervention (transurethral lithotripsy);
      • percutaneous nephrolithotripsy;
      • open (cavitary) surgery (ureterolithotomy, pyelolithotomy and others).
      • The choice of surgical method is determined by the size and number of stones, their location in the urinary tract, the patient’s condition and the presence of concomitant diseases.

        Sanatorium-resort treatment is prescribed to all patients who have no contraindications to it, as well as outside the acute period of the disease. Patients are treated with mineral waters of appropriate acidity (balneological therapy).

        Prevention of urolithiasis

        In order to minimize the risk of developing the disease in patients at risk, it is necessary to adhere to the following measures:

      • nutrition should be complete, rational and sufficiently fortified;
      • It is better to completely exclude “food waste” from the diet, namely fast food and semi-finished products;
      • it is important to drink enough fluid daily (at least 2-2.5 liters);
      • Work in hot shops or hot rooms is not recommended; sleep and rest should be complete;
      • Particular importance is given to the timely diagnosis and treatment of any diseases of the urinary tract, as well as other body systems (endocrinopathies, gastrointestinal diseases, etc.).
      • If you are overweight, attention is paid to its correction, and the level of daily physical activity is expanded

        The diagnosis of urolithiasis can sometimes be established only through radiation or x-ray diagnostic methods. This means that the process proceeds latent for a long time, which can cause various kinds of complications.

        If your closest relatives have a history of repeated episodes of renal colic, then you should not delay your examination. Thanks to modern diagnostics, it is possible to detect even the smallest stones, which are quite easy to adequately treat.

        Gout stones: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

        Gout is a disease associated with a disorder of purine metabolism, as a result of which crystals of sodium urate (uric acid) are deposited in the body, including the kidneys. The pathology that occurs when these paired organs are damaged is called “gouty kidney.”

        Manifestation of pathology

        According to medical data, gouty kidney most often develops in men over the age of 35, and damage to this organ manifests itself in various forms of nephropathy:

        1. urate kidney stone form;
        2. interstitial nephritis;
        3. acute uric acid form.

        In women, kidney disease with the formation of stones and gout occur most often during menopause. The disease, which is hereditary in nature, can extremely rarely manifest itself in young men.

        With chronic gout, changes in kidney function do not appear immediately; only slight deviations are sometimes observed in urine tests.

        Changes in the kidneys occur as a result of an increase in the amount of uric acid in the blood (from 0.325 mmol/l) - hyperuricemia. Nephropathy also develops as a result of a phenomenon called hyperuricosuria, in which the kidneys remove excess uric acid, but there is a risk of its retention inside the tubules. This leads to a reduction in its excretion by the kidneys and the development of hyperuricemia. More often, this phenomenon is observed in the primary form of gout, which occurs due to increased production of uric acid due to impaired nucleoprotein metabolism and a lack of certain enzymes.

        Urolithiasis can also develop with a secondary form of gout, the causes of which are the use of certain medications, for example, salicylates, cytostatics, thiazide diuretics. Some diseases can also lead to kidney damage: myeloma, erythremia.

        Most often, kidney stones form slowly, but situations arise, for example, in acute kidney failure, when uric acid completely blocks the tubules.

        Most often, patients begin to examine the kidneys already when their damage is significant, when glomerulosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension develop.

        Symptoms of gouty kidney

        Over a long period, nephropathy, which is a consequence of gout, manifests itself in the form of slight proteinuria and microhematuria. Casts and leukocytes can also be detected in the urine. With increasing signs of renal failure, azotemia, decreased renal concentration function, and arterial hypertension begin to appear.

        Nephropathy is not always accompanied by such manifestations of gout as arthritis, tophi in the joints or ears. Sometimes hyperuricemia is asymptomatic. Interstitial nephritis most often develops with proteinuria and progression of renal failure. This process is caused by urate deposits in the medulla tubes and damage to the renal parenchyma. According to statistics, 20% of patients with gout develop kidney stones.

        Acute uric acid kidney damage develops as a result of massive hyperuricemia, sometimes with the formation of stones and sand. This process leads to acute renal failure, which is often accompanied by gouty arthritis and colic in the kidneys. Most often, massive hyperuricemia, associated with excessive production of uric acid, develops in people suffering from leukemia or lymphoproliferative diseases.

        Drug therapy

        The main methods of treating kidney damage due to gout involve dieting and the use of medications. This therapy can be carried out in periods between gout exacerbations.

        The patient is prescribed diuretics that prevent secondary absorption of previously released urates from the tubules. Urostatics are also widely used, which are designed to delay the production of uric acid. The most effective effect is provided by allopurinol, which was previously used in medicine to treat tumors, and then began to be successfully used for gouty disease. Under the influence of this drug, the stones gradually decrease. Treatment can be very lengthy and often takes several years, during which the dosage and frequency of allopurinol courses must be adjusted depending on medical conditions.

        For gouty nephropathy, it is undesirable to use uricosuric drugs such as benemid, anturan.

        If inflammatory processes occur, the patient must take antibiotics. Preparations containing natural ingredients also have a positive effect: urolesan, cystenal.

        If the stone does not shrink even with the use of medications, surgery is indicated.

        When chronic kidney failure develops, a diet is used that corresponds to the stage of kidney damage. When attacks of gouty arthritis occur, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin) are used.

        Drinking regime and diets

        An important measure when using diuretics is the drinking regime. The patient should drink more than two liters of clean water not only during the day, but also at night. This helps prevent the deposition of urate in the urinary tract.

        The goal of dietary nutrition for this disease is to limit the consumption of foods that increase the body's production of uric acid. Beer and other drinks with alcohol, canned meat and fish should be excluded from the diet. For such a disease, it is better to eat dark meat. Milk, eggs, and sweets are allowed, but in limited quantities. Sweets can easily trigger the development of diabetes mellitus in gout.

        Experts do not recommend including sorrel, radishes, peppers, and spinach in the diet. Salt should also be limited.

        For gouty disease, you can also use traditional medicine: infusions of horsetail, clover leaves, and corn silk. Decoctions of lingonberries or bearberry have a good effect. Such methods help to break down stone formations in the urinary tract and kidney structures.

        Chestnut extract helps reduce the increased amount of uric acid. You can make decoctions from the bark, flowers or fruits. A tablespoon of these components is poured into a glass of water and kept on low heat for 15 minutes. It is better to take this decoction in the morning on an empty stomach, 20 drops.

        You can also make a chestnut tincture. For this, 2 tbsp. raw materials are poured with 400 ml of vodka. After infusion, take a tablespoon.

        To remove excess uric acid from the body, it is good to drink a glass of freshly prepared apple juice every day. It is also advisable to eat pieces of apples fried in oil every day.

        Potato juice, which contains alkaline salts that bind urinary urates and remove them from the body, is very popular among people.

        Preventive measures

        Modern scientists have proven that the development of gout is greatly influenced by stress, during which uric acid begins to be produced. Stressful situations can also reduce the level of pantothenic acid in the body, which affects the excretion of uric acid.

        Vitamin E has a great effect on the cells responsible for the production of uric acid. Vitamin C plays the role of a general strengthening substance that prevents the development of inflammatory processes.

        Patients with gouty nephropathy should not take long thermal procedures or overeat. Heat is also contraindicated. Don’t forget about alkalizing mineral water, which has a beneficial effect on the entire body.

        If you have an existing disease, it is important to regularly see specialists and have your kidneys examined in a timely manner.

        According to the study, gout not only negatively affects the kidneys, but also increases the risk of heart attacks in people who have not previously had problems with the cardiovascular system. There are also cases of the development of cataracts, complications in the lungs, and the occurrence of neurological problems, manifested in a noticeable decrease in memory and slowness of thinking processes. Joints, cartilage and bones are often affected, leading to limited movement and severe pain.

        At the moment, there are effective methods for treating a disease associated with high levels of sodium urate in the blood. It is important not only to undergo regular examinations with a specialist, but also to strictly follow all his recommendations, including a course of drug treatment, as well as following a certain diet.

        Urolithiasis in women: symptoms and treatment, folk remedies

        In medicine, urolithiasis is usually called urolithiasis and abbreviated as ICD. It is characterized by the presence of one or more stones (calculi) in one of the parts of the urinary system - the kidneys, ureter or bladder.

        This disease, in addition to a possible severe course, can have negative complications including the development of renal failure.

        Urolithiasis in women is diagnosed much less often than in men, but despite these statistics, a considerable number of women of all ages suffer from it.

        Typically, urolithiasis is characterized by the presence of formations in one kidney or on one side of the ureter or bladder. And only in 15% of cases are stones present in both kidneys or on both sides of these parts of the urinary system. Almost all patients have a certain type of stones – coral stones.

        Causes of urolithiasis

        The mechanism of development of the disease in each woman is individual and complex. It is almost impossible to identify any specific cause of urolithiasis. However, doctors have named several external and internal factors that contribute to the appearance of insoluble compounds in the urinary system, which subsequently undergo changes - transform into stones.

        That is why, if you suspect the presence of urolithiasis and to prevent its further development, it is necessary to undergo a series of studies, including a urine test.

        Exogenous (external) predisposing factors

      • Maintaining a sedentary lifestyle.
      • Taking certain medications that are prescribed for the treatment of diseases such as HIV, malignant neoplasms, pyelonephritis.
      • Sedentary work.
      • Wrong diet.
      • Constant consumption of drinking water with a certain chemical composition.
      • Ecology and climatic conditions of the region of residence.

      Endogenous (internal) predisposing factors

    • The presence of certain diseases that provoke an increase in the level of urea, oxalates, calcium and cystine in the body, as well as changes in blood pH. Such pathologies include, for example, gout, tumor neoplasms, and cirrhosis of the liver.
    • Disruption of the digestive system of organs.
    • Functional hormonal imbalances.
    • The presence of congenital pathologies.
    • Immune system dysfunction.
    • Genetic predisposition.
    • Changes in urine acidity levels.
    • Endocrine diseases.
    • The presence of acute or chronic infection in the urinary system.
    • Competent specialists have reason to assert that with the simultaneous impact of several of these factors on a woman’s body, there is a high probability of developing urolithiasis.

      Depending on their composition, stones are divided into 4 classes.

      Symptoms of urolithiasis in women

      When making a diagnosis, in addition to research results, the symptoms of urolithiasis in women are of great importance, since they depend on the location of the stones, their structure, quantitative indicator, shape and size. Below are the main symptoms indicating the occurrence of urolithiasis.

      1. Deterioration in general health

      This is a fairly common manifestation, which can indicate both the development of pathological processes in the body and minor disorders accompanied by reversible processes (for example, fatigue, lack of sleep).

      This painful condition begins with chills, which does not stop for a long time. Most often, this indicates not only the occurrence of pathology, but also the development of pyelonephritis.

      If urolithiasis is suspected, it is recommended to take a urine test first. If leukocytes are found in its composition, the disappointing diagnosis will most likely be confirmed.

      This symptom of urolithiasis is medically called hematuria. In some cases, the amount of blood in the urine is so small that its presence can only be detected by microscopic examination.

      The situation is spectrally opposite if the urine noticeably changes its color. It can acquire a pale pink or rich red tint. This phenomenon is commonly called macrohematuria. The presence of blood in the urine is due to the fact that dense stones with sharp edges damage the walls of the ureter.

      The vast majority of patients suffering from urolithiasis note that the pain occurs periodically and is paroxysmal in nature. As a rule, an attack begins with aching pain, which subsequently intensifies.

      4. Unexpected interruption of the urinary stream

      This symptom indicates that the stones are most likely localized in the bladder. Urination is difficult and frequent. This symptom may be “faint” or pronounced, since urolithiasis manifests itself differently in women.

      Depending on which part of the urinary system the stones are located in, a certain nature and severity of symptoms are observed.

      2. Frequent and difficult urination, which is accompanied by pain

      3. Cloudy urine

      4. Blood in urine

      2. Pain in the genital area, thighs and groin

      3. Renal colic

      4. Acute pain in the abdominal area, which can radiate to the perineum and lower limbs

      5. Attacks of nausea and repeated vomiting

      2. Presence of blood in urine

      It is important to know! — Urolithiasis can be asymptomatic and discovered completely by accident, for example, during an examination of any internal organs. Stones can remain in one or several parts of the urinary system for years and not make themselves felt in any way, not provoke the appearance of symptoms or any discomfort.

      Diagnosis of urolithiasis

      The difficulty of diagnosing ICD lies in the need to differentiate it (separation, determination of differences) from many other pathologies, among which are:

    • Presence of stones in the gallbladder;
    • Peptic ulcer in the acute stage;
    • Violation of the course of pregnancy (both during uterine and ectopic development of the fetus);
    • Inflammation of the appendix.
    • Diagnosis of urolithiasis includes:

    • Examination by a specialist and medical history. The urologist will definitely ask the patient when the first symptoms appeared, what their nature and severity were, whether she was treated for urolithiasis previously, whether there were any disorders of the immune system and a number of other questions;
    • Biochemical and general clinical blood test;
    • Laboratory examination of urine. This includes biochemistry, sensitivity to antibacterial drugs, culture, degree of acidity;

    Assessment of the condition of the urinary tract;

  • Kidney research using radioisotope and biochemical techniques;
  • Ultrasound and CT of all parts of the urinary system;
  • A study to determine the degree of stone density;
  • Carrying out urography. It can be carried out by two methods - excretory (a contrast agent is injected) and survey (images of the affected areas are taken).
  • Treatment of urolithiasis, drugs

    A conservative method of treating urolithiasis is carried out taking into account an integrated and systematic approach and involves taking certain medications. Medicines are prescribed depending on the composition of the stones:

    1. Diuretics, anti-inflammatory and diphosphonates (if the detected stones are of phosphate etiology). With this course of ICD, many doctors recommend home treatment with herbs as an auxiliary therapy;
    2. Citrate suppositories, diuretics and vitamins (if stones are of oxalate etiology);
    3. Medicines that slow down the process of urea synthesis. Drugs are also prescribed that change the degree of acidity of urine, which leads to the dissolution of stones (in the presence of stones of urate etiology).
    4. If necessary, relieve pain, for example, with renal colic, you can take antispasmodics and analgesics. To eliminate the infection, the doctor may prescribe antibacterial drugs.

      This treatment method is required only if the urinary tract is completely blocked by large stones. In particularly advanced situations, when treatment of urolithiasis was “postponed for later” or carried out incorrectly at home, part of the kidney tissue is removed along with the stones.

      Common and least traumatic surgical methods for removing stones from the urinary system are endoscopy and laparoscopy.

      Another method of removing stones is lithotripsy; it is prescribed if surgery is contraindicated for the patient. Stones are crushed using ultrasonic waves.

      The main advantages are the complete absence of blood loss and a short rehabilitation period. Using highly sensitive sensors, the exact location of the stones is determined, which subsequently break up and come out on their own.

      Treatment of urolithiasis at home

      Effective treatment of urolithiasis in women at home consists of independently taking medications prescribed by a doctor, vitamin and mineral complexes, performing certain physical exercises, following a drinking regime and an appropriate diet.

      Most commonly prescribed drugs and medications

      from 2800 rub. 2520 rub.

      Gout is a metabolic disease

      Gouty arthritis, that is, inflammation of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe or other joints, is only a manifestation of the disease at its final stage. And it begins, as a rule, with the kidneys. Therefore, it is often preceded by urolithiasis. Poor functioning and weak kidneys lead to stagnation of blood circulation in the legs.

      On the other hand, the excretion of uric acid worsens. The content of uric acid salts in the blood increases. This phenomenon is called hyperuricemia, and the salts of uric acid are called urates. Urate falls out as sharp crystals in the joints, primarily in the big toe joint. This causes inflammation, swelling and pain.

      The Mucus (Bad-kan) system is responsible for the functioning of the kidneys, as well as for the main metabolic processes. Therefore, treatment of gout in Eastern medicine almost always includes methods of influencing this system and restoring its balance.

      Tibetan medicine about gout

      In Tibetan medicine, gout is treated as a disorder of the Bile regulatory system (Mhris-pa - Tib.) or a combined disorder of the Bile and Mucus systems (Bad-kan - Tib.). Unlike ordinary arthritis, it is more complex in nature. The Tibet clinic uses effective methods for treating this disease, which in most cases give positive results - eliminating symptoms and achieving stable remission.

      Pain exacerbations usually occur at night, suddenly. Often, an exacerbation of the disease is preceded by a large dinner with an excess of fatty, meat foods, and alcoholic beverages. Within two to three hours the pain increases and reaches its maximum.

      The skin around the inflamed joint of the big toe turns red and intense swelling forms. The site of inflammation becomes hot, joint mobility is limited. In the area of ​​inflammation, characteristic gouty bumps form. They are called tophi and are explained by the deposition of urates (uric acid salts). This is a typical picture of gouty arthritis.

      Possible accompanying symptoms of gouty arthritis are poor appetite, loss of taste, heartburn, restlessness, irritability, nausea, shortness of breath, high blood pressure (hypertension).

      Exacerbations can be relatively short. In this case, they occur rarely, with long periods of asymptomatic remission. This form of the disease is called premorbid.

      Over time, exacerbations become more frequent and prolonged, and the periods of remission between them become shorter and shorter. With the transition of the recurrent form of the disease to chronic gout, exacerbations can continue for several months.

      The use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic ointments does not affect this process in any way, since it does not affect the cause of the disease. Such symptomatic treatment cannot replace real treatment.

      Inflammation can affect not only the joint, but also the area around it. In this case, gouty periarthritis is diagnosed. Its symptoms resemble classic bursitis (inflammation of the synovial bursa), tendinitis (inflammation of the tendons).

      Gout in women is more often manifested by inflammation of the joints of the hands, knees and other joints. Its symptoms are similar to rheumatoid arthritis.

      Why does gout occur?

      Tibetan medicine views this disease as a consequence of an imbalance in the Bile system. The causes of her disorder are related to poor nutrition. This is long-term abuse of spicy, over-salted, fatty, fried meat dishes, alcoholic beverages, canned meat and fish, smoked meats and sausages.

      The mucus system, which is responsible for metabolism, joints, and kidney function in the body, is also involved in the development of the disease. One of the main causes of her disorder is cooling. This can be prolonged and regular contact with cold water (this is how gouty arthritis of the hands develops in women) or other cooling of the hands. Or the cause may be freezing of the legs or lower back. From the feet, the cold rises along the meridians of the body to the kidneys and there causes pyelonephritis or chronic renal failure. In Tibetan medicine it is called “kidney cold.”

      Due to the fact that gout is a mixed disorder of two systems - Mucus and Bile, it often occurs against the background of atherosclerosis (according to the scenario of heat or cold), hypertension, urolithiasis, diabetes mellitus, obesity. Hereditary factors play a role in the development of this disease.

      Before starting treatment, the doctor finds out the main causes of gout. It depends on this which methods of influence he uses as primary and which as auxiliary. The first thing he does is conduct a comprehensive diagnosis using oriental medicine methods. It includes examination, questioning and pulse examination. Using the pulse, the doctor evaluates the functioning of the kidneys, pancreas, and liver.

      To eliminate acute symptoms, the doctor acts on the area of ​​inflammation with acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and massage. Herbal medicine and individual nutrition correction are prescribed. Pharmaceuticals can also be used, but to a limited extent and not as the main one, but as an auxiliary agent.

      (Elimination of the cause of the disease.)

      Acupuncture on the bioactive points of the liver, kidneys, and pancreas helps normalize the functioning of these organs. At the same time, treatment of concomitant diseases (hypertension, obesity, atherosclerosis, urolithiasis, renal failure, prostatitis, pyelonephritis, diabetes mellitus) is carried out. Purine metabolism improves, the secretion of uric acid is normalized, and the content of uric acid salts in the blood decreases.

      Treatment of gout at the Tibet clinic is carried out using complex therapy, which includes several methods of oriental medicine.

      Tibetan herbal medicines, which are used for gout, have a healing effect on the liver, kidneys, have an anti-inflammatory effect, improve digestion and metabolism. They help normalize cholesterol and glucose levels in the blood, and blood pressure indicators.

      Acupuncture reduces swelling, inflammation and pain in the joint, relieves the symptoms of gout and helps improve metabolic processes in the joint and surrounding tissues. This procedure is also applied to distant bioactive points on the meridians of the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. With its help, the doctor normalizes the functioning of these organs and treats chronic inflammatory processes.

      Acupressure and other types of oriental massage improve blood circulation in the joint area. This helps reduce swelling, inflammation and pain, eliminate congestion and improve metabolism.

      Warming with wormwood cigars and cones in the area of ​​inflammation is not used. Distant bioactive points are heated to improve metabolic processes and kidney function. When fluid (exudate) accumulates in an inflamed joint or synovial bursa, moxotherapy promotes its outflow and reduces swelling.

      Injections of homeopathic medicines into the joint area reduce inflammation and pain, help relieve swelling and other symptoms of gouty arthritis and periarthritis. This procedure complements well acupuncture and acupressure and is used in the complex treatment of gout.

      Treatment with leeches improves blood flow, helps eliminate blood stagnation in the legs and feet, improve metabolic processes, and has an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.

      Complex treatment of gout in Tibet in most cases gives positive results:

      the symptoms of gouty arthritis, periarthritis of any localization are alleviated,

      exacerbations of the disease occur less and less often,

      inflammation, swelling and pain during exacerbations become less intense, and periods of remission become longer and longer,

      the situation with urolithiasis, prostatitis, hypertension, atherosclerosis, gouty nephritis and other concomitant diseases improves,

      Diet for gout is a mandatory treatment method and is carried out individually. Its main task is to eliminate the factors of disorder of the Bile and Mucus systems. This means giving up spicy, fried and overcooked fatty foods, sausages, smoked meats, canned food, offal (kidneys, liver). It is usually recommended to reduce salt intake.

      Legumes (beans, beans, lentils) are not recommended for arthritis in general and gout in particular. Lean poultry (better not red, but white), fish, beef, steamed, boiled, baked or stewed are good options. Seafood, rabbit meat, chicken or quail eggs will also not be harmful. Rich meat, chicken soups and broths are best avoided.

      Since gout is usually a consequence of a bile disorder, split meals are recommended for this disease. Both fasting and overeating should be avoided. You need to eat in small portions, but often - 5-6 times a day. You can drink a lot of liquids. It’s better if it’s water, lingonberry, cranberry fruit drinks, compotes. It is advisable to completely eliminate alcoholic drinks, especially during an exacerbation of gout.

      Some myths about gout

      1. Gout is an exclusively male disease.

      Men are much more likely to get gout, that's a fact. Women are protected from it by hormones - estrogens, which help the body remove uric acid salts. But with a lack of estrogen, a hormonal disorder or in menopause, the incidence of gout among women is almost comparable to that of men.

      The development of gout in women differs in a number of features. First, women have less symptoms of inflammation in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe and other joints of the foot. On the other hand, the joints of the hand (like rheumatoid polyarthritis) and ankle joints become inflamed more often. In men, gout is more often accompanied by urolithiasis, and in women - obesity and hypertension.

      2. Inflammation of the joint at the base of the big toe always means gout.

      Growth and inflammation at the base of the big toe does not necessarily mean gouty arthritis. Its cause may be valgus. It is called a “bunion” and usually occurs in women when wearing tight, uncomfortable shoes, or under heavy loads on the foot. In this case, inflammation of the joint has nothing to do with the deposition of urates, that is, uric acid salts. Other possible causes of arthritis of the big toe are an infectious disease, injury, or an autoimmune process (rheumatoid arthritis).

      Salt deposition can occur not only in the foot, but also in other joints, even in the spine. One example is the signs and treatment of neck gout.

      3. Drinking beer is good for gout.

      Beer has a diuretic effect. Related to this is the belief that it “flushes the kidneys” and is useful for gout. Actually this is not true. Drinking any alcohol with this disease is not recommended. Beer also contains a large amount of purines, which promotes the deposition of urates. Therefore, beer is not only not useful, but, on the contrary, harmful for gout.

      4. Gout is a sign of genius.

      Many brilliant people suffered from gouty arthritis. This is because urates have a stimulating effect on the brain, similar to caffeine. Constant stimulation of the brain causes its increased activity. During creative work it acts as a stimulant. But the connection between gout and genius is limited to this. However, it gave rise to the non-scientific term “gouty genius,” which has nothing to do with medicine.

      5. It is useless to treat gout.

      This myth stems from the fact that in Western Europe, attempts to treat this disease were generally unsuccessful. This went on for centuries. However, effective treatments for gout do exist. They are used by oriental medicine, which affects the cause of the metabolic disorder, and not just the symptoms of gouty arthritis in the acute stage. This approach shows good results at the Tibet clinic, which is confirmed by objective data. This may be the answer to the question of where to treat gout in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

      Categories : Legs

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