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A bone fracture is a complete or partial violation of its anatomical integrity. This situation occurs when a load exceeds several times the strength of the injured area.
There are many reasons for a fracture, but they can all be divided into two main groups:
In case of injury, the severity of the victim’s condition and the clinical picture are determined by the number and size of the damaged bones.
If, as a result of exposure to traumatic factors, damage to the tubular bones occurs, then, as a rule, this is accompanied by massive blood loss and the development of a traumatic shock clinic.
After such serious injuries, patients recover very slowly; the treatment and rehabilitation process can take several months.
The pain syndrome that occurs after an injury is one of the most negative factors.
Pain is an evolutionarily formed protective mechanism from the effects of damaging objects or diseases.
But, despite its important function, it not only causes psychological and emotional discomfort to a person, but also affects the processes of regeneration of damaged tissues.
When a fracture occurs, two types of pain occur: a distinction is made between “primary” and “secondary” pain , each of which has its own time and place of occurrence and differs in the nature of the sensations.
The whole complex of pain during a bone fracture can be divided into several main pathophysiological units:
The nature of the body's functional response to pain during fractures depends on the nature of the pain and its location.
If the victim has an open fracture, then from the skin and muscle receptors, information about tissue damage along afferent pathways reaches certain segments of the spinal cord, where further formation of ascending signals to various parts of the brain occurs.
When exposed to pain, the patient experiences certain changes in some parameters of the functional state of the neuroendocrine system. After receiving a signal about a fracture, the adrenocorticotropic and somatotropic functions of the pituitary gland provide an adequate hormonal response to the adrenal cortex. In the blood of the victim immediately after the injury, the concentration of catecholamines sharply increases, the level of blood glucose rises, and the concentration of the hormone insulin decreases. As a reaction to injury, the concentration of somatotropic and adrenocorticotropic hormones in the blood increases.
Pain syndrome during fractures very often causes a disturbance in the general condition of the victim.
Effective pain management not only alleviates the patient’s physical suffering and improves his psycho-emotional state, but also prevents hemodynamic disorders, gas exchange and metabolism.
When a traumatic factor impacts a bone, the victim experiences sharp pain at a certain point of injury. Swelling and hemorrhages occur in the surrounding soft tissues, and a change in the mobility and shape of the injured limb is possible.
The victim can sometimes hear the crunching of damaged bones at the time of injury.
There are several ways to relieve pain after bone fractures:
They are one of the main methods of treating pain from bone fractures. Although they have a number of side effects, they provide the most adequate pain relief.
Most often from this group it is used for bone fractures:
Narcotic analgesics can only be used in a hospital setting, since these medications require special accounting and write-off.
They are usually used in the most severe cases, with multiple fractures with damage to soft tissues and internal organs.
These drugs can be used in the early period after minor surgical interventions. Painkillers for fractures have little analgesic activity and may not be effective in the most severe cases.
Although the patient can buy many of the drugs in this group at a regular pharmacy, they must be used strictly as prescribed by the doctor, since each drug has its own contraindications and side effects .
Tablets for fractures from the metamizole group are used extremely rarely at the present stage of medical development, only in the most exceptional cases. Studies have proven the toxic effect of analgin on the liver.
The most common tablets used for bone fractures are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Nurofen is widely used in traumatology, and sometimes stronger drugs are Nise and Ketanov.
Ointments can be used locally: “Ketanal”, “Nise”, “Anesthetic ointment”.
For injuries to large skeletal bones, for example, a broken leg, not only painkillers are used, but also tablets containing calcium and chondroprotectors. These products promote good tissue nutrition and rapid regeneration.
A foot fracture is the destruction of one or more bones in the foot. The foot consists of 26 small bones. The tarsus is the name given to the seven bones that make up the back and midfoot. The foot consists of five metatarsals and 14 phalanges - two phalanges in the big toe and three in each of the other toes. A fracture can occur in any bone in the foot, but metatarsal fractures are the most common.
A foot fracture is a common injury. According to statistics, it occurs in 2.5-10% of cases of all injuries to human bones. It is a serious enough injury that it can deprive a person of the ability to move for the rest of his life.
The cause of a foot fracture is a bone injury, which occurs due to a number of factors:
In addition to these reasons, when bone is exposed to stress for a long time, small cracks can form in it. This is called a stress fracture and the metatarsals and talus are at higher risk for this type of fracture.
Symptoms include:
Swelling of the injured area and pain are the very first symptoms indicating that a foot fracture is possible.
The pain can be so severe that the person cannot move. Bruising may also occur in the area of injury. A displaced fracture is characterized by a change in the shape of the foot.
As with most fractures, the leading symptom is severe pain. Depending on the location of the injury, it can be expressed both at rest and directly during movement (walking, trying to turn the foot, when pressing on the area of injury, etc.).
A fracture of the navicular bone of the foot occurs as a result of direct impact. Often the injury is accompanied by damage to other bones. Symptoms:
To confirm a fracture of the navicular bone of the foot, X-ray examination is recommended.
When diagnosing a foot injury, the doctor conducts an examination and conversation with the patient, and takes an X-ray of the broken limb. Osteoscintigraphy, ultrasound, and computed tomography are rarely used in this case. Once a fracture has been diagnosed, treatment is prescribed, which depends on its type and which bone is broken.
The method of treatment for this type of injury depends on which of the 26 bones of the foot is broken and what type of fracture it is.
Minor fractures can be treated by reducing the load on the leg, which is achieved by fixing the foot. The injured limb is fixed using special shoes and a bandage. Reducing physical activity can also be achieved with the help of crutches and temporary restriction of the patient’s physical activity.
Rehabilitation may last several months. The bones of the toes fuse faster than all other bones. Complications after a foot fracture are quite rare. However, even these few cases of complications can be avoided if all doctor’s prescriptions are followed promptly and accurately.
This article talks about ways to reduce swelling in a broken leg. The medications and home remedies used are described.
Any fracture is accompanied not only by a violation of the integrity of the bone, but also by external symptoms. In particular, this is swelling of the limb. It causes certain inconvenience to a person, especially if a plaster cast is used as treatment. How to relieve leg swelling after a fracture using various methods?
Traumatic swelling occurs with any fracture. Its appearance is due to the following factors:
Swelling can spread far beyond the fracture (photo).
Removing swelling after a broken leg is carried out simultaneously with the treatment of the injury itself.
The presence of swelling is taken into account when applying plaster. If you apply a plaster cast to a leg with severe swelling, after it subsides, the plaster will weaken and will not have a therapeutic effect.
How to relieve leg swelling after a fracture? Various methods are used for this – from taking medications to traditional medicine.
Medicines used to reduce swelling are taken orally and applied to the skin.
Table. Drugs to eliminate edema.
You can purchase these medications at any pharmacy. The price of different products varies quite a lot, you can choose the most optimal one.
How to relieve swelling in the leg after a fracture using physiotherapeutic techniques?
As an additional remedy to medications, the doctor must prescribe physical therapy for fractures:
These methods help improve microcirculation in the fracture area and strengthen the vascular wall. Due to this, swelling is reduced and pain is relieved, and bone regeneration occurs quickly.
Massaging the injured limb has an effect similar to physiotherapy. Muscle relaxation occurs and vascular spasm is eliminated. Blood circulation in the damaged area is restored. A specialist will tell you more about the technique of massage for a fracture in the video in this article.
How to relieve swelling of the legs after a fracture using folk remedies?
For this purpose, you can use several recipes.
Important! Folk remedies should be used carefully, as an allergic reaction may occur.
Knowing how to relieve leg swelling after a fracture can significantly improve a person’s well-being.
A fracture is a very common injury, and the healing process of a broken bone can take a long time. Therefore, it will be useful for many to know how to speed it up by using calcium supplements for bone fractures. Fracture is a complete or partial damage to the integrity of the bones. Such an injury can occur under various circumstances: blows, falls, strong pressure. In some cases, a bone fracture may be accompanied by ruptures of muscle tissue in the damaged area, as well as damage to nerve endings and blood vessels.
Regardless of the location of the injury and the severity, any such injury requires only qualified treatment under the supervision of doctors. This process takes a lot of time, so in order for the bones to heal faster, special medications are prescribed for fractures to quickly heal the bones.
The fracture heals completely individually for each person. The speed of recovery depends on the following factors:
The following reasons can slow down the healing process:
Also, the rate of fusion can noticeably decrease when using hormonal drugs and painkillers. Therefore, if a woman experiences a fracture during pregnancy, it is very important that she takes only those medications that the doctor has approved and prescribed. It is very important to undergo a recovery course under the supervision of qualified medical staff who know exactly how to speed up bone fusion with maximum efficiency and without unpleasant consequences. They will prescribe complex therapy based on the individual characteristics of the victim, the type and severity of the injury.
When you receive a fracture, the first symptom is severe pain in the damaged area, which intensifies when you move the injured limb. Swelling of the soft tissues in this area due to rupture of blood vessels is also observed. At the time of the incident, timely provision of first aid plays an important role, since if you do not go to the hospital, the injury may develop complications, and the victim may receive a painful shock.
It is important to know what to do to provide first aid:
The primary goal during treatment of a fracture is to save the patient’s limb and restore its functionality so that he does not lose his ability to work. Based on the individual characteristics of the human body, it is determined what medications need to be taken and the optimal course of therapy. Treatment of a fracture is carried out in one of 3 ways:
In certain cases, these methods can be combined, depending on the situation and type of damage. During treatment, various medications are used for fractures: antibiotics, calcium tablets, anti-inflammatory medications and other drugs for healing bones in fractures.
Calcium preparations for fractures help speed up healing, which usually takes a considerable amount of time. The period of bone recovery after a fracture depends on the location of the damage, timely reposition of fragments and immobilization. The age of the victim also plays an important role; in older people, bones heal much longer, so they are recommended to use special preparations for bone healing during a fracture.
Also of great importance is the patient’s health status, and the possible presence of other associated diseases, which can affect how long it takes for a broken bone to heal. In young people, bones grow together much faster, since their bodies still have enough essential vitamins and cells that promote bone tissue regeneration.
Any medical drug, including tablets for fractures, should be selected and prescribed only by a qualified employee of a medical institution.
Calcium gluconate for bone fractures is often prescribed during the formation of callus in order to accelerate the formation of cartilage in the healing area. It contributes very well to the nutrition of bone tissue and regulates the density of the new bone structure. This significantly speeds up the patient's recovery time.
To ensure recovery takes much less time, you need to remember to take calcium for bone fractures, preparations of which can be purchased at any pharmacy.
Contraindications to calcium can only be in those patients who have hypersensitivity to it. Then a slightly different medicine with vitamin D or fish oil is prescribed, which should also be taken to help speed up the healing of the fracture.
If the victim has an open fracture, there is a high risk of complications, such as osteomyelitis. Then patients need to undergo a course of immunomodulator therapy. In some cases, to accelerate bone healing, patients are prescribed to use anabolic steroids.
For bone healing in case of a fracture of an arm, leg and other parts of the body, it is recommended to drink mumiyo in tablets. This is a general strengthening remedy that promotes rapid recovery after various injuries. In order for the fracture to heal in the shortest period and with the highest quality, it is important to drink drugs that contain biologically active elements (vitamins, minerals), mumiyo is considered to be such a remedy.
Research by scientists has proven that if a person drinks this remedy during recovery from a fracture, healing is 15-20 days faster. Thanks to this drug, bones will heal much faster, regardless of the severity of the injury. It promotes the formation of callus and supplies the body with all the necessary components throughout the entire time the bone grows together.
This drug can be taken at home on your own; it not only affects how quickly the bone heals, but also actively supports the condition of the entire body as a whole. By taking mummy tablets, a person can observe how his body temperature stabilizes, his appetite increases, and his general condition returns to normal and sleep normalizes.
The course of taking this drug depends on the location of the injury. A person with a broken shoulder or forearm is given one or two courses of treatment. In all other cases, up to 6 courses of treatment are prescribed. After taking this remedy, the healed fracture will be much stronger, and the limb will be able to fully function.
Many people are interested not only in what to do for a speedy recovery when they have broken a limb, but also in how effective medications are to promote speedy healing. For young people, there is no point in spending a lot on such medications, especially if they are at a very young age, since the body should have enough of its own supply of the necessary components. But if there are diseases that prevent the healing of fused bones, then it is important that the doctor select the necessary medications and create a schedule for their use.
To choose a good medicine with anti-edematous and healing properties, it is better to focus on those drugs that have held positions in the pharmaceutical market for a long time. Experienced doctors in the hospital are always aware of all changes in medications, and will definitely recommend the right drug that will really promote healing. Then the fused bone will be complete and will again withstand loads, as before the injury.
Preparations for healing bones during fractures are used to speed up the healing process. They are prescribed by doctors. How to choose the right medicine and how to speed up the healing of a fracture? This will be discussed below when considering such drugs.
In case of fractures, the fusion of damaged ends of bone structures is considered a common biological phenomenon, which in almost 95% of cases ends with the restoration of the integrity of the bone shape and its function. The speed of this process in most cases depends on factors such as the location of the bone tissue rupture, the accuracy of joining the bone parts, the time of fixing the ends in the desired position, the general condition of all systems of the patient’s body, and the presence of various concomitant diseases.
Delayed healing of a fracture can occur for the following reasons:
The healing of fractures largely depends on the method used in treatment. If complex therapy is used, which allows the necessary measures to be taken in several directions, it is possible to achieve a high rate of bone fusion and reduce the time of the rehabilitation process.
It must be remembered that any drug to speed up the process of restoration of bone structures should be prescribed only by a doctor. In some cases, it is possible to use several drugs of this type at once, but they are usually incompatible and can cause irreparable harm if used together without medical supervision.
To strengthen and activate cartilage tissue cells during the formation of callus, doctors usually prescribe drugs that contain chondroitin sulfates and glucosamines (the names of these drugs are “Chondroitin” and “Teraflex”). These substances are the main component of cartilage tissue. The use of such funds usually leads to the following effects:
What to do if the patient has fragile bones? To strengthen them, doctors recommend taking medications that contain calcium. These drugs are used for bone fractures. They make up several groups, which are divided as follows:
A contraindication to the use of such drugs is the patient’s hypersensitivity to calcium itself and an increase in the level of this element in the patient’s blood above the normal level. During a long course of therapy with multivitamins or combination medications, doctors must constantly monitor the patient.
If it is not possible to use calcium supplements together with vitamin D or there are contraindications, then it is possible to use a single drug containing the above component. You can also use fish oil, which contains a metabolite of vitamin D.
Medicines such as “Kalcemin”, “Vitrum osteomag” and others are used.
In order for the fracture to heal well, the patient’s immune system needs help. This is necessary to quickly restore the integrity of bone and soft tissue structures. Immunomodulatory agents are used by doctors when the patient has an open fracture and is at risk of infection of the wound. This is necessary to eliminate phenomena such as post-traumatic osteomyelitis, bone sequestration, or the appearance of symptoms of blood poisoning in the patient.
Therapy with immunomodulatory drugs is often used after implant surgery. These drugs include:
To speed up the process of restoration and regeneration of bone tissue, doctors often recommend that patients use anabolic hormonal drugs such as Retabolil and Methandrostenolone. It is possible to use other products from this group: Rumalon and aloe extract.
After the bone heals, the plaster is removed. The patient is referred by doctors for physical therapy. The following treatment methods are used:
At the same time, to reduce swelling and increase blood supply to the fused parts, various ointments, creams, and gels are used. Drugs in this group include drugs such as:
When treating bone fractures, you can use the above drugs, but it must be taken into account that only a doctor can prescribe their correct dosage.
Self-prescription and use of such drugs is not recommended, as this can lead to unwanted complications.
A leg fracture is an injury to one or more bones of the lower limb, with a violation of their integrity. Such injuries are very common, their prevalence among the total mass of fractures is 45%.
First of all, injury is the result of careless movement on the street or around the house.
The second most common cause of injury to the lower extremities is road accidents and falls from a height.
Industrial accidents and criminal incidents remain in third place.
The cause can also be diseases that a person already has, and a fracture can occur as a result of even a slight load on the limb. For example, the risk of injury increases in people with osteoporosis.
The risk of injury increases in the following category of people: athletes, due to their professional activities; children, due to their high mobility and carelessness; pensioners, due to age-related changes occurring in the structure of the bones.
The severity of symptoms will depend on the nature of the injury and its severity.
The most common signs include:
Feeling of pain. If the leg is immobilized, then it is dull and aching. When you try to move a limb or lean on it, the pain becomes sharp and throbbing.
Limb mobility is limited.
After a short time, swelling and hematoma will appear near the injury site.
Crepitation, which occurs due to friction of fragments against each other.
A crunch that occurs immediately at the moment of damage.
Sometimes the leg is mobile in the place where there are no joints. But this symptom may not manifest itself. More often it is observed with trauma to the tubular bones.
If the fracture is open, then the bone will be visible, which has broken through the soft tissues, muscles and skin.
If bone displacement has occurred, bone fragments can be felt.
Unnatural leg position.
Shortening of a limb due to muscles “pulled up” to the site of the tragedy.
If the patella is broken, swelling will form almost instantly, and it will be impossible to bend or straighten the leg. At the same time, if the fragments have not separated by more than half a centimeter, then the function of supporting the leg will not be lost.
If the foot is injured, you will not be able to stand on your leg; swelling will appear, but, as a rule, it is not as pronounced as in the area of the patella.
The appearance of swelling after a leg injury is a completely natural phenomenon. Sometimes swelling occurs immediately, sometimes after time, but there are no fractures without swelling. Its formation occurs due to the fact that normal blood flow in the injured area is sharply disrupted.
Sometimes the swelling does not go away for a long period of time and may be accompanied by painful sensations. Often such prolonged swelling is caused by injury to ligaments, muscle tissue and tendons.
Swelling may persist even after the cast has been removed and bone fusion is complete. This often occurs due to stagnation of lymph, which is why this phenomenon is called lymphostasis. This is a rather serious complication that can lead to the development of a number of diseases: tissue fibrosis, the appearance of cysts, and the formation of ulcers. If the patient notices swelling that does not go away for a long time, then it is necessary to consult a doctor.
Modern treatment methods, using various drugs and carrying out a variety of procedures, perfectly help get rid of congestion in the limb. UV irradiation, hydromassage, electrical muscle stimulation, phonophoresis and electrophoresis will help.
There is no single classification, since there are certain indicators on which one or another type of fracture depends.
Therefore, depending on the severity of the injury, the following injuries are distinguished:
Complete and incomplete fractures. In this case, there are complete ones with displacement of fragments and without displacement.
Open injuries of the lower limb. They are characterized by damage to the skin, with the release of bone into the external environment.
Closed leg injuries. They are localized inside soft tissues.
With complications such as fat embolism, infection, traumatic shock or injury to other organs.
Uncomplicated, proceeding relatively easily.
Depending on the location of the injury, we can distinguish:
Injuries to the femoral bone, which include injuries to the proximal end, diaphyseal fractures and fractures of the femoral condyles. The latter are called a fracture of the distal end of the bone.
Injuries to the lower leg, which include injuries to the condyles of the tibia, injuries of a distal nature, with fractures of both bones of the lower leg and injuries to the ankles.
Damage to the foot, which affects the tarsus, metatarsal bones and phalanges of the fingers.
Depending on the features of the fracture line, the following injuries are distinguished:
If the line is located transversely to the bone - transverse fractures.
If the line is at an angle to the bone - oblique fractures.
If the line runs along the bone - longitudinal fractures.
If the line goes in a spiral - helical fractures.
When fractures are with fragments, they can be classified as follows:
An avulsion injury is referred to when a small fragment comes off the bone.
Polyfocal injury - two or more large fragments have come off the bone.
Impact injury. In this case, it means the entry of one fragment into another.
Splintered injury, with the presence of fragments.
Fractured injury, when there are many fragments and they are small.
A compression injury occurs when a limb is compressed.
A closed fracture can be either with displacement of fragments or without displacement. It is much easier to determine the latter than the former, because if movement of the fragments has occurred, then most often this can be seen by the non-standard shape of the leg, which has a deformation.
Symptoms of closed fractures are sometimes similar to the symptoms of severe bruises, but the following signs will help to suspect a fracture:
There was a severe deformation of the leg.
During palpation, a crunching sound is heard, even without using an additional device.
The bone is mobile in the place where the joint is missing.
The final diagnosis can only be made by a doctor after an x-ray examination. At the same time, each person needs to have certain knowledge of how to help a victim with a closed fracture. He needs to be given a painkiller, then his leg should be immobilized. This can be done correctly even without having specialized tires at hand, for example, Kramer or Dichters. All you have to do is find a stick, an umbrella, thick cardboard or some other device of suitable length and strength and tie it to your leg. The fixation should be strong and reliable, but not tight. After carrying out such activities, the victim should be taken to the hospital.
An open injury is always much more dangerous than a closed one. It is accompanied by serious damage not only to bones, but also to tissues. It is not difficult to distinguish an open fracture. Indeed, in addition to constant companions in the form of swelling, hemorrhage and pain, a striking sign is added - the bone will appear outward.
Such an injury requires immediate treatment, as it can even lead to death. An important point is the provision of competent first aid. First, you need to try to reduce the patient’s suffering; to do this, he needs to be given any painkiller available. Then the leg needs to be immobilized. To do this, use a long and hard stick or board. The fixation must be secure so that there is no movement of the bone during transportation. For fastening, it is highly advisable to use, if not sterile, then at least just clean material, so as not to infect the wound. It should be treated around with any antiseptic. The bone cannot be set on your own - this is the prerogative of professionals.
A constant companion to an open injury is bleeding. If it is arterial, when the blood has a bright scarlet color and flows out intensively, then you need to apply a tight tourniquet over the damaged artery. When the bleeding is venous, you can limit yourself to the usual tugging with a bandage, which should be located below the damaged area. Venous blood is darker, and the stream does not pulsate. After that. Once all assistance measures are completed, the injured person must seek qualified help.
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After receiving an injury, undergoing treatment and removing the cast, the leg often refuses to function normally. Therefore, it is necessary to take certain measures aimed at its development.
It pursues the following goals:
Help eliminate muscle atrophy, start restoration processes in damaged and altered blood vessels.
Help your joints work better and become more mobile.
Reduce or completely eliminate swelling.
Restore muscle tone and former elasticity.
The rehabilitation program in each case is drawn up individually, but necessarily includes a set of exercises, diet, visiting a massage room and water procedures, for example, baths with additives.
As simple exercises aimed at restoring limbs, you can choose the following:
While sitting on a chair, you need to rotate your leg in a circle. Movements should be carried out in both the knee and ankle joints. You can start exercising a week after the cast is removed.
The simplest thing you can do is increase your walking time. Hiking will help not only develop the limb, but also saturate the body with oxygen.
Swinging your leg, for this you need to find support for yourself. The back of a chair or just a wall will do. You need to repeat at least 10 times.
Lifting onto your toes and then rolling onto your heels.
In a lying position, perform cross swings with your legs raised. Limbs should not be raised too high.
These exercises should be performed regularly, and within a month a person will feel a significant improvement. The leg will become obedient, capable of taking even greater loads. Therefore, you can start working out in the gym. Pedal the bicycle, no more than 10 minutes are shown to begin with. As your muscles strengthen, you can increase the duration of exercise.
Treatment measures include several successive stages. After the patient is taken to the hospital and the doctor makes an accurate diagnosis, therapy can begin. The course of further medical actions depends on how complex the injury is. It is possible that a plaster cast will be applied immediately, or it is possible that surgical intervention will be required first, with the implantation of metal structures.
No drug therapy is provided. The patient receives painkillers during the main procedures. Sometimes taking calcium supplements is indicated to speed up the fusion of leg bones.
Modern methods of therapy come down to:
Closed reduction of bones.
Carrying out osteosynthesis with minimal incisions.
Further measures will be aimed at restoring leg function and accelerating bone fusion processes.
After a broken leg, a cast is applied in almost 100% of cases.
The length of time it is worn varies and depends on the severity and location of the injury:
If the ankle was broken but not displaced, the cast will have to be worn for 3.5 to 7 weeks. The period will be longer if the inner part of the ankle is affected. If displacement is observed, you can spend up to 3 months in a cast. When the tibia is included in the fracture, the leg will be immobilized for almost 4 months.
If the lower leg was broken, but there was no displacement, the plaster will remain on the victim for 3 months. If there is a displacement, then you can be in a state of immobilization for a month more.
When a non-displaced foot fracture occurs, a cast will be applied for 1.5 months, in the presence of displacement for 12 weeks.
The phalanges of the fingers heal faster than the other bones of the leg, so they will be cast in about 2 weeks.
These terms are very conditional and can vary with deviations up or down.
Author of the article: Kaplan Alexander Sergeevich, traumatologist, orthopedist