Thrombosis of the lower extremities is a very insidious disease. This is due to the fact that symptoms do not always appear immediately, and even if they do occur, patients prefer to ignore them. But the recovery and future life of a person depends on the timeliness of therapy.
Vein thrombosis in the legs is an acute illness that is caused by the blood in the veins coagulating, which leads to the formation of clots. Because of this, the patency of blood in the lumens of the canals is disrupted. By the way, you need to distinguish between this disease and thrombophlebitis. The second refers to inflammatory processes in the vessels of the circulatory system. They are provoked by various factors that lead to problems with the integrity of the endogenous layer of veins.
The manifestation of thrombosis in the legs is associated with various factors. These include:
A large volume of blood stagnates in them. Because of this, the walls of the blood vessels stretch and become reservoirs that are filled with blood. If the blood cells do not move, they gradually stick together and then become covered with fibrin fibers.
This includes erythremia. This is a disease in which the number of red blood cells increases, causing the blood to become thicker. You also need to take into account the presence of thrombophilia. This is a disease in which the concentration of platelets increases, so that the likelihood of blood clots forming in the legs increases. Both thrombophilia and erythremia can be either congenital or provoked by hypertension or various autoimmune reactions.
They suggest the development of such ailments as tonsillitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia, mumps, and sepsis. Viral and bacterial agents can damage the walls and lining of veins. Because of this, substances are activated that provoke the formation of blood clots.
They can also provoke vascular thrombosis. For example, this applies to fractures, bruises, frostbite, and burns. Surgical intervention also needs to be taken into account. With such exposure, the walls of blood vessels can be damaged, the level of blood clotting increases, and due to bandages, blood circulation slows down.
An example is lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic vasculitis. With such ailments, the human body produces antibodies that attack red blood cells and the membrane of the inner wall of the veins. Because of this, blood clots appear on the leg, arm and other places.
An allergic reaction provokes complex processes in the human body, due to which substances that activate white blood cells are released into the blood.
For example, this applies to diabetes and obesity. Due to metabolic disorders, the concentration of fibrinogen and fibrin increases. These are substances that bind the cellular structures of the blood, forming a blood clot. In addition, adipose tissue produces leptin. This is a hormonal compound that causes platelets to stick together.
They also affect the legs and the blood vessels in them. This usually applies to ailments such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia, heart rhythm problems, and varicose veins. Due to such diseases, blood circulation slows down, which leads to stagnation in the veins.
In this case, this applies to bronchial asthma and obstructive bronchitis in chronic form. Due to lack of oxygen, disturbances in the functioning of the heart muscle occur. Because of this, blood flow deteriorates, and this in turn provokes stagnation of the vessels of the lower extremities.
Due to cancerous tumors, the body intensively produces cellular structures that are responsible for blood clotting.
In addition, factors that provoke the development of thrombosis are identified. For example, this applies to the following:
All these factors influence the patient's condition.
Symptoms of leg thrombosis depend on which vein is damaged. Most often these are deep veins in the legs. The first signs are the appearance of swelling.
Thrombosis in the leg at the initial stage
The skin in the place where the blood clot is located begins to turn pale, red, and then blue. In addition, indirect signs of thrombosis must also be taken into account. Mild pain appears in the lower extremities, especially near the calf muscles. There is a feeling of heaviness and heat - the affected limb is very hot to the touch.
Thrombosis in a man's leg
Sometimes a blood clot causes discomfort and even severe pain. It is difficult for a person to move; any movement causes pain. With severe swelling, the patient cannot move his toes.
Blood clot in a young woman's leg
Depending on the location of the blood clot, the lower leg, ankle, and thigh swell. It must be taken into account that the higher the blood clot is located on the lower limb, the greater the risk that it will come off. But quite often this disease develops without visible signs, which leads to severe complications. Because of this, the likelihood of death increases.
Advanced form of thrombosis of the lower extremities
When diagnosing diseases of the lower extremities, the symptoms must be taken into account. In addition, duplex scanning is performed - this is the main method for determining such a disease. If there are doubts about the results of this study, then additional radiopaque venography is performed. In addition, CT and MR angiography are prescribed.
If there is a possibility that severe complications will develop, then additional procedures are performed. For example, if thromboembolism of a pulmonary artery is suspected, an x-ray examination of the lung is prescribed - scintigraphy using radioactive markers. Sometimes electrocardiography and echocardiography are prescribed.
Leg thrombosis can cause various complications. The most dangerous thing is the rupture of a blood clot with the further development of pulmonary embolism. This will be fatal, especially if the thromboembolism becomes massive. Another complication is respiratory failure. Chronic venous insufficiency leads to various complications, which within three years make patients disabled in 40-65% of cases.
Every person with such a serious disease should know how to treat thrombosis. It is necessary to adhere to bed rest for the first few days to prevent the blood clot from breaking off. All medications will be prescribed by the doctor. The following tools are usually used:
An example of such a drug is heparin. This drug reduces the activity of white blood cells and accelerates the process of antithrombin synthesis. This is a substance that helps keep the blood fluid and prevents it from thickening. When using heparin or other drugs from the group of direct anticoagulants, it is necessary to monitor the patient's condition every 4 hours and check the level of blood clotting to prevent internal bleeding.
By the way, low-molecular-weight heparin is now used, since it is more convenient to use and is better absorbed. For example, fraxiparin, fragmin, clexane are used.
Examples of such drugs are Coumadin and warfarin. Such medications interfere with the synthesis of prothrombin, which provokes the formation of blood clots. In addition, they affect vitamin K. The medicine is taken once a day. By the way, it is not recommended to take indirect anticoagulants with heparin, aspirin or other blood thinners, as the risk of bleeding increases.
Thrombosis is treated using urokinase or streptokinase. These products can dissolve blood clots. Enzyme preparations act on fibrin fibers, dissolving them, so that the blood clot gradually dissolves. In addition, this group of medications prevents the activation of substances that affect blood clotting.
For example, these are reosorbilact, refortan, reopolyglucin. Such agents improve blood flow through the capillaries, reduce blood viscosity, and prevent platelets from accumulating and forming clots. Thanks to them, the blood becomes more liquid.
Usually drugs from the group of non-steroidal drugs are prescribed. For example, ketoprofen or diclofenac are suitable. Thanks to them, inflammation in the vessel wall decreases, pain in the legs goes away. In addition, the risk of blood clots sticking together is reduced (albeit only slightly). NSAIDs are allowed to be used for no more than 1.5-2 weeks.
Treatment of thrombosis of the lower extremities can be carried out not only with the help of pharmaceuticals.
To prevent swelling, pain, discomfort, and improve vascular function, the affected limb must be properly bandaged. This procedure should be performed in the morning while in bed. The length of the bandage is 3 m and the width is 0.1 m. You need to start the procedure with your fingers. The tension should be medium. Each next layer is located on the one that is located in front of it. The bandage should be removed before going to bed.
Instead of bandaging, you can use special stockings or compression socks. They are selected depending on the size. You also need to put it on in the morning.
Nutrition for thrombosis of the veins of the lower extremities should be focused on reducing the patient’s weight, reducing the blood clotting parameter and strengthening the walls of the blood vessels of the circulatory system. To do this, you need to follow a number of rules.
Firstly, it is recommended to drink at least 2 liters of water, decoctions, tea, compotes, and juices per day. Secondly, be sure to eat foods that contain plant fiber. For example, you need to include more fruits and vegetables in your diet. Bran is also very useful. Thirdly, it is recommended to consume foods containing antioxidant compounds. They protect the inner layers of the walls of blood vessels. For example, substances with ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, and vitamin E are very useful.
Flavonoids strengthen the walls of blood vessels and the heart muscle. They are found in products that contain rutin and hesperidin. To produce elastin and strengthen blood vessels, a normal level of copper in the body is necessary. Garlic, onions, ginger, cranberries, and blueberries are very useful.
Some products will have to be completely or partially abandoned. For example, this applies to confectionery products, cream, fatty dairy and fermented milk products, sausages, scrambled eggs and other food products. Alcoholic drinks are strictly prohibited.
By the way, traditional medicine recipes are also very useful. For example, white acacia, verbena, hop cones, honey, and onion juice are used.
Surgery is prescribed in some cases. Firstly, when the walls of blood vessels become inflamed near the blood clot. Secondly, if there is a possibility that the blood clot will break off and begin to move up the veins. Surgery cannot be performed in the acute stage of the disease, as well as in infectious processes, diseases of the heart and circulatory system. The operation can be of several types. In the first case, paper clips are placed to hold the blood clot. In the second case, the clot is removed from the vein.
With thrombosis of the legs, there is a chance that a blood clot will break off and enter the arteries of the lungs. In addition, there is a risk of developing other complications. This disease is very dangerous for humans, so it is necessary to treat it as quickly as possible. To do this, you should not ignore your own condition, but immediately go to the hospital. Only a qualified doctor can prescribe appropriate treatment.
Varicose veins or varicose veins are dilation of superficial veins associated with insufficient venous valves and impaired blood flow. This disease is the most common vascular pathology among people of working age.
Traditionally, risk factors for the development and progression of the disease have been identified. Heredity and its contribution to the occurrence of varicose veins have not been clearly proven. It has been noted that in some families, varicose veins constantly occur over generations, but it is currently believed that nutritional factors, lifestyle features, and conditions associated with changes in the hormonal cycle play a predominant role in the onset of the disease.
Obesity is one of the main risk factors for developing the disease. Moreover, the incidence of varicose veins increases with increasing severity of obesity. Obesity is often accompanied by an immobile or sedentary lifestyle and poor nutrition. The diet of the population of industrialized countries is currently dominated by highly processed products, but there remains insufficient consumption of plant fibers, which are found in raw vegetables and fruits. Plant fibers are necessary to strengthen the vascular wall, in addition, they prevent chronic constipation, which, in turn, leads to increased intra-abdominal pressure and the formation of varicose veins.
We must not forget about the improper organization of the labor process. Often, we spend most of our working time in a sitting or standing position, and this is very bad for the valvular apparatus of the veins. Also unfavorable is hard work associated with a sharp (jerky) load on the lower limbs, for example, when lifting heavy objects. In our dynamic times, long flights or transfers are not uncommon, which are accompanied by stagnation of blood in the veins of the legs and are also a risk factor for the development of venous diseases.
Adhering to fashion trends, many do not think that tight underwear leads to compression of the veins at the level of the inguinal folds, and corsets increase intra-abdominal pressure, so it is not recommended to wear them all the time. Also, do not forget about the dangers of wearing high-heeled shoes with uncomfortable arch supports.
Repeated pregnancies are also a proven risk factor for the development of venous diseases. An enlarged uterus increases intra-abdominal pressure, and a hormone such as progesterone has an adverse effect on the vein wall, destroying the collagen and elastic fibers it contains. Some diseases, such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, occur with changes in hormonal status. At the same time, the risk of varicose veins increases sharply.
Speaking about the reasons leading to the expansion of veins, it is necessary to dwell on the structure of the veins of the lower extremities. There are a system of superficial veins (great and small saphenous veins), a system of deep veins (deep veins of the leg and thigh) and communicant or perforating veins that connect the superficial and deep veins. Under normal conditions, the outflow of blood in the leg area occurs through the system of deep (90%) and superficial veins (10%). In order for blood to move towards the heart, and not in the opposite direction, there are valves in the walls of the veins, which, when closed, prevent blood from moving from top to bottom under the influence of gravity. In addition, muscle contractions are of great importance, which also contributes to normal blood flow. The worst conditions for the movement of blood are provided by standing in the complete absence or insufficiently active muscle contractions. At the same time, the blood stagnates, the pressure in the veins increases and they expand. Insufficiency of the valve apparatus is formed, when the valve flaps do not close completely, and improper movement of blood from the heart is formed.
Valve insufficiency in varicose veins.
The valves of the deep vein system are especially quickly affected, as they experience maximum stress. Due to abnormal blood flow, overload of the deep veins with additional blood volume develops. To reduce excess pressure, blood is discharged through the system of communicating veins into the superficial veins, which, in turn, are not designed to transport a large volume of blood. As a result, their walls become overstretched with the formation of characteristic varicose veins. But the increased volume of blood continues to flow into the deep veins, and insufficiency of the valves of the communicating veins is formed with the presence of unimpeded horizontal blood flow in the direction of both deep and superficial vessels. In the end, chronic venous insufficiency is formed with swelling, pain and trophic ulcers.
As you can guess from the name, the main visible sign of varicose veins is a sac-like or cylindrical expansion of the superficial veins.
Varicose veins on the legs.
They become convoluted and protrude above the surface of the skin in the area of the legs and feet. Varicose veins are most pronounced after heavy or prolonged physical activity. Very often, dilated veins appear at a young age, in women - during or after pregnancy.
At the early stage of varicose veins, symptoms are few and nonspecific. All the signs of this stage are combined into “heavy leg syndrome” . At the same time, you are concerned about increased fatigue, a feeling of heaviness in the legs, burning, bloating, the severity of which is maximum after physical activity. Transient swelling and aching pain along the veins may also occur. This is characterized by slight swelling of the ankles and dorsum of the foot, which occurs in the evening, especially after prolonged static load. A characteristic sign of edema is that in the morning it goes away without a trace. The presence of visible dilated veins is not necessary for this stage. As a rule, most patients with varicose veins noted the presence of certain signs at the onset of the disease. Therefore, timely contact with a specialist, even at the initial stage of the disease, will prevent further development of the disease.
Varicose veins develop slowly, sometimes over decades. In case of inadequate treatment, chronic venous insufficiency forms as the disease progresses.
Particular attention should be paid to considering the issue of “spider veins” as an important symptom of venous insufficiency. “Spider veins” are a web of capillaries dilated by more than 0.1 mm, visible through the skin.
As a rule, women regard these “stars” as a cosmetic defect; men simply do not notice. Indeed, in some cases these are manifestations of dishormonal disorders, abuse of the sauna, solarium, while avoiding high temperatures and eliminating hormonal imbalances (for example, the use of oral contraceptives) will completely cure the disease. But, in most cases, the appearance of “spider veins” is the first and perhaps the only sign of congestion of the superficial veins and the development of varicose veins. Therefore, even if there is a small area of the expanded capillary network, consultation with a specialist is necessary.
Varicose veins are not only a cosmetic problem, but also a dangerous disease, primarily due to its complications. With improper or untimely treatment, such dangerous conditions as thrombosis and thrombophlebitis, as well as bleeding from dilated veins, develop. Thrombosis (complete or partial closure of the lumen of a vein with a blood clot) or thrombophlebitis (inflammatory disease of the venous wall due to thrombosis) occurs suddenly and is not associated with physical activity. The swelling rapidly spreads to the lower limb, which is accompanied by unbearable bursting pain. Redness or bluish discoloration and local soreness of the skin may occur. If a blood clot breaks off, it enters the blood vessels of the lungs with the bloodstream, and in the case of complete or partial closure of the vessel, it can lead to a serious illness - pulmonary embolism. This complication is often fatal. If you suspect these complications of varicose veins, you must immediately take a horizontal position, raise your leg up, and contact emergency medical help by phone. You cannot squeeze your leg muscles, use ointments, or step on your leg.
Injury to the area of dilated vessels is also considered dangerous, as severe bleeding may occur. In this case, you urgently need to apply a tourniquet (medical or improvised) to the leg above the bleeding site, strong enough to stop the bleeding. It is also necessary to urgently call an ambulance team.
If at least one of the above signs is detected, it is necessary to examine a phlebologist - a specialist in vein diseases and, if necessary, consult other specialists, for example, a vascular surgeon, therapist, gynecologist.
When you see your doctor, you will likely be asked to:
Treatment of varicose veins is a complex process, the duration of which directly depends on the stage of the disease. Therapeutic measures are divided into surgical and conservative (non-surgical).
Non-surgical treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities gives good results only at the onset of the disease, when skin manifestations are not very pronounced and only moderately reduce the ability to work. Conservative therapy is also indicated in the presence of contraindications to surgical treatment. In addition, these methods must be used in the postoperative period to prevent relapse of the disease.
Conservative treatment includes reducing the severity of risk factors, adequate physical activity, elastic compression, medications and physical therapy. The use of these measures together guarantees a good result. Together with a specialist, it is necessary to identify risk factors for varicose veins, for example, obesity, taking oral contraceptives, improper physical activity, and try to influence them.
People who have risk factors for the development of varicose veins, including hereditary predisposition, even in the absence of symptoms of the disease, need to consult a phlebologist at least twice a year with mandatory ultrasound examination of the veins of the lower extremities.
In the absence of complications (thrombosis or thrombophlebitis), it is necessary to regularly train the veins of the lower extremities. Recommended: keep your feet in an elevated position for as long as possible, use comfortable shoes. Walking, swimming, cycling, jogging are preferred. Physical activity (except swimming) should be carried out under conditions of elastic compression. Participation in sports that are traumatic for the lower extremities is contraindicated, as well as in the case of predominant loads on the lower extremities: football, basketball, volleyball, tennis, alpine skiing, various types of martial arts, exercises associated with lifting weights. At home, after consultation with a specialist, you can perform several simple exercises .
Before class, you need to lie down for a couple of minutes, keeping your legs in an elevated position to prepare the body for the exercises. The pace and speed of exercises are individual, in accordance with physical capabilities. When conducting physical education, the main thing is regularity.
In a lying position.
1 "Bicycle". The back and lower back are pressed tightly to the floor, we turn the pedals.
2. "Vertical scissors". Arm along the body, cross the legs like scissors.
3. We work with the feet. In a lying position, we bend and unbend, making circular movements in the ankle joints.
While standing, as well as sitting at your desk, you can perform the following exercises. We repeat each exercise 20 times
1. Lifting (socks together). Socks are parallel, pressed against each other. We rise on our toes, freeze in this position for a few seconds, and lower ourselves to the floor.
2. Lifting (toes apart). Heels together, toes apart. We rise on our toes, then lower ourselves to the floor.
3. Raise (heels apart). Toes together, heels apart. The movements are carried out as in the previous exercises.
It is recommended to use a contrast shower several times a day. Massage your feet alternately with cold and warm streams of water for about 5 minutes each.
Elastic compression is a method of treating varicose veins through elastic bandaging or the use of medical knitwear. This creates a dosed compression of the muscles. This promotes better blood flow through the veins and prevents congestion. By artificially maintaining “tone,” the veins stop expanding, preventing thrombosis.
At all stages of development of varicose veins, the use of phlebotonic drugs is recommended. Their action is aimed at strengthening the vein wall. Today, drugs such as Detralex, Cyclo 3 Fort, Ginkor-fort, Troxevasin, Anavenol, Aescusan, Asklezan, Antistax, Phlebodia 600 are used. The course of treatment is long, 6 months or more. Also indicated are drugs that reduce blood viscosity - antiplatelet agents (aspirin, chimes), anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac).
No folk remedies, meaning medicinal herbs, can compare in effectiveness with the listed drugs, so you should not self-medicate. Drug therapy should be used only as prescribed by a doctor. Local treatment, for example various ointments, gels are not recommended in the absence of thrombosis or thrombophlebitis.
Physiotherapy has no independent value. It is used only as prescribed by a doctor, depending on the underlying problem. Using physical methods at home on your own can lead to the development of complications (inflammation, blood clot rupture). If prescribed correctly, diadynamic currents, magnetic fields, electrophoresis, and laser have the best effect.
Varicose veins of the lower extremities is a surgical disease, a complete cure for which is possible only after surgical treatment . Depending on the location of the lesion and the severity of the disease, the following methods of surgical treatment are used.
1. Phlebectomy - surgical removal of varicose veins. The purpose of the operation is to eliminate the pathological discharge of blood by removing the main trunks of the great or small saphenous vein, as well as ligating the communicating veins. This operation is contraindicated if:
severe concomitant disease, in which surgical intervention can sharply aggravate the condition;
late stage of varicose veins;
the presence of any purulent process in the body;
The use of endoscopic treatment methods makes this operation safer and cosmetically beneficial. The set of measures for the best recovery after surgery (rehabilitation) directly depends on the complexity of the operation, but general principles apply. The final formation of sutures takes 6 months, therefore, to prevent their damage and avoid cosmetic defects, it is recommended to exclude rough mechanical impact on them (using a hard washcloth, compressive clothing). Do not wash with hot water. After surgery, it is necessary to use elastic compression, usually for 6 months. In the future, compression hosiery is necessary in case of possible “harmful” load (heavy lifting, long journeys, flights).
2. Sclerosis - the introduction of a special substance (sclerosant) into the dilated vein, which causes the walls of the vein to “stick together” and blood flow through it ceases. As a result, there is no pathological discharge of blood, and a cosmetic defect is eliminated, since the vein collapses and becomes invisible. But sclerotherapy is effective only when expanding small branches of the main trunks, which limits its use when the process is severe. The advantage of sclerotherapy is the absence of scars and the need for hospitalization. After vein sclerosis, specific rehabilitation is not required.
3. Laser coagulation is a method based on the destruction of the vein wall through the heat of a laser, resulting in “sealing” of the venous lumen. Indicated only when the vein is dilated no more than 10 mm. The method is associated with anesthesia. It is cosmetically preferable compared to phlebectomy, but, as after vein removal, it requires early activation of the patient, as well as long-term elastic compression.
In the modern world, great importance is given to the prevention of varicose veins. Regular implementation of simple measures will significantly reduce the risk of the onset and progression of the disease:
An active lifestyle is the basis of prevention; it is also important to alternate long-term static loads with walking, running, cycling, swimming, and performing simple exercises in the workplace.
Keep your legs elevated as much as possible.
Avoid weight gain.
Wear comfortable shoes with a maximum heel size of up to 4 cm, and if necessary, use orthopedic insoles.
In the case of using estrogens, for example, oral contraceptives, as well as during pregnancy, it is necessary to undergo an ultrasound scan of the veins of the lower extremities.
Varicose veins are a complex disease. The sooner a diagnosis is made and treatment is prescribed, the greater the chance of quickly eliminating all developing pathologies and consequences of the disease.
Varicose veins are a serious problem that affects many people. The disease manifests itself, as a rule, in the form of subcutaneous swelling of the veins, vascular sacs or nodules, as well as a widespread distribution of small capillaries.
Usually the appearance of edema is associated with the early stages of varicose veins. This symptom appears in the ankle area and on the side of the foot. The progressive stage of the disease includes swelling that spreads above the lower legs of the limbs.
All these manifestations are serious symptoms of vascular diseases and disorders of the circulatory system. If you immediately pay attention to the initial manifestations of varicose veins, then the entire treatment process will be more gentle and effective. Advanced stages of the disease often lead to surgical intervention.
Doctors consider valvular and venous insufficiency to be the main factor in the development of varicose veins. But, besides such pathologies, there are a number of other reasons:
In order to correctly prescribe treatment and eliminate the disease, you must first understand the factors of the disease. Therefore, a high-quality diagnostic examination is the first step on the path to recovery.
For high-quality and timely treatment, it is necessary to seek help from specialists in a timely manner. Before prescribing treatment, the doctor will try to understand the main factors causing the disease. To do this, he will conduct a series of tests and studies.
To accurately assess the patient’s condition, specialists usually prescribe special tests and ultrasound techniques for examining the condition of the vessels and veins in the lower extremities. Such examination techniques make it possible to assess the condition of venous valves and the patency of large vessels.
To understand and present a complete picture of the state of the venous and vascular system with varicose veins, duplex scanning or Doppler sonography is performed.
After the specialist identifies the characteristics and stage of the disease, he will select treatment tactics, which will be aimed at conservative or surgical treatment. Using traditional methods, varicose veins on the lower extremities can only be treated under the supervision of a specialist, since otherwise you can harm yourself.
Many methods of treatment with traditional medicine can relieve swelling and alleviate general well-being, but for the most part they cannot completely cure. Folk remedies can only eliminate the symptoms, but not remove the main factors that provoke the development of varicose veins.
Therefore, varicose veins should be treated with folk remedies very carefully and only after consultation with your doctor. Basically, such remedies include various tinctures, rubbing on chestnuts, apple cider vinegar.
Conservative treatment includes the following methods:
The use of lotions, ointments and creams is effective in eliminating the external manifestations of varicose veins, such as swelling and networks of small capillaries.
To completely eliminate varicose veins, it is also necessary to use drug therapy. Specialists usually prescribe the following types of drugs:
Therapeutic therapy aimed at eliminating leg disorders is often not very effective if the patient consults a doctor at the wrong time. Therefore, in most cases, doctors are inclined to prescribe surgical methods of therapy.
Surgical methods of therapy are designed to prevent the development of irreversible processes during thrombosis and reflux - improper blood circulation in the venous system. But such methods have their contraindications. They try not to prescribe them if the patient has heart, kidney or liver disease. It is also prohibited to perform operations during pregnancy and the presence of purulent foci.
Surgery is often more effective in treating lower extremities affected by varicose veins. Therefore, there are a number of methods related to a gentle type of intervention. This type of therapy is called minimally invasive treatment. This includes:
The main purpose of sclerotherapy is to use a special solution to eliminate the affected veins and vessels, while preventing the formation of blood clots.
Sclerotherapy is a painless and virtually non-traumatic procedure. After several injections, the rehabilitation period is no more than three months. Moreover, there are no special restrictions on movement after such an intervention.
Treatment of limbs affected by varicose veins using laser ablation takes no more than half an hour. The essence of the procedure is that a special light guide is inserted into the affected vein and a laser system is turned on in a certain area.
Under the influence of the radiating beam, the process of blood coagulation occurs, and the walls of the blood vessels stick together due to the high temperature and form a kind of cord. It dissolves over time.
This method of therapy eliminates vasodilation, thereby eliminating varicose veins. After this type of procedure, the patient wears compression garments as prescribed by the doctor and recovers quite quickly at home.
Radiofrequency ablation is an even more gentle procedure than all of the above. A special radio wave catheter is inserted into the vein through a small hole. To protect surrounding tissues from radio waves, a special anesthetic is injected into the same hole, which creates a kind of airbag.
Using this technique, you can relieve swelling, heaviness from the legs, and also stop further damage to the venous-vascular system in a short time. Athletes after such a procedure can continue their activities already on the fifteenth day after the operation.
When using a technique on the lower extremities such as microphlebectomy, specialists remove the affected vein using hooks. They are inserted into a vein that has varicose veins. After such an operation, the swelling and resulting hematomas on the legs disappear in just a few weeks, but provided that the patient wears compression garments.
Varicose veins of the extremities are a complex and rather unpleasant disease. Therefore, you should take care of your feet from an early age. But if this disease does appear, you should immediately seek help from qualified specialists.