This category deals with diseases that a person may encounter in life. A description of pathologies, the causes of the development of ailments, what diagnostic methods are used for examination, methods of treatment using traditional medicine and folk remedies are given. In the comments to articles you can ask your questions and get answers.
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The ulnar bursa (subcutaneous ulnar bursa) is a smooth sac that is located at the tip of the elbow between the bones and loose skin. It ensures free movement of the skin along the underlying olecranon process. When the ulnar bursa becomes inflamed, a condition called ulnar bursitis develops.
The first symptom of bursitis is swelling. On the outside of the elbow, the skin does not fit tightly, which is why a slight swelling may not be immediately noticeable. The bursa enlarges as the swelling continues, causing pain when it is pulled because it contains nerve endings. Over time, the tumor can grow to a size that limits the mobility of the elbow.
Symptoms of infectious elbow bursitis include increased skin temperature and redness. If the infection is not treated immediately, it can spread to other areas of the arm or enter the bloodstream, which can lead to very serious consequences.
An x-ray is taken to check for the presence of a bone spur or foreign body. Bone spurs are commonly found in patients with recurring olecranon bursitis at the tip of the olecranon.
If the bursitis is suspected to be caused by an infection, the doctor may remove fluid from the swollen area. This operation is usually performed on an outpatient basis. Once the fluid is removed, symptoms improve. The doctor receives a sample to study and determine the presence of any bacteria, which allows him to prescribe antibiotic treatment if necessary.
In most cases, antibiotics are prescribed by a doctor until specific bacteria are identified. This is necessary in order to prevent the spread of infection. The antibiotic used by the doctor at this stage is suitable for treating several possible infections.
If the bursitis was not caused by an infection, there are several treatment options. The elbow is placed in an elevated position and ice is applied. To mitigate the impact, you can use elbow pads. Direct pressure on the swollen elbow should be avoided. Oral medications such as ibuprofen and other anti-inflammatory drugs may also be used.
When a bursa becomes infected, if conservative treatment, antibiotics, and drainage of fluid from the elbow do not help, surgery is required. The operation is performed in a hospital. Bursa trimming surgery is an outpatient procedure. It does not affect any muscles, joint structures, or ligaments. If you develop an elbow bursa, we suggest that you undergo high-quality and effective treatment in the Zdorovye network of Moscow clinics. Experienced doctors will make the correct diagnosis and carry out successful treatment of the disease.
With the development of articular inflammation that occurs in the periarticular bursa of the knee joint, various therapeutic measures are used. In some cases, the operation is indicated. But, you can successfully treat knee bursitis at home.
The periarticular bursa of the knee often becomes inflamed for the following reasons:
The development of bursitis is accompanied by severe, constant pain, swelling, changes in skin tone and local elevated temperature in the problem area of the limb. If you do not start timely treatment measures, this will lead to joint deformation.
The composition of the accumulated joint fluid during the development of bursitis may be different. The type of inflammation that develops (purulent, serous, hemorrhagic) also depends on the composition of the fluid.
Articular bursitis can have an acute, chronic and infectious course.
Once a diagnosis of bursitis has been made, the following treatment methods are used:
Any treatment method for knee bursitis can eliminate pain and other signs of pathology.
Let's take a closer look at home remedies that fight inflammation.
Treatment with folk remedies for bursitis of the knee joint is successful in the initial stages of the development of the pathology. It is important to carry out home activities correctly and follow the following recommendations:
First, let's look at the most effective home remedy for treating knee bursitis. We are talking about compresses.
Compresses for bursitis of the knee joint are of two types:
Each type of compress helps eliminate certain symptoms. Thus, cooling compresses are used only for traumatic forms of bursitis. Cold lotions relieve pain in the first moments after injury.
We offer several recipes for homemade compresses to help cope with bursitis:
Try the following homemade recipes for internal use to cure bursitis:
A good home recipe for bursitis is pine needle baths. The baths are prepared as follows:
You will get a concentrated composition. For baths, you need to dilute a glass of concentrated solution with three liters of water. The event lasts 40 minutes. If the water cools down, you need to periodically add hot water. Perform the procedure for one week, if necessary 10 days.
To eliminate inflammation in a limb affected by bursitis, you can prepare a folk remedy (ointment):
Apply the resulting mass to the affected limb.
If you managed to overcome articular bursitis, then it is worth thinking about preventive measures to prevent the re-development of the pathology.
Preventive measures are aimed at eliminating the causes of joint inflammation. You must adhere to the following recommendations:
The sooner treatment begins, the less time it will take to restore joint functions, and the development of complications due to pathology can be avoided.
Have you ever experienced unbearable joint pain or constant back pain? Judging by the fact that you are reading this article, you are already familiar with them personally. And, of course, you know firsthand what it is:
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The human knee joint is a complex mechanism, often subject to heavy loads. Due to stress, the specifics of certain professions, and hereditary factors, this area is injured, which leads to the development of diseases of the knee area.
For normal mobility, the knee joint contains three sacs containing synovial fluid. They are also called bursas. In addition to providing mobility to the joint, the purpose of the bags is to protect this area from damage. But, an inflammatory process can develop in the synovial bursa - suprapatelar bursitis. This happens at the junction of cartilage tissue. People who receive heavy loads at work and where injuries are possible (construction workers, athletes, assembly line workers) are susceptible to this disease. Let's get acquainted with the symptoms and treatment of suprapatelar bursitis of the knee joint in more detail.
There are factors that contribute to the development of suprapatelar bursitis:
All of the above reasons can provoke the development of an inflammatory process in the synovial bursa and lead to suprapatelar bursitis of the knee joint.
You can determine that something is wrong with your joints by the following signs:
Determining the presence of synovitis of suprapatelar bursitis of the knee joint is usually not very difficult. The disease can be recognized even by visual examination - signs in the form of swelling and redness of the joint area are too obvious.
Laboratory tests are added to all listed diagnostic measures.
Another diagnostic method is puncture, which examines the fluid of the synovial bursa. After the puncture, the collected material is sent for cytological examination.
Treatment of suprapatelar bursitis of the knee joint is prescribed according to individual indications, depending on the degree of the disease.
During treatment, you must adhere to the following steps:
If you seek medical help on time when signs of bursitis are detected, the treatment process will take about two weeks. You should not treat suprapatelar bursitis without medical advice; this will lead to prolongation of the inflammatory process and transition to a chronic form, and possibly to disability.
You can try to cure suprapatelar bursitis using traditional methods. But be sure to get medical advice first.
At home, bursitis is treated with self-prepared baths and decoctions. Here are some recipes:
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Synovitis of the knee joint is an inflammation of the membrane covering the internal joint cavity. Due to inflammation, the production of synovial fluid increases, which accumulates in the joint capsule, limiting the mobility of the knee, thereby significantly worsening the patient’s quality of life.
After a diagnostic puncture, regardless of the results of culture of the puncture for microbes, antibacterial drugs are injected into the joint cavity. If the presence of bacteria is not laboratory confirmed, this is done for preventive purposes.
Subsequently, partial immobilization of the joint is carried out using special knee orthoses, tight bandages or a knee brace, while maintaining limited mobility of the joint. This is done to minimize the load on the diseased joint. The period of restriction of joint movements should not exceed one week; longer fixation can lead to the formation of contractures.
Drug therapy includes the use, as mentioned above, of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, and microcirculation regulators.
NSAIDs are used as anti-inflammatory drugs, in tablet form, in the form of injections, ointments and gels, most often used:
A major role in the treatment of synovitis of the knee joint is given to proteolytic enzymes, such as gordox and contrical. This group of drugs, by influencing the inflammatory mechanism, can significantly reduce the manifestation of inflammation.
Among microcirculation regulators, heparin, nicotinic acid, and pentoxifylline derivatives are widely used. These substances have a beneficial effect on blood supply and cellular nutrition in the affected synovial membrane.
The use of corticosteroids is indicated for protracted disease; injections are made directly into the joint cavity.
After treatment, there are frequent cases of relapse of the disease, which can lead to weakening of the ligaments and capsule. In some cases, the disease may become chronic, complicated by the formation of fibrous growths in the capsule. This condition requires surgical treatment.
Usually, the attending physician decides how to treat synovitis of the knee joint, based on the reasons that caused it, the stage of the disease and the nature of the course. The doctor must prescribe a comprehensive examination of the entire body in order to find out what exactly triggered the development of knee synovitis, to monitor the development of inflammation, and to predict possible complications in the patient.
First, a puncture of the diseased joint is performed. The procedure is performed by experienced surgeons. Anesthesia is not required during this procedure, since the patient practically does not feel pain, only some discomfort. The specialist inserts a thin needle into the joint area and sucks out synovial fluid (effusion). The resulting exudate is sent to the laboratory for testing.
The next stage of treatment is joint immobilization. Its goal is to ensure complete peace. Doctors apply splints, plaster splints, and pressure bandages. The choice of the most appropriate method of temporary immobilization is determined by the nature of the disease. So, with minimal synovitis of the knee joint, it is enough to use a pressure bandage or a special patella. And if infectious synovitis is accompanied by severe damage to the joint, rigid immobilization with plaster splints or splints will be required. This stage of treatment usually does not exceed seven days.
Refusal to take medications prescribed by a doctor can lead to various complications, including joint destruction, suppuration and even sepsis. And with the use of medications, recovery occurs much faster.
The following groups of medications can be used to treat synovitis of the knee joint:
Typically, synovitis is treated with surgery very rarely, but if conservative treatment is ineffective, surgery is prescribed. The operation to eliminate synovitis is called synovectomy. An incision is made in the damaged joint, then various foreign bodies, damaged meniscus, and pathologically altered synovial membrane are excised. After the operation, the patient should be at rest and take medications. As you recover, it is recommended to undergo physical therapy courses and develop the joint with the help of physical therapy.
In addition to the above methods, there is a treatment for synovitis of the knee joint with folk remedies. The main remedy is comfrey herb ointment. The comfrey herb must be crushed and poured into a glass to the top. Then you should chop 200 g of lard and mix with grass. After about 5 days, during which the product should be refrigerated, the ointment can be used by rubbing twice a day into the affected joint. It is also recommended to apply a bandage to secure the leg.
Of all the means and methods, modern pharmacists have mostly adopted ointments. Probably, due to their high profitability, their production today is on a broad basis. It is quite difficult for a person without a medical or pharmaceutical education to navigate this diversity, to assess the benefits or harms of certain drugs, especially in the long term. Moreover, manufacturers often do not skimp on advertising.
Currently, the current pharmaceutical classification (proposed by WHO and adopted in Russia) includes 4 subgroups of drugs for external use for diseases of the musculoskeletal system:
Also in this classification, drugs for external use for joint pain can be found in the group “Other drugs for the treatment of the musculoskeletal system.” It includes chondroprotectors, which are fashionable nowadays - drugs that protect and restore cartilage, including ointments based on them. The main active ingredients in them are mainly two components: chondroitin sulfate and glycosaminoglycans, incl. hyaluronic acid.
Exercise therapy for synovitis of the knee joint. This is a set of special exercises aimed at improving local blood circulation in the joint and strengthening muscles. Therapeutic gymnastics can be used when it subsides or when there is no exacerbation.
When performing exercises directly for the affected joints, lightweight and unloading IP should be used; swinging movements are advisable; When walking, handrails and crutches are first used. Exercises in the pool are very effective.
In the presence of synovitis of the knee joint, therapeutic exercises should be more gentle, the pace of the exercises is medium and slow, the amplitude of the movements is painful. Relaxation exercises combined with stretching the muscles of the arms, legs, and back dominate. Preferred PIs are lying on your back, on your side, on your stomach, or sitting.
In the absence of synovitis, but with severe pain and limited movement in the joint, the procedures are also gentle, and the above provisions are observed. With regression of the pain syndrome, the total load is increased.
The pace of the exercises is slow, medium and fast. IP - lying down, sitting. The proportion of exercises with gradually increasing effort, static stress, exercises that help increase the range of movements, strengthen the muscles of the arms, legs and back, and form correct posture is significant. Reduce rest breaks between exercises and increase the number of general strengthening exercises. Features of exercise therapy for synovitis of the knee joint include strengthening the muscles surrounding the affected joint, unloading the affected joint and influencing nearby joints to enhance their compensatory function in this disease.
The duration of the therapeutic exercises procedure for arthritis and arthrosis increases gradually from 10-12 minutes at the beginning to 30-40 minutes in the middle and end of the course of treatment.
Morning hygienic gymnastics consists of simple exercises with the obligatory inclusion of movements for the small joints of the arms and legs.
After arthroscopy, joint surgery or conservative treatment, it is recommended to perform a set of exercises to quickly restore the functions of the limb (start exercises within the time frame indicated by the doctor):
After stabilizing the condition, it is recommended to walk for a distance of up to 500-600 m several times a week at a slow speed, as well as exercise on an exercise bike.
Physiotherapy for synovitis of the knee joint. These are various methods of physical influence using currents of various frequencies, irradiation, electrophoresis on the hip or knee joint with medicinal substances, etc. Physiotherapy is rarely used as an independent method of treating synovitis of the hip joint and usually complements other types of therapy.
Achilles tendon bursitis is a serious condition that occurs in the bursa or bursa. The appearance is explained by the development of an inflammatory process in the bursa, where the Achilles tendon connects to the bones of the foot.
Achilles bursitis is a lesion of the joint cavities, which are filled with a shock-absorbing, lubricating fluid. Inflammation of the mucous membranes occurs, and painful sensations appear when walking. Depending on the location of the bursae, which are subject to inflammation and injury, the types of Achilles tendon bursitis are determined.
Often, the occurrence and progressive development of inflammation of the Achilles tendon is observed in young women; such cases are rare among representatives of the stronger half. The worsening of the formation of bursitis is provoked by regular, constant compression by the hard back wall of the shoe.
Doctors identify several types of Achilles pathologies, accompanied by severe pain and unpleasant limitations in movement. Kinds:
Treatment of diseases depends on their form - acute inflammatory process is provoked in most cases by infections and random factors. A chronic type of inflammation develops due to existing pathologies of the lower extremities. If the acute form is easy to identify and quickly treat, then with chronic bursitis of the Achilles tendon the symptoms are invisible, and it is not easy or quick to fight.
To prescribe treatment, the doctor determines the form of the disease. It is important not to confuse an acute inflammatory process with a rupture of the Achilles tendon - the symptoms are similar. More often, a rupture is diagnosed by the crunching sound that accompanies the injured area. In this case, the painful sensations are sharp and unpleasant, swelling develops quickly - the leg swells within minutes.
Achilles tendon bursitis develops in the presence of factors:
Among the reasons that provoke the development of Achilles tendon bursitis, it is worth paying attention to:
Treatment of the disease depends on the type and form of the inflammatory process.
Symptoms of Achilles bursitis:
It is recommended to start treatment as soon as possible; the disease on both lower extremities leads to complete immobilization of a person (occurs with insufficient therapy).
Signs of a disease of subcutaneous heel origin also include discomfort during pressure. The acute form of the inflammatory process is characterized by the mildness of the formation. Chronic – hardening of the formation in the heel area.
The posterior version of inflammation of the Achilles tendon is accompanied by swelling of the ankle, which limits mobility. In the acute stage, the ligaments are thickened, swollen, and the patient has to limp. The chronic form is swelling, long-term pain, problems with wearing regular, comfortable shoes.
Treatment is prescribed after a diagnostic study. The first indicator is a swollen area of the affected heel and lower extremities. It is necessary to visit an orthopedist, orthopedic traumatologist, or physiotherapist.
The initial examination allows us to determine the final diagnosis: Achilles tendon bursitis. Treatment can begin in a short time, providing the patient with positive results. To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor will prescribe the following tests:
There are many reasons that provoke the progression of the inflammatory process of the joints in the heel. Excessive loads on the lower limbs and incorrect foot position while walking are considered common. Inflammation begins due to the presence of factors:
It is often impossible to avoid intense physical stress on the lower limbs. Medicine recommends controlling the intensity of exercise, alternating exercise with rest. This way you can reduce the risk of the appearance and progression of the inflammatory process in the joints. The lower limbs should be trained through regular, feasible physical activity.
Science suggests physiatry as a treatment for Achilles tendon bursitis: it is recommended to prescribe anti-inflammatory creams and physiotherapy. In rare cases, complete treatment will require examination by a surgeon. It is recommended to rest the injured lower limb (use a heel pad).
Treatment for Achilles tendon bursitis involves reducing inflammation and adjusting the position of the foot to reduce pressure on the heel. An orthopedic insole and thin pads under the heels are used: the heel is raised, the pressure on it is reduced. Sometimes the back of the shoe is stretched; a pad is placed in this place to protect the inflamed joint capsule from friction, damage, and injury.
The patient may be offered special shoes to choose from, designed to correct the position of the foot during movements. If these methods of conservative treatment are ineffective, medicine suggests surgery.
In rare cases, doctors suggest surgical intervention: for young people, after conservative treatment the muscles are weakened and prone to repeated injuries. With surgery, it is possible to completely restore the tendon, providing resistance against further injury.
Treatment with traditional methods is popular; doctors often do not recommend it without prior agreement with them. Among the common methods of traditional medicine, it is worth paying attention to:
Ice turns out to be effective; when applied, it can relieve pain (in the case of a fresh tear). It will be useful to take sedatives and painkillers of natural origin.
In order to prevent the onset and progression of a disease that damages the musculoskeletal system of the body, it is recommended to reduce loads of mechanical and physical origin. For preventive treatment, doctors recommend following a balanced diet, avoiding problems with excess body weight, and using comfortable, soft shoes.
It is necessary to eat foods containing many vitamins and foods of plant origin. To combat excess weight, adjust your body weight through diet and regular exercise. An orthopedic doctor will advise on the selection of high-quality therapeutic and prophylactic shoes (there are special additional orthopedic insoles and arch supports).