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Treatment of leg pain in diabetes mellitus

15 Aug 18

Pain in the legs due to diabetes - treatment tactics

In such a situation, the human body is not able to absorb glucose, as a result of which its rapid accumulation occurs. This can lead to the development of diabetes.

An increased content of this substance leads to disruption of the functionality of the cardiovascular, nervous and other systems. It is poor circulation that leads to problems with nutrition of the lower extremities.

Detection of diabetes mellitus of both types is considered an important argument for providing the feet with increased care. In fact, there can be quite a lot of problems with them. So how to treat leg pain with diabetes?

What are the types of leg and foot diseases that occur in type 1 and type 2 diabetics?

As you have already understood, diabetes mellitus often causes complications specifically in the lower extremities. Serious problems with them throughout life occur in all people suffering from carbohydrate metabolism disorders.

The older the patient, the higher the likelihood of complications. This can cause a lot of problems not only for the patient, but also for his endocrinologist.

If you have the disease in question, there is a high probability of developing diabetic foot syndrome. It is characterized by damage to nerve endings. This occurs due to increased plasma glucose concentrations. This condition is called diabetic neuropathy.

This is a certain complication that occurs due to problems in the performance of the pancreas. It can lead to the patient completely losing sensation in the lower extremities. The feet do not feel touch, pain, pressure, heat or even extreme cold.

If the patient accidentally damages the integrity of the skin of the leg, he will also not feel anything.

An impressive number of diabetics have ulcers on their lower extremities. They can also appear on the soles of the feet.

It should be noted that such skin lesions take a long time and are difficult to heal. If the sensitivity of the limbs is simply weakened, then wounds and ulcers do not cause severe unpleasant pain.

If it suddenly happens that the patient dislocates his leg, or has a fracture of the bones of his foot, then such a dangerous and severe injury will be completely painless for him. This condition is called diabetic foot syndrome.

Since people do not feel any pain, many of them are lazy to follow the recommendations of a personal specialist. In open wounds, bacteria can multiply rapidly, and due to gangrene, the leg can be amputated altogether.

If the patency of blood vessels rapidly decreases, then the tissues of the lower extremities may experience quite severe hunger.

As a result, they begin to send pain signals. The latter can appear even when a person is at rest.

But, nevertheless, we can say that it is better for a person to feel slight discomfort with diabetes than to completely lose sensation in the legs. This pain may only be experienced while walking or running. It is the unpleasant sensations in the limbs that force a person to consult a doctor in a timely manner.

Serious problems with the arteries, veins and capillaries supplying the legs are called peripheral vascular disease. If this disease occurs simultaneously with diabetic neuropathy, the pain may be mild or even completely absent.

If your legs hurt and fail due to diabetes, what should you do?

Every day the patient must examine his own legs.

Particular attention should be paid to the feet, soles and spaces between the toes. Even minor damage in the form of scratches should not be underestimated.

All cuts, blisters, cracks and other defects that violate the integrity of the skin can become a gateway for infection. A diabetic must wash his feet every day with warm water and neutral soap.

Much attention should be paid to the spaces between the fingers. They should be wiped very carefully, using blotting movements with a soft towel.

What drugs to treat?

As a rule, depending on the illness, doctors prescribe certain ointments and creams, without which it is impossible to cope with the discomfort.

Their main effect is pain relief. They can also be used to moisturize dry skin.

Preference should be given only to those medications that contain ingredients of natural origin . They must contain vitamins and other useful microelements.

Relief of pain in limbs

In this case, it is necessary to use painkillers. They are prescribed only by the attending physician in case of urgent need.

Therapeutic gymnastics and physiotherapy

Through sports and physical therapy, blood circulation in the lower extremities is restored. In addition, appropriate medications can be used for this purpose.

Physiotherapeutic procedures can be carried out both with the help of additional equipment and without it.

They are an auxiliary element in the complex treatment of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Thanks to them, it is possible to reduce the initial dose of some medications.

As a rule, physiotherapy for diabetes mellitus of the first and second types is aimed at eliminating the following main problems:

Among other things, the effectiveness of physiotherapy lies in the fact that they can improve blood circulation and tone of blood vessels. They also have a beneficial effect on the state of the nervous system and the quality of rest at night.

In this case we are talking about angiopathy and neuropathy.

As for therapeutic exercises for diabetes, it must be combined with an appropriate low-carbohydrate diet. Before you start playing sports, you need to consult with a personal specialist.

If he gives his consent and confirms the fact that you have no contraindications to physical activity, then you can safely sign up for the gym.

Treatment with folk remedies

It is important to note that in fact, most recipes for relieving diabetes mellitus help stabilize the glucose level in the blood plasma.

They are prepared according to the same principle: two large spoons of the component are poured with one cup of water and left for two hours. It is necessary to treat carbohydrate metabolism disorders by taking formulations of a similar type up to several times a day, a large spoonful.

According to research by scientists from Israel, consuming whey before meals improves the production of pancreatic hormone and minimizes the likelihood of sudden surges in blood sugar.

For type 2 diabetes, doctors recommend using flax seeds in the form of decoctions. To prepare the decoction, you need to take five tablespoons of seeds and add one liter of water to them.

After this, the mixture should be put on low heat. After ten minutes, it must be removed from the stove. The broth is cooled, filtered and taken three times a day. The course of therapy is one month.

In the initial stages of endocrine disease, it is necessary to take Kalanchoe extract and its infusion orally.

The appointment must be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of the personal specialist. Increasing the dose should be avoided.

The maximum allowable amount of the drug is one tablespoon of juice per day. Of course, if the patient’s body tolerates this plant.

One of the most severe forms of diabetes mellitus requires treatment that will be carried out using all kinds of healing and simply useful plants.

Nettle deserves special attention. It is considered an integral component of effective insulin therapy. The effect of use is to reduce the concentration of sugar in the blood.

Prevention of diabetic complications

The complex of preventive measures includes gymnastics to activate the functioning of the pancreas, massage of this organ, as well as nutrition correction.

What to do if your legs hurt with diabetes:

Pain in the legs due to diabetes is an irreversible phenomenon that sooner or later a person suffering from this disease will face. In order to avoid this, you need to lead an active lifestyle, eat right, give up bad habits and exercise.

  • Stabilizes sugar levels for a long time
  • Restores insulin production by the pancreas
  • Legs hurt with diabetes

    Diabetes is a very serious, polysymptomatic disease, the development of which is impossible to predict in each specific case. Her complications can be very different, but usually her legs suffer. And this must be taken extremely seriously, since without qualified treatment and prevention there will be a huge risk of amputation of the fingers or the entire foot.

    According to WHO, every year 2 million people die from diabetes and its complications around the world. In the absence of qualified support for the body, diabetes leads to various kinds of complications, gradually destroying the human body.

    Currently, the Federal program “Healthy Nation” is underway, within the framework of which this drug is given to every resident of the Russian Federation and the CIS for FREE . For detailed information, see the official website of the Ministry of Health.

    Why does pain occur?

    Leg pain in diabetes mellitus occurs due to hyperglycemia. Most often, the development of such a complication follows two main paths:

  • Small blood vessels become clogged and damaged, peripheral tissues experience permanent oxygen starvation, which leads to cell death and atrophy. During this process, prostaglandin and histamine are released, so-called inflammatory mediators, which have a negative effect on nerve endings. The result is pain.
  • Due to insufficient nutrition, neurocytes in the legs die off, and as a result, trophic processes in the lower extremities are disrupted. This leads to numbness and loss of sensitivity: pain, tactile, temperature. Often, ulcers or bacterial infections appear against the background of such a complication. But at a later stage the person will feel pain.
  • The first type of complication is called ischemic, and the second is called neuropathic (diabetic foot syndrome). The symptoms will be different in both cases. And treatment often requires surgical intervention and taking all possible measures to eliminate hyperglycemia. In addition, factors such as:

  • the age of the patient, since over the years the condition of the blood vessels changes for the worse, blockage and damage occur faster;
  • increased glucose levels;
  • lack of physical activity, because if people rarely move, blood stagnates in the limbs, causing swelling that puts pressure on nerve endings and causes pain;
  • associated ailments: atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension;
  • the presence of excess weight, and since this is not uncommon in type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is additional stress on the legs, which only increases the pain syndrome.
  • We must remember that pain in the legs with diabetes is a very alarming and serious symptom. Under no circumstances should this be treated with folk remedies!

    First of all, if you have the slightest suspicion that diabetes has caused a complication to your legs, you must immediately inform your doctor, who will prescribe an examination. This must be done in order to know exactly which way the disease develops and, accordingly, what course of treatment to apply. And if with the ischemic variant of development the pain will make it clear quite early that something is wrong with the legs, then with the neuropathic one everything is much more complicated. The doctor will definitely examine the feet looking for symptoms of the early stage of the disease:

  • dry skin and peeling (in this case, the patient’s legs below the knees often itch);
  • hair loss on the legs, appearance of pigmentation;
  • sudden pallor and coldness of the skin, the appearance of a bluish tint.
  • In addition, the doctor, using special equipment, will check the pulse in the arteries that supply the legs and determine the ankle-brachial index. The latter can also show the presence of atherosclerosis. Most likely, transcutaneous oximetry will be performed - this is a painless procedure that shows the level of tissue oxygen saturation, as well as ultrasound of the arteries of the legs and X-ray contrast angiography. After receiving the test results, the doctor will prescribe the necessary treatment, which will depend not only on the type of diabetes, but also on which of the two paths the complication took.

    How to treat and care for your feet with diabetes?

    Neuropathy is a disease characterized by damage to the nerves. Over time, exposure to elevated glucose levels damages the nerve endings in the feet. This causes the feet to lose sensation. That is, a person with diabetes does not feel temperature, pressure and pain. For a person, the ability to feel pain is necessary, since it is a warning of danger. If this ability is lost, the person will not notice wounds or even ulcers on the feet.

    Angiopathy is a disease characterized by vascular damage. With increased sugar in the human body, the functioning of blood vessels deteriorates. Angiopathy is characterized by damage to small (peripheral) vessels, which, in turn, leads to cell hypoxia due to impaired microcirculation.

    Therefore, diabetics have skin on their feet that is inelastic and dry. Due to the impossibility of treating the pathology with moisturizing creams, the infection enters the newly formed cracks. The duration of treatment and wound healing is slow due to insufficient microcirculation.

    Arthropathy is a disease characterized by damage to the joints. Therefore, people with diabetes often complain of pain in the joints of their legs, especially when walking. The disease begins with redness of the foot and severe swelling. Over the years, the toes become deformed and swelling occurs more often. And as a result of fractures and dislocations, the patient’s feet become wider and shorter.

    All lesions of the legs due to diabetic disease in modern medicine are called “diabetic feet”.

    Symptomatic manifestations

    There are many symptoms of lower extremity damage due to diabetic disease. A diabetic patient may not attribute the symptoms to diabetes, and sometimes even notice it. Therefore, everyone with diabetes should know the symptomatic manifestations of leg damage in order to begin treatment on time. The symptoms are as follows:

  • dry skin that cannot be moisturized with cream;
  • itching and peeling of the skin of the legs;
  • depigmentation and hyperpigmentation of the skin of the lower leg;
  • hyperkeratosis (excessive appearance of callous formations);
  • hair loss on the legs in males;
  • modification and thickening of the nail plate;
  • swelling in the ankle area;
  • the skin of the legs is pale and cold (rarely with a bluish tint and warm);
  • mycosis of the nail plate and skin of the feet;
  • numbness of the legs;
  • painful sensations;
  • impaired sensitivity of the legs (tactile, thermal, etc.).
  • If you do not pay attention to these manifestations in time, then serious consequences develop. Namely:

  • non-healing wounds and ulcers;
  • inflammatory processes with pronounced swelling (phlegmon and abscess);
  • arthropathy;
  • purulent process of bones (osteomyelitis);
  • gangrene.
  • Treatment of “diabetic feet”

    The above symptoms, such as pain, swelling, cramps, etc., can appear not only against the background of diabetes. For example, concomitant heart pathologies can cause swelling of the lower extremities. The same swelling is characteristic of venous varicose veins. With diabetic kidney damage, swelling of the legs appears in the morning.

    To correctly diagnose the pathology and prescribe the correct treatment, it is recommended to undergo a comprehensive examination. When a patient is diagnosed with diabetes, in addition to treating the legs, it is recommended to undergo regular examinations. The examination consists of:

  • examination of the lower extremities with a mandatory pulse check;
  • neurological examination;
  • ultrasound diagnostics of vessels of the lower extremities;
  • sensitivity testing (vibration, tactile, temperature and pain);
  • electroneuromyographic study.
  • If even minor changes in the condition of the legs are observed (the appearance of pain, inflammation, swelling, etc.), this is a reason to consult with a specialist doctor within 24 hours to prescribe appropriate treatment.

    Foot care for diabetes is as follows:

  • Daily careful examination of the legs, feet, soles and spaces between the toes.
  • Wash your feet daily with neutral soap and warm water, paying special attention to the spaces between the toes. The feet are wiped with a soft towel using blotting movements.
  • If you identify the first symptoms of a mycotic disease, such as redness, itching, white plaque and peeling, you should consult a dermatologist who will prescribe local treatment in the form of an antimycotic cream.
  • Daily inspection of shoes, which consists of searching for foreign objects, ruptures in the insole and other defects that can injure or rub the skin. Insoles with ridges are not recommended for use as they contribute to the formation of ulcers, bedsores and calluses.
  • It is recommended to treat nails not with scissors, but with a nail file. Nails are filed straight, corners are rounded to avoid damage to adjacent fingers. If the nail plate thickens, it is filed down with a file from above, leaving a thickness of only a couple of millimeters, to prevent pressure on the nail bed, which, in turn, can cause bedsores.
  • It is recommended to warm your feet not with heating pads or baths, but with warm socks, since people with diabetes have difficulty distinguishing the temperature of water, which leads to burns. Before washing your feet, first test the water with your hand.
  • The use of solutions such as iodine, brilliant green, potassium permanganate and alcohol when treating feet is contraindicated. It is recommended to treat wounds with peroxide, chlorhexidine, miramistine, betadine, and healing creams. The injuries are wrapped with a loose sterile bandage.
  • It is recommended to treat dry skin on the feet with a rich, nourishing cream. Creams containing plant oils are also recommended for treating feet. Daily application of urea creams has a beneficial effect on the condition of the skin of the feet. The cream should not be too greasy.
  • The keratinized skin is treated with pumice. Pumice is regularly changed to prevent the occurrence of mycotic diseases. The use of scissors and blades is not recommended. After the procedure, the skin is treated with a rich, nourishing cream.
  • It is not recommended to use a “Salipod” type patch, cutting instruments and products that treat callosities when treating the rough skin of the feet.
  • Wearing comfortable shoes prevents diabetic feet from getting worse. It is recommended to avoid buying shoes that will have to be worn in in the future. You should not choose sandals with straps that go between your toes. If the foot is deformed, then the patient is recommended to wear orthopedic shoes. Shoes should not be worn on dirty or darned socks, or on bare feet.
  • The patient is recommended to take daily walks for at least half an hour. After the walk, they do massage and gymnastics for the ankle.
  • To give up smoking.
  • When your legs hurt due to diabetes, the absolute and main component of treatment is maintaining normal blood sugar levels.

    Complications on the legs (diseases) from diabetes - causes and treatment

    Chronic impairment of glucose absorption and insufficiency of the hormone insulin in patients causes a wide variety of complications. Leg diseases in diabetes mellitus develop quite often. The task of the doctor and the patient is to minimize the risk of pathologies, because the older the person, the greater the likelihood of damage to the lower extremities.

    Why do type 1 and type 2 diabetics have leg problems?

    Since diabetes mellitus causes complications in the legs, therapy is mandatory, otherwise the consequences can be the most tragic (including amputation). High levels of sugar in the blood are very dangerous for the body. Glucose in normal concentrations provides energy and improves the functioning of organs and systems, but in diabetes mellitus, on the contrary, it takes away strength, destroying the vascular and nervous systems.

    The legs are far from the heart, so they suffer the most from the development of complications of type 2 diabetes. Due to poor blood circulation and daily physical activity, pathological processes occur in the feet. With an increased level of glycosylation substances, the myelin sheath of nerve fibers is gradually destroyed, and the number of nerve impulses is greatly reduced.

    Another unpleasant complication on the legs is the narrowing of blood vessels. Clogging of capillaries causes serious consequences: blood circulation in tissues deteriorates, vessels wear out, become deformed, become thinner and rupture. The nutrition of the tissues stops, their cells gradually die, which is fraught with gangrene.

    The main causes of complications of the lower extremities in diabetes include:

  • vascular pathologies leading to tissue hypoxia;
  • neuropathy, characterized by decreased sensitivity and numbness of the legs;
  • obesity, which places unnecessary stress on bones and muscles;
  • smoking and physical inactivity.
  • Important! >> Why do people with diabetes start to have pain in their legs and how to cope with the pain - we told you here

    What lesions are the feet of diabetics susceptible to?

    Most often, complications in the legs of patients with diabetes are associated with:

  • fungus of the nail plates and feet;
  • gonarthrosis;
  • gangrene (necrosis);
  • diabetic foot;
  • deep non-healing cracks;
  • diabetic polyneuropathy.
  • All these ailments require immediate and adequate treatment. In an advanced stage, it is extremely difficult to get rid of them, much less cope with their painful symptoms.

    80% of type 2 diabetics are familiar with this syndrome. Pathological changes affect the bone, nervous, and circulatory systems of the feet. The disease can lead to the formation of tissue ulcers, which often degenerate into gangrene.

    Diabetic foot syndrome develops when:

  • diabetic neuropathy;
  • damage to blood vessels;
  • infection, which usually accompanies the first two factors.
  • The expressed symptoms of the pathology include:

  • constant pain in the legs caused by foot deformity;
  • redness of the skin around the wound;
  • swelling of the legs, indicating an inflammatory process;
  • lack of hair on ankles and feet;
  • roughening and flaking of the skin;
  • numbness of the limbs;
  • ingrown nails;
  • plantar growths (or warts);
  • nail fungus.
  • How to detect diabetic foot in time, methods of its treatment and preventive measures - read in detail here

    Experts have proven the relationship between high blood sugar and foot fungus. With diabetes, patients should be especially careful about the condition of the skin on their feet.

    Factors that provoke the development of the disease include:

    You should seek medical help if deterioration occurs in the spring and summer. In this case, there is a change in the color and structure of the nails on the little fingers and thumbs. Later, when the fungus multiplies and begins to attack the areas where it has settled, the skin of the foot will begin to turn red, peel, and cracks will appear between the toes, constantly itching and non-healing.

    Diabetic polyneuropathy

    This disease appears in patients 5-10 years after the onset of type 2 diabetes. This is a lesion of the nervous system, which is considered the most dangerous complication of diabetes of any type. The pathological process begins due to oxygen starvation of nerve cells, the nutrition of which is supplied by small capillaries, which are most susceptible to destruction.

    There are several stages of the disease:

    1. Subclinical, which the victim himself may not notice at first. Only a neurologist, after a thorough examination, makes a diagnosis if he detects a decrease in sensitivity to temperature, pain, and vibration.
    2. Clinical stage, characterized by periodic pain in the legs, numbness of the limbs, and impaired sensitivity. In the amyotrophic form, the patient complains of muscle weakness and difficulty walking.
    3. The third, pronounced stage, accompanied by the appearance of ulcers on the skin of the feet. In 15% of such patients, the affected areas are amputated to avoid complications.
    4. This disease is accompanied by gradual destruction, deformation, and thinning of the hyaline cartilage located in the knee. Patients have pain in their legs, pain and difficulty walking. The main provoking factors causing arthrosis are vascular complications.

      Due to its thickness and viscosity, the blood of a diabetic flows slowly through the vascular bed and poorly supplies the cells with nutrients and oxygen. The process of removing poisons and toxins is also hampered, which contributes to the formation of intracellular poisoning and inflammation.

      In addition, 85% of diabetic patients are obese. Additional load on thinned knee joints and hypoxia of cartilage leads to the occurrence of gonarthrosis (arthrosis of the knee joint).

      One of the common foot problems with diabetes is the appearance of cracks in the heels. This is far from a cosmetic defect that can be easily treated with a pedicure. Deep, non-healing cracks in the feet threaten the penetration of infections and bacteria, which can lead to serious complications.

      With diabetes, sooner or later the nerve endings in the lower extremities begin to deteriorate, which is almost always accompanied by increased peeling and dry skin. As a result, the skin cracks and wounds appear. If they are not treated on time, foot deformity, gangrene, and ulcers may develop.

      Do you know that in order to protect a diabetic’s feet from unnecessary complications, it is recommended to wear special diabetic socks.

      Impaired metabolism negatively affects all organs. According to disappointing medical statistics, every second victim is faced with a host of pathologies associated with diabetes. One of the most severe complications of diabetes is tissue necrosis due to deterioration of blood circulation in the tissues (gangrene).

      The main symptoms of the pathological process include:

    5. change in skin color (blueness, redness, darkening);
    6. loss of sensation in the feet;
    7. acute pain, weakness when walking (the patient complains that his legs literally give out);
    8. swelling of the affected limb;
    9. low temperature in the problem area;
    10. frequent manifestations of fungal infections.
    11. Treatment of lower extremities with diabetes

      After making a diagnosis, the doctor explains in detail how to treat legs with diabetes. When diabetic polyneuropathy appears, the patient must:

    12. give up bad habits (smoking and drinking alcohol in diabetes mellitus is unacceptable);
    13. control carbohydrate metabolism;
    14. take aldose reductase inhibitors and angioprotectors that correct blood microcirculation and reduce the effect of glucose on nerve fibers;
    15. drink vitamins that improve the transmission of nerve impulses.
    16. In addition, hemosorption, plasmapheresis, enterosorption, anticonvulsants, physiotherapeutic procedures, massages, and exercise therapy are prescribed. If the foot is deformed, the orthopedist selects special shoes and insoles.

      For fungal infections of the feet, doctors recommend using hydrogen peroxide, Chlorhexidine or antifungal creams, ointments, lotions. Iodine, brilliant green and potassium permanganate are not recommended. Treatment for foot fungus can last about a year, depending on the degree of the disease and the extent of damage to the skin and nail plates.

      Treatment of arthrosis of the knee joints is based on the use of:

    17. chondroprotectors that restore cartilage tissue. But if the disease is in an advanced stage and the knee cartilage is completely destroyed, these drugs will not help;
    18. anti-inflammatory drugs that reduce inflammation, reduce swelling, relieve pain;
    19. drugs that reduce blood viscosity and relieve muscle spasms.
    20. In advanced cases, surgery is performed. But it is better not to resort to surgical intervention, since tissue regeneration in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus is much slower and worse than in ordinary people.

      When deep, non-healing cracks appear, doctors prescribe special creams, balms, lotions, ointments, baths, compresses to patients:

    21. Vaseline , moisturizing, disinfecting, softening the skin. Regular use of this remedy after warming baths allows you to quickly heal cracks in the feet;
    22. fir balsam is an excellent remedy for healing deep wounds. They generously lubricate each crack, and put a cotton swab on top;
    23. A paraffin compress is made by melting a little paraffin in a water bath. After cooling, it is applied to the affected area, and clean socks are put on top.
    24. For gangrene, surgical treatment is often used, leading to loss of performance and disability. Therefore, at the first symptoms of a dangerous pathology, it is necessary to take all possible measures to eliminate it.

      Prevention of foot diseases in diabetes

      To prevent leg lesions from developing in type 2 diabetes mellitus, the following preventive measures must be observed:

    25. make every effort to compensate for the underlying disease (diabetes mellitus);
    26. control blood pressure;
    27. wear high-quality natural shoes, selected to fit;
    28. wash your feet daily and inspect your feet for the integrity of the skin;
    29. prevent obesity, which greatly worsens the patient’s condition and provokes the development of severe complications associated with the legs;
    30. do not walk barefoot in public places (bathhouse, shower, swimming pool, beach);
    31. After cutting your nails, wipe your fingers and feet with alcohol;
    32. regularly take increased doses of multivitamins and chondropoectors to prevent joint arthrosis.
    33. With diabetes, you need to understand that it is easier to prevent the development of complications than to treat them later. Timely seeking medical help, as well as following recommendations and preventive measures will help avoid serious consequences and delay the occurrence of problems associated with the lower extremities.

      Swelling of the legs due to diabetes

      Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disease caused by an absolute (type 1 diabetes mellitus) or relative (type 2 diabetes mellitus) deficiency of insulin and the associated disturbance in the absorption of glucose in the body. One of the manifestations of this disease is edema. Why they arise needs to be figured out. There are three causes of edema in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy. The kidneys become unable to excrete the usual amount of fluid. As a result, edema develops. Damage to peripheral nerves (diabetic polyneuropathy). The legs stop feeling cold, heat, pain. A burning sensation, paresthesia, and numbness of the legs appear. Violation of innervation leads to impaired blood circulation. Damage to blood vessels (diabetic angiopathy) leads to impaired blood flow and lymph circulation. The permeability of the vascular wall increases, which facilitates the penetration of fluid into the soft tissues.

      Most often the legs swell. Everyone should know how to determine leg swelling in diabetes mellitus. The lower limbs increase in size and become wider. With swelling, the usual shoes become tight. Sock marks become visible on your feet. When pressing on soft tissue with a finger, a mark remains - a dent. Swelling of the legs due to diabetes can lead to thinning of the skin and decreased sensitivity.

      In severe cases, thrombosis of the blood vessels of the legs may develop. When this complication develops, swelling does not subside in the morning, redness of the skin of the legs appears, and pain occurs when standing. The swelling spreads unevenly - one leg becomes larger than the other. With the development of thrombosis, poorly healing ulcers and wounds may appear. Diabetic polyneuropathy, angiopathy and thrombosis can lead to the development of a complex of symptoms known as diabetic foot.

      To get rid of swelling of the legs in diabetes mellitus, it is first necessary to normalize the level of glucose in the blood. The cause of nephropathy, polyneuropathy and angiopathy is hyperglycemia. By lowering blood glucose levels, you can achieve a significant reduction in swelling.

      Ways to reduce hyperglycemia:

    34. Diet;
    35. An adequate regimen for administering insulin or taking hypoglycemic drugs in tablets, selected by a specialist.
    36. The remaining methods are of auxiliary value. But it’s still worth getting to know them. Moderate physical activity has a beneficial effect on the course of diabetes.

      Positive effects of exercise:

      All this helps reduce swelling of the legs. An accessible method of physical activity for diabetes mellitus is regular walking. Just a few kilometers a day will help avoid the development of complications of diabetes, and will make it possible to maintain health. In order to promptly notice even minor swelling in diabetes mellitus, patients must independently examine their lower extremities every day. This will help avoid the development of unwanted complications.

      Quitting smoking is necessary, because vasospasm caused by nicotine contributes to blood stagnation. Wear soft, comfortable shoes, and it is better to use special orthopedic products. Treatment of concomitant diseases that contribute to the development of edema of the lower extremities (varicose veins, arterial hypertension, heart failure, kidney pathology).

      Treatment of polyneuropathy (B vitamins - Milgamma, Neuromultivit, thioctic, lipoic acid preparations) and angiopathy, in which drugs that improve blood circulation are prescribed (Trental, Pentoxifylline, No-spa, nicotinic acid). Taking diuretics (tablets, injections) is a means of symptomatic therapy.

      Traditional medicine to reduce swelling of the lower extremities: use decoctions of diuretic herbs (horsetail, bearberry leaf, kidney tea). The use of Arfatesin, a decoction of bean pods, helps reduce blood sugar levels. Daily contrast shower or at least foot baths. This procedure tones blood vessels and improves blood circulation. After water activities, your feet should be lubricated with any fatty cream, since diabetes causes dry skin. Gentle massage and physical therapy are required.

      The initial stage of gangrene of the lower extremities in diabetes mellitus and how to treat it

      Diabetes mellitus is not only an increase in blood glucose levels, but also a number of undesirable complications that lead to metabolic disorders that develop during the disease. Some complications of the disease can be corrected at an early stage with modern treatment, but others, once they arise, practically cannot be stopped without radical intervention. Gangrene in diabetes mellitus is just such a malignant disease that significantly complicates a person’s life, and sometimes significantly worsens its prognosis. That is why diabetics are taught to properly care for their extremities, especially their legs, and to recognize the first signs of gangrene in diabetes. All the intricacies of the disease, as well as the treatment of a life-threatening complication, will be discussed below.

      Finding the leading cause

      Most often, gangrene in diabetes mellitus develops on the lower extremities, namely on the distal (farthest from the center of the body) phalanges of the fingers. Localization is associated with limited blood supply to these areas. There may be several causes of leg pathology in diabetes mellitus, and it is not always possible to identify the leading one. Gangrene can be caused by:

    37. Tissue ischemia. Ischemia is a chronic lack of blood supply to a specific area. The tissues do not receive oxygen and nutrients in the proper volume, hypoxia and gradual death begin. The cause of ischemia in diabetics is often progressive widespread vascular atherosclerosis.
    38. Diabetic foot. In itself, it is a formidable complication of diabetes mellitus, and gangrene is an extreme degree of its manifestation. Diabetic foot develops in a diabetic against the background of macroangiopathy - irreversible progressive changes in the vascular wall. Angiopathy is caused by the deposition of a protein that worsens the structure of the vascular wall. The vessel loses its properties and ceases to adequately perform basic functions. Subsequently, ulcers, wounds develop and cuts heal poorly, which leads to long-term inflammation, which in an unfavorable situation develops into symptoms of gangrene.
    39. Disturbance of the normal structure of bone tissue: osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis, leading in certain situations to inflammation and the formation of fistulas and abscesses.
    40. Decreased immunity.
    41. A person’s bad habits can lead to the development of a gangrenous process. Smoking and wearing tight, ill-fitting shoes contribute to the occurrence of necrosis. The situation is worsened by neuropathy, which develops in many diabetics. Due to damage to nerve fibers, many patients experience reduced sensitivity in their legs: a person does not feel that he has developed calluses, corns, or small wounds until the process develops into something more.

      Gangrene on the legs can appear unexpectedly and develop instantly!

      Gangrene of the lower extremities in diabetes mellitus does not develop instantly. On average, a complication in the absence of adequate treatment of the disease can occur 5-15 years from the onset of the disease. However, one should not think that necrosis is the inevitable fate of every diabetic. With high-quality therapy and great adherence to it, diabetic gangrene does not threaten with hyperglycemia.

      Early and late manifestations

      Symptoms of gangrene can be divided into early and late. Gangrene begins, as a rule, nonspecifically. The first signs of gangrene can be disguised as diabetic neuropathy or angiopathy, as well as vascular insufficiency. A person is bothered by intense pain in the projection of the affected finger or foot, swelling, and a marbled tint of the skin at the site of the developing lesion.

      In some cases, red or red-purple spots appear on the skin, somewhat reminiscent of erysipelas, or blisters.

      When opened, the blisters release a liquid mass mixed with blood. The pulse in symmetrical points is less palpable on the affected limb, however, the vascular network is clearly visible through the skin.

      Gangrene progresses gradually. The rate of spread is higher in older people and people with a large number of comorbidities, especially cardiovascular diseases. In the absence of treatment, the initial period passes into the advanced clinical stage. Symptoms:

    42. The pain increases, in some situations the pain syndrome becomes unbearable. Lack of improvement from drug therapy is common.
    43. Skin color changes to black or deep purple.
    44. Pulsation in the vessels adjacent to the site of the lesion is not detected.
    45. Symptoms of general intoxication appear: fever, weakness, headache, chills.
    46. Gangrene in diabetes can be of 2 types: dry and wet. Dry is characterized by slow development. As the process progresses, the blood supply to the affected area deteriorates. The process may continue for several years. Due to the absence of significant inflammation and infection, the condition of a diabetic with dry gangrene does not change much. The human body manages to adapt to the process in some way. The leading symptoms will be a change in the color of the skin to black, and the possible loss of dead areas of the foot (nails, toes).

      There are 2 types of gangrene in diabetes: wet and dry.

      Wet gangrene of the legs in diabetes mellitus differs significantly in clinical picture from dry gangrene. The condition is considered more dangerous than dry gangrene. In the wet form, the process progresses due to infection by anaerobic (they do not require oxygen for their life) microorganisms. As a result, the limb literally rots. The process quickly spreads to surrounding tissues. First, their color changes to burgundy or bright red, and then ulcers appear and decay begins.

      The smell of wet gangrene is very pungent. At the same time, the person’s general condition deteriorates significantly, and intoxication increases. Without treatment, the body cannot always cope with the infection on its own. The only possible treatment option in some situations is amputation of the limb, since antibiotic therapy is often ineffective.

      External changes in the skin of the extremities with wet gangrene will also differ significantly from the dry process. In addition to color changes, ulceration almost always occurs due to impaired circulation in small vessels or due to embolism. The wet form of gangrene can affect more than just the limbs. Sometimes the process spreads to internal organs: gastrointestinal tract, lungs.

      Conservative and surgical therapy

      Treatment of gangrene is divided into conservative and surgical. The first is indicated at the initial stage of the process against the background of diabetes mellitus. Directions of conservative treatment:

    47. Blood glucose compensation. This step is an integral part of therapy. Without achieving acceptable blood sugar levels, it is impossible to stop the pathological process that has begun.
    48. Compliance with the motor regime. The affected area should be immobilized as much as possible.
    49. Fighting infection. For this purpose, antibiotics and antiseptics are used. Treatment may include local therapy (lotions, compresses), but more often local treatment is carried out against the background of massive injection antibiotic therapy.
    50. Increasing local resistance (resistance) and immunity in general. This refers to vitamin therapy and ensuring the necessary supply of micro- and macroelements to the body, as well as proper nutrition.
    51. Reducing the risk of thrombosis and treating existing thrombosis and embolism.
    52. Detoxification therapy, especially when it comes to the wet form. A diabetic is prescribed abundant infusion therapy.
    53. Treatment of gangrene of the lower extremities without amputation is more often prescribed for the dry form of the process, since in this case the process proceeds at a low speed, there is no life-threatening condition, and there is time for the effects of conservative treatment to manifest. In cases with wet gangrene, often when a person is admitted to the hospital, a decision is made to treat the process radically, that is, to resort to amputation of the limb.

      Gangrene can be avoided if you are treated by a doctor and follow the necessary rules!

      Amputation is carried out not at the very place of necrosis and suppuration, but a little higher, that is, if a finger is affected, then the entire foot can be removed if, in the opinion of the attending physician, the process has a high rate of spread. Additional surgical methods for treating gangrene also include the following:

      1. Shunting. Its essence is to restore blood supply to the affected area through the formation of additional blood supply routes - shunts.
      2. Thrombectomy, that is, removal of a blood clot from the lumen of a vessel. Currently, doctors perform the procedure using special probes inserted into the lumen of the vessel. The intervention does not require a large incision, which is quite important for diabetes.
      3. Stenting. Installation of a special device – a stent – ​​in the lumen of the vessel. It restores the patency of the narrowed area of ​​the vascular bed and improves blood supply to the area supplied by the vessel.
      4. In some sources you can find advice on treating gangrene using folk methods: aloe juice, cucumber, carrot juice. However, traditional recipes should be used after consultation with the attending physician. Attempts at self-treatment for wet gangrene can lead to dire consequences and even death. Therefore there is no need to do this. Timely seeking medical help significantly improves a person's chances of a full recovery. With late presentation, the prognosis is usually significantly worse.

        Leg disease in diabetes mellitus symptoms

        How to treat feet with diabetes

        Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism are accompanied by an increase in blood glucose levels; the condition leads to damage to the innervation of the tissues of the lower extremities. The patient loses sensation and experiences constant pain in the legs. Therefore, in order to maintain the ability to move, it is necessary to begin treatment of legs with diabetes mellitus at an early stage of the disease.

        Causes of damage to the lower extremities

        High levels of sugar in the body contribute to impaired blood circulation in the vessels, affecting the transmission of impulses to nerve fibers, which leads to low sensitivity of the lower extremities. As a rule, damage to the leg occurs in an area that receives heavy load during movement.

        Very often the condition is complicated by trophic ulcers and cracks, the reason for this is the patient’s untimely seeking of medical help.

        The most common complications are: diabetic gangrene, nephropathy, retinopathy, trophic ulcers, hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis. Diabetes can also lead to the development of cancer. In almost all cases, a diabetic either dies fighting a painful disease or becomes a real disabled person.

        What should people with diabetes do? The Endocrinological Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences managed to create a remedy that completely cures diabetes mellitus.

        The main causes of diseases of the lower extremities in diabetes mellitus:

      5. blockage of blood vessels;
      6. insufficient oxygen supply to tissues;
      7. change in muscle trophism.
      8. With severe hyperglycemia, patients often complain that their legs hurt due to diabetes. A feeling of pain in the lower extremities appears in both the first and second types of diabetes.

        Typical reasons why legs hurt in diabetes:

      9. Obesity. The second type of diabetes always occurs with excess body weight, and this puts additional stress on muscles and joints.
      10. Age. Hyperglycemia enhances degenerative changes in bone and muscle tissue of the extremities.
      11. Disorders of the cardiovascular system. Promotes poor blood circulation in the vessels and tissues of the legs.
      12. Physical inactivity. Low physical activity leads to stagnation in the lower parts of the body.
      13. Signs to start treatment for leg lesions

        Leg disease most often occurs with type 2 diabetes, as it develops in older people against the background of atherosclerosis and obesity. Diabetics need to monitor the condition of their feet by conducting a daily inspection from the tips of the toes to the femur, paying attention to areas that are subject to increased stress when walking. At the first symptoms of a change in the appearance of the lower extremities, immediate treatment should be started, since amputation of a limb is a serious complication of impaired blood circulation over a long period of time.

        The patient should pay attention to the following signs:

        You can also read: Treatment of diabetic angiopathy

        I have been studying the problem of DIABETES for many years. It's scary when so many people die and even more become disabled due to diabetes.

        I hasten to report good news - the Endocrinological Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences managed to develop a medicine that completely cures diabetes mellitus. At the moment, the effectiveness of this drug is approaching 100%.

        Another good news: the Ministry of Health has achieved the adoption of a special program under which almost the entire cost of the drug is compensated. In Russia and the CIS countries, diabetics can receive the drug under a special program for FREE

        • dry skin and severe itching;
        • pigmented areas appear on the skin;
        • hair loss;
        • constant pale skin;
        • sore legs after minor exertion;
        • decreased sensitivity;
        • the appearance of edema;
        • the damaged limb is bluish in color;
        • long healing process of the wound surface;
        • numbness with tingling.
        • Most often, patients complain that their legs go numb after or during walking; the condition is accompanied by severe pain and often ends in cramps.

          Main goals of diabetic foot treatment

          How to treat legs with diabetes while maintaining the ability to move?

          The main goal of diabetes therapy is constant control of blood glucose levels.

          The choice of drugs for the treatment of symptoms of lower extremity lesions should be made on an individual basis, taking into account the patient’s compatibility with the drug.

          Main directions of therapy:

          • relief or complete elimination of pain;
          • maintaining the ability to move;
          • restoration of blood circulation;
          • prevention of the development of atherosclerosis.
          • In the case when treatment is carried out at an early stage of the disease, it is first necessary to correct the lifestyle, establish a nutritious diet, reduce body weight, and perform moderate physical activity.

            In case of severe disruption of blood flow, surgical intervention is indicated to restore its normal circulation.

            Treatment of leg wounds should take into account the severity of the pathological process and the presence of concomitant diseases.

            Stories from our readers

            Conquered diabetes at home. It's been a month since I forgot about sugar spikes and taking insulin. Oh, how I used to suffer, constant fainting, calls to the ambulance. How many times have I gone to endocrinologists, but they only say one thing - “Take insulin.” And now it’s been 5 weeks and my blood sugar levels are normal, not a single injection of insulin, and all thanks to this article. A must read for anyone with diabetes!

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            Only after a comprehensive diagnosis can a specialist prescribe a drug that will be suitable for this type of pathology

            Ulcers on the legs in diabetes mellitus are treated with antiseptic water and alcohol solutions in the area of ​​direct localization of the wound surface. To enhance the healing process of ulcers, wound healing agents are used, which promotes increased cell division and the formation of new skin cells.

            In case of severe degenerative changes in the skin, it is necessary to resort to surgical intervention, during which the affected areas with signs of necrosis are eliminated.

            The following groups of drugs are used in conservative treatment:

          • Reducing blood glucose levels (Rosiglitazone, Gliquidone, Liraglutide).
          • Reducing cholesterol levels (Zocor, Allicor).
          • Vasodilators (Verapamil, Cilostazol).
          • Antibiotics when bacterial microflora is attached (Amoxicillin, Rifampicin, Erythromycin).
          • Antiseptics (iodine, brilliant green, ethyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide).
          • Painkillers (Ibuprofen, Voltaren, Indomethacin).
          • Treatment for leg swelling due to diabetes is aimed at reducing tissue swelling and preventing the progression of the condition. For these purposes, types of diuretics are prescribed that remove excess fluid from the body. Diuretics are prescribed provided there is no severe kidney damage.

            Pain relief

            Treatment for leg pain due to diabetes is aimed at reducing the level of hyperglycemia and eliminating painful sensations.

            What to do at home to reduce pain without taking medications:

          • Selection of orthopedic shoes. By taking into account the anatomical features of the foot, the load on soft tissues is reduced, preventing the appearance of ulcers and cracks.
          • Normalization of body weight. Losing extra pounds will help improve tissue tolerance to insulin and reduce stress on your legs.
          • Gymnastic exercises. Special therapeutic exercises improve microcirculation of lymph in the tissues of the whole body.
          • Elimination of associated pathologies. By eliminating diseases of the cardiovascular system, you can reduce pain.
          • Physiotherapy. After a course of hydromassage of the legs using magnets on active points, pain and fatigue in the joints and muscles of the lower extremities are reduced.
          • Most diabetics have a question about whether the symptoms of the disease can be cured by using alternative medicine recipes.

            The disease can be cured by supplementing drug therapy with folk remedies based on herbal decoctions and infusions.

            Treatment of legs with folk remedies for diabetes will help complement drug therapy

            Effective recipes for relieving pain and swelling of leg tissues due to illness:

          • A decoction based on flax seeds. To prepare you need to take 2 tbsp. l. flax seeds, pour 500 ml of boiling water over them, cook for 15-20 minutes over low heat. Let the broth brew at room temperature for 2 hours, then filter. The decoction is consumed for 5 days, 2 times a day, 1/4 cup.
          • Alcohol tincture of Kalanchoe leaves. Chop the leaves of the plant thoroughly and place in a 500 ml saucepan. Pour vodka or ethyl alcohol over Kalanchoe leaves and leave to infuse for 2 weeks. Use as a lotion or for rubbing.
          • Cream based on nettle root and vegetable oil. Bring 150 ml of any oil to a boil, then add chopped nettle root to it and boil for 15 minutes. The cream is cooled and then applied to the swollen areas.
          • With timely detection and treatment of pathology, severe complications that can lead to leg amputation can be avoided. If you follow all the recommendations and prescriptions of a specialist, it is possible to maintain free movement without pain on both legs.

            What to do if your legs hurt with diabetes?

            Treatment of diabetic feet should begin as early as possible. A consistently high concentration of sugar in the blood causes disruption of all types of metabolism - carbohydrate, fat, mineral, protein and water-salt. Hormonal and metabolic changes negatively affect the functioning of the entire body and lead to the development of serious diabetic complications. The cardiovascular system is primarily affected. As the disease progresses, tissue nutrition, especially peripheral tissue, deteriorates. Due to the intense load on the lower extremities, pathological processes in them develop especially quickly.

            Diabetic angiopathy of the lower extremities

            One of the reasons why legs hurt in patients with diabetes is diabetic angiopathy. It develops as a result of damage to small (microangiopathy) and large (macroangiopathy) blood vessels. The complication occurs against the background of incorrectly selected treatment or its absence. High levels of glucose in the blood, as well as sudden and repeated changes during the day, have a destructive effect on capillaries and large arteries.

            As a result, glucose begins to intensively seep into the thickness of the walls of the blood vessels of the legs. It disrupts their structure and reduces permeability. The pathological process is accompanied by the accumulation in the walls of blood vessels of glucose metabolic products (fructose and sorbitol), which have the ability to accumulate fluid. The vascular walls filled with moisture swell, swell and thicken. Their lumen narrows sharply.

            High glucose levels activate the process of thrombus formation. Blood clots forming on the walls of blood vessels further narrow the lumen and impair blood circulation.

            Destroyed by glucose, the endothelium (the layer of cells lining the inner surface of blood vessels) loses the ability to produce a substance that regulates the width of blood vessels. Their narrowing can be so strong that blood circulation in the capillaries can completely stop. Blood vessels are more likely to break down in the lower extremities, which is why people with diabetes have leg pain.

            Vasoconstriction is promoted by the atherosclerotic process, which occurs due to lipid metabolism disorders. Cholesterol deposits formed on their walls increase due to the proliferation of connective tissue. Due to a critical deterioration in blood circulation, tissues suffer from hypoxia (acute lack of oxygen).

            Diabetic angiopathy is characterized by a feeling of numbness, coldness and “crawling goosebumps” in the legs. With severe narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels in the lower extremities, cramps and pain appear.

            Pain in the legs in diabetes is so severe that it causes a person to limp. Pain syndrome usually occurs during movement, when tissues need additional portions of oxygen.

            Diabetic neuropathy

            Legs hurt in diabetes when diabetic neuropathy develops. The complication is characterized by damage to the nervous system. The nervous system consists of nerve fibers collected in bundles, which are held together by a sheath of connective tissue (perineurium). The perineurium contains blood vessels that supply nerve fibers.

            In diabetes mellitus, sharp fluctuations in blood sugar concentration are observed:

          • With increased glucose levels, a large number of free radicals are formed, causing oxidative reactions.
          • With a lack of sugar, nerve fibers experience a lack of oxygen.

      High levels of glucose in the bloodstream cause fructose and sorbitol to accumulate in nerve fibers, causing swelling. As a result, the nerve bundles partially lose their functions. Along with diabetic changes, the myelin sheaths that insulate the nerve fibers are destroyed. Because of this, nerve impulses are scattered and do not reach their final goal. Over time, the fibers atrophy and stop transmitting nerve signals. If diabetes mellitus is accompanied by high blood pressure, nerve cells may die as a result of spasm of small capillaries.

      Leg pain in diabetes mellitus occurs in response to any minor skin irritation. Sometimes the patient may wake up at night from the pain caused by the touch of the blanket. Damage to nerve fibers usually occurs symmetrically on both lower extremities. Unpleasant sensations appear on the skin in the form of tingling, burning, and “goosebumps.”

      Sometimes a sharp dagger pain pierces the legs. They reduce sensitivity. This condition is called sock syndrome. A person feels objects touched by his foot indistinctly, as if he were wearing socks. His lower limbs are constantly cold. Due to decreased sensitivity in the legs, the patient's coordination of movements is impaired. The lower limbs do not obey him. Restricted movement and poor blood circulation cause muscle atrophy. They lose strength and decrease in size.

      Decreased sensitivity does not allow a person to feel pain in the legs when injured, or to feel a sharp or hot object. He may not notice an ulcer on his leg for a long time. This condition is dangerous to the patient's health.

      Diabetic arthropathy

      Diabetic arthropathy develops against the background of neuropathy. Due to decreased sensitivity in the legs, a person is often injured. But bruises, sprains, micro-tears of ligaments and muscle fibers go unnoticed by them.

      Due to lack of treatment, foci of inflammation occur in injured tissues. The small joints of the feet are predominantly affected. Pathological processes cause an increase in blood flow in bone tissue. Its consequence is the leaching of minerals from the bones. The pathology also progresses due to deterioration in the nutrition of the cartilage tissue of the joints, which occurs against the background of a decrease in the lumen of blood vessels.

      Such leg diseases develop less frequently in type 2 diabetes than in type 1 diabetes. Features of the disease:

    54. Women are more likely to suffer from diabetic arthropathy.
    55. The disease progresses without control of blood sugar levels. The higher the glucose values, the sooner pathological changes will appear.
    56. As a result of the development of the disease, the pathological process can spread to bone tissue (osteoarthropathy).
    57. Violation of protein metabolism leads to the appearance of hyperstosis. Hyperstosis is a pathological increase in bone matter in bone tissue.
    58. At the initial stage of the disease, swelling of the extremities in the joint area appears. The skin in this area turns red and becomes hot. Slight pain may be observed if the pathological process has not caused serious damage to the nerve fibers. With diabetic arthropathy, foot deformity is clearly visible. The patient suffers from frequent dislocations and fractures of the leg bones. Diabetic changes usually appear in both legs with little time difference.

      Inflammatory processes are often complicated by the addition of a secondary infection, which provokes phlegmon and abscesses.

      Diseases of the skin of the feet in diabetes mellitus

      Metabolic disorders cause the development of dermatological diseases. Patients often develop brown spots on their legs due to diabetes. They are a sign of diabetic dermopathy. Round or oval lesions are covered with small flaky scales and do not cause discomfort to a person. For dermopathy, no treatment is prescribed.

      Due to a violation of carbohydrate metabolism, spots with a coating may appear on the skin of the legs, the color of which varies from yellow to red or bluish. This disease is called necrobiosis lipoidica. The skin becomes very thin and vulnerable. As the disease progresses, painful sores may develop. Over time, they disappear on their own. A brownish stain remains in their place. Necrobiosis lipoidica is found mainly in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

      Peeling skin on the legs is a sign of diabetic atherosclerosis. They are covered with painful and difficult to heal wounds. Diabetic atherosclerosis can cause pain in the leg muscles.

      Diabetic blisters are subcutaneous nodules. They resemble a regular burn. The disease goes away on its own without treatment after a few weeks.

      With diabetes mellitus, yellow formations (plaques) may appear on the skin of the legs. They are a sign of xanthamatosis. Xanthomas can reach 2–3 cm in diameter. They appear as a result of lipid metabolism disorders and are lipid deposits.

      Darkening of the skin around the joints of the legs may indicate acanthosis nigricans. It develops in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus against the background of increased insulin resistance. In the affected areas, the skin thickens, itches and emits an unpleasant odor.

      Treatment of complications of diabetes mellitus

      If signs of diabetes complications appear, you should consult a doctor. He will diagnose the disease, determine the stage of its development and tell you what to do in this case. If necessary, treatment will be prescribed.

      Therapy is aimed at lowering blood sugar levels and preventing sudden spikes. Patients are prescribed meglitinides (Nateglinide, Repaglinide) or sulfonylurea derivatives (Gliclazide, Liquidon, Glimepiride).

      Treatment of legs for type 2 diabetes mellitus is carried out with the help of drugs that increase tissue sensitivity to insulin. These include thiazolidinediones (Rosiglitazone, Ciglitazone, Troglitazone, Englitazone). To reduce the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (Acarbose, Miglitol) are used.

      To reduce pain, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Nimesulide, Indamethacin) are prescribed. Local anesthetics are also used (Versatis with lidocaine, Ketoprofen gel). For severe pain, tricyclic antidepressants (Amitriptyline) are used. To eliminate painful convulsions, anticonvulsants (Gabalentin, Pregabalin) are prescribed.

      Neurotropic drugs (Milgamma, vitamins B1, B6 and B12) help treat diabetic legs. They relieve inflammation, help restore nerve fibers and improve the conduction of nerve impulses.

      Simvastatin, Lovastatin or Atorvastatin are used to lower cholesterol levels. Lowering blood pressure is achieved by taking Veralamil, Nifediline, Lisinopril. To strengthen blood vessels, the attending physician will prescribe Pentoxifylline, Bilobil or Rutoside. In addition, diuretics (Furosemide, Spironolactone) are indicated. To prevent blood clots, take Aspirin or Sulodexide.

      To improve metabolic processes, injections of Solcoseryl or Trifosadenine are prescribed.

      Sometimes, after treatment, the symptoms of leg diseases may worsen. This reaction indicates the restoration of nerve fibers. A decrease in pain and discomfort occurs after two months.

      How to care for sore feet

      People with diabetes need to examine their feet daily, including the toes and the areas between them. They must be washed regularly with warm water (not hotter than 37°C). After using the toilet, the skin should be carefully dried.

      It is not allowed to warm your feet, walk barefoot or wear shoes without socks. Treatment of calluses and other skin diseases can only be carried out after consultation with a doctor and under his supervision.

      Avoid wearing tight shoes with rough edges, inseams or unevenness. Socks with seams should not be used. They need to be changed daily. Nails should be cut with blunt-tipped scissors. In this case, you should not round the corners of the nail plate. If unusual sensations appear, the patient should consult a doctor.

      Signs of diabetes on the legs

      Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, which is characterized by increased levels of glucose against the background of reduced utilization by the body's cells.

      Mechanism of damage to the lower extremities

      This disease leads to various complications that negatively affect the condition of the lower extremities. We are talking about the following mechanisms:

    59. impaired arterial circulation due to atherosclerotic lesions of large vessels (macroangiopathy);
    60. deposition of fibrinoid in the vascular wall of small arteries (microangiopathy);
    61. damage to nervous tissue, which manifests itself as polyneuropathy.
    62. It is these pathological processes that determine the damage to the legs against the background of hyperglycemia.

      Signs of damage to the lower extremities in diabetes mellitus

      The most severe is the development of diabetic foot. which will be discussed below. However, in the initial stages, patients are concerned about:

    63. long-term non-healing wounds on the legs that arose as a result of injury;
    64. tingling sensation in the legs;
    65. cramps in the calf muscles;
    66. hair loss on legs;
    67. the skin becomes thin;
    68. the pulsation of arteries is disrupted - popliteal, tibial and others, which are determined by palpation (feeling);
    69. there is a feeling of chilliness, numbness of the toes, etc.
    70. Diabetic foot - general characteristics

      Diabetic foot is a specific complication of diabetes mellitus, which has a combined development mechanism (see above). Clinically manifested by the following main signs:

    71. formation of ulcerative defects;
    72. development of purulent lesions of the legs;
    73. gait disturbance;
    74. thickening of the fingers, changes in the shape of the foot (as osteopathy also develops against the background of diabetes).
    75. This syndrome occurs in 10% of patients with diabetes, and those with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes) are most susceptible. The success of treating this condition is largely determined by the timeliness of treatment. Thus, 40-50% of people with diabetic foot could have avoided limb amputation if they had sought medical help in time.

      Diabetologists distinguish three main forms of leg damage within this syndrome:

    76. angiopathic – vascular lesions come first;
    77. neuropathic – lesions of nerve endings predominate;
    78. mixed – vascular and neurological disorders are combined.
    79. Treatment of diabetic foot syndrome

      The main treatment is the optimal level of compensation for diabetes mellitus, that is, it is necessary to normalize the level of glucose in the blood. In addition, it is necessary to prescribe medications such as:

      For your sugar to return to normal, you just need to take it.

    80. antiplatelet agents (prevent platelet aggregation);
    81. anticoagulants (prevent activation of coagulation factors);
    82. metabolic drugs (improve the course of metabolic reactions);
    83. neuroprotectors are drugs that protect nerve tissue from damage.
    84. Prevention of diabetic foot

      It is very important to take measures to prevent the development of this condition in patients with diabetes. The main preventive measures are:

    85. complete cessation of smoking;
    86. wearing comfortable (not tight) shoes;
    87. normalization of body weight (fighting obesity);
    88. avoid walking barefoot when the risk of injury is high;
    89. compliance with the rules of personal foot hygiene;
    90. a neat manicure to avoid the formation of wounds and cracks;
    91. identification of microtraumas through a thorough examination and subsequent timely consultation with a doctor.
    92. Sources: http://serdec.ru/lechenie/kak-lechit-nogi-saharnom-diabete, http://saharvnorme.ru/raznoe/kak-lechit-nogi-pri-saxarnom-diabete.html, http:// www.infmedserv.ru/stati/priznaki-diabeta-na-nogah

      If you are reading these lines, we can conclude that you or your loved ones have diabetes.

      We conducted an investigation, studied a bunch of materials and, most importantly, tested most of the methods and medications for diabetes. The verdict is:

      If all the drugs were given, it was only a temporary result; as soon as the use was stopped, the disease sharply intensified.

      The only drug that has given significant results is Diawell.

      At the moment, this is the only drug that can completely cure diabetes. Diawell showed a particularly strong effect in the early stages of the development of diabetes mellitus.

      We made a request to the Ministry of Health:

      And for readers of our site there is now an opportunity

      get Diawell for FREE !

      Attention! Cases of sales of counterfeit drug Diawell have become more frequent.

      By placing an order using the links above, you are guaranteed to receive a quality product from the official manufacturer. In addition, when ordering on the official website, you receive a money-back guarantee (including transportation costs) if the drug does not have a therapeutic effect.

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