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How to restore skin on your leg

13 Jun 18

Nail restoration after fungus

After removal, restoring toenails is a lengthy procedure that requires patience and complex work. If you ignore and do not apply treatment methods to the affected nail and finger, you can worsen the problem, as the fungal spores quickly spread to other areas. Before choosing cosmetic products, you should consult a doctor. Depending on the age, gender and lifestyle of the patient, treatment will be prescribed. The right set of vitamins and beneficial microelements in the diet will help restore nails that remain or promote the growth of new ones.

Causes and symptoms of nail fungus

A decrease in the body's protective function often causes fungus to appear on the leg or arms. With onychomycosis, the plate becomes coarser, changes color, the skin flakes and itches. There is an unpleasant smell of feet. The nail changes color and often breaks. Initially, the disease is virtually asymptomatic. Onychomycosis is a disease associated with ailment of the nail plate due to fungus, appears due to:

  • wearing uncomfortable and tight shoes;
  • finger injuries;
  • failure to comply with personal hygiene rules;
  • consequences of improper manicure/pedicure;
  • infection through reservoirs, swimming pools, baths, saunas for general use.
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    Methods for restoring the nail plate after fungus

    After getting rid of the fungal infection, it will not be possible to quickly grow the plate after removing the nail. This therapy requires special procedures to restore the nail.

    Restoration includes a whole technique in which the nail grows back in a normal state. A preventive measure in the fight against the disease is to follow the rules of personal hygiene so as not to disrupt the results of the therapy process. The table describes methods for recovery:

    How the nail will be restored depends on the patient’s decision. Self-prescription of a drug or cosmetic procedure can cause a negative reaction of the skin or worsen the problem. Therefore, before going to a store or pharmacy, you should consult a doctor. Cosmetic therapy can be combined with traditional recipes. It is important to use not only contact therapy with antifungal drugs, but also restore immunity through nutrition.

    Cosmetic preparations

    Medicine indicates that it is possible to grow a smooth and shiny nail without defects in the affected area only if the matrix is ​​not damaged. In cosmetic procedures, there are special strips and varnishes for restoration (“Smart Enamel”). Paraffin applications, ointments and creams are sold. The affected plate is removed using a hardware pedicure or conservative medications. Products from the “IBX” series are based on the action of vitamin A and several types of fruit acid. They are used for both treatment and prevention of onychomycosis. “Clinic Nail” varnish accelerates nail growth and has a positive effect on the plate.

    Traditional medicine claims that you should not spend money on expensive products and drugs. This is a controversial opinion that doctors refute. To prepare homemade masks or baths, essential oils, chamomile, calendula, celandine and other elements are used. If the patient does not have an allergic reaction to the components of the prescription, such therapy will not harm, but will help strengthen the plate and accelerate nail growth.

    Therapy baths

    The baths are prepared using sea salt, herbal infusions with the addition of a couple of drops of tea tree aromatic oils. Salt concentration - 1 tsp. for 250 ml of water. Having prepared such a bath with a hot but not scalding liquid, the patient dips his fingers for 15-20 minutes. After this, you can proceed to other methods of influence. It is better to do the manipulation before going to bed, putting on socks after the bath. Red spots on the skin and nails go away after exposure to natural ingredients that have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.

    The composition of folk masks includes vitamin complexes, sea buckthorn, citrus fruits, and olive oils. Masks are also prepared based on potatoes, pre-cooked and softened. Gelatin masks are used for disposal, which are endowed with healing properties due to keratin. Apply the mask to clean skin and nails, insulate it with a film or plastic bag and put a sock on top. You need to keep it for about 20 minutes. then rinse with warm water.

    Nutrition for recovery

    Sources of vitamin C include bell peppers, citrus fruits, rose hips, tomatoes, currants and gooseberries. Chicken liver, eggs and carrots will add vitamin A to the body. Greens and olive oil will provide antioxidants in the form of vitamin E. Calcium will provide dairy and fermented milk products. Nutrition should be balanced and not overload the body. Alcohol, junk and fatty foods should be excluded from the diet.

    Recovery after nail removal

    The removed plate is restored within 6-12 months.

    This depends on the period of the year, the patient’s health, removal technique, hormonal balance and age. After the removal operation, the doctor gives the necessary recommendations that should be followed. It is important not to squeeze the bandage that secures the affected area, and to follow the rules of hygiene. The use of synthetic cosmetic care products is strictly prohibited.

    How to restore skin on your leg

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    How to restore skin after eczema: pharmacy creams, folk remedies, doctor’s advice

    What do you need to know to get rid of traces of dermatosis?

    To restore the skin of your hands after eczema, you first need to understand why, to put it mildly, unsightly traces of dermatosis remain in places where the skin is damaged. This phenomenon of hyperpigmentation is associated with disruption of melanin cells caused by a prolonged inflammatory process. Without fulfilling the necessary conditions to eliminate the residual effects of the disease, unattractive spots from dermatosis will remain on the epidermis for a long time, so it is extremely important:

  • Avoid sudden temperature changes and insufficient air humidity. During the heating season, it is imperative to use humidifiers.
  • Take a non-hot bath, and for bathing use water with a temperature no higher than 25°C.
  • Minimize the use of household chemicals. To make dermatosis stains disappear faster, use rubber gloves when washing dishes.
  • Regularly moisturize the epidermis and prevent its top layer from drying out.
  • Doctors give a lot of advice not only on how to restore skin after eczema. In order for stains and scars to disappear from the surface of the epidermis, you should be careful when choosing a washing powder. You can only use a safe detergent with hypoallergenic ingredients. When washing, it is not advisable to add a lot of powder to the washing machine - in this case, things will be harder to rinse, even if you select the double rinse mode.

    Despite the fact that the painful symptoms of eczema are far behind, when choosing clothes, preference should be given only to natural materials. In case of intertriginous eczema and the need for constant use of antiperspirants, it is better to trust pharmaceutical preparations that contain safe substances and do not contain aluminum chloride, zirconium hydrochloride, or sulfates.

    External products for moisturizing and restoring damaged skin

    In most cases, eczema develops on the extremities. You can restore your hands after an exacerbation of the chronic form of the disease by using a whole range of special means. Among preparations for external use, first of all, it is worth noting formulations with the largest mass of fatty substances necessary for nourishing and moisturizing weakened skin:

  • Eucerin is one of the most effective solutions, since the drug has a multifaceted effect, relieving irritation, dryness, and healing cracks. Paraffin helps to form the correct wound-healing environment, creating a barrier protection that regulates the rate of water evaporation from the skin, and panthenol starts regeneration processes.
  • Dermalex is a safe non-hormonal cream that can be used to eliminate traces of dermatosis in adults and children. The product activates the mechanism for restoring the natural skin barrier, promoting healing and external regeneration. Thanks to the elements in the cream that compensate for the lack of natural ceramides, Dermalex effectively relieves flaking and roughening of the skin.
  • Losterin is a modern medicine produced in several pharmacological forms: cream, shower gel and shampoo. The simultaneous use of all three external agents is necessary both during the illness and during the healing stage. We especially recommend Losterin for use in seborrheic eczema of the scalp and face.
  • Lubriderm is another assistant in restoring the epidermis after eczematous rashes, restoring the elasticity and firmness of the skin. The lotion does not contain alcohol, so it does not dry the skin, but nourishes and moisturizes it. The product can be used by patients of any age, with the exception of newborns. The duration of use, as a rule, is no more than a month.
  • Such products belong to the category of medicinal and cosmetic products; they are usually used after bathing. It is ideal to carry out restorative procedures before bedtime.

    You can restore skin after eczema using a set of special products.

    Creams for eliminating scars and small scars after eczema

    Special attention should be paid to medications whose action is aimed at tightening scars, eliminating noticeable scars and pits on the skin after scratching crustose crusts.

    Among the popular and effective drugs it is worth noting:

  • Contractubex is prescribed for various skin diseases, or rather, to get rid of external traces of the disease. There are no age restrictions on the use of the product; the cream can be applied to the skin of pregnant and lactating women. During therapeutic treatment, it is extremely important not to expose scar tissue to external influences of cold and ultraviolet rays. Among the possible side effects, it is worth noting slight itching at the very beginning of treatment.
  • Strataderm is an analogue of the previous drug, but has a higher cost. Available in gel form, the only contraindication for use is individual intolerance to at least one of the components in the composition. Strataderm successfully eliminates scars and tightens pits, but therapy must begin at the stage of formation of eczematous crusts.
  • Lidaza is a broad-spectrum external preparation that is used by injection. It can be used to restore the epidermis not only on the hands, but also on areas with delicate skin (eyelids, chest, folds). The manufacturer warns of the risk of developing an allergic reaction.
  • Traditional medicines that eliminate traces of eczema on the skin of the hands

    The use of medications simultaneously with folk remedies is a guarantee of speedy healing and elimination of scars, getting rid of blemishes and returning the skin to its former healthy appearance. Homemade recipes have been used for dermatological ailments for centuries.

    Compared to the effects of traditional medications, they, of course, do not produce such a quick and strong effect, but unlike pharmaceutical creams and ointments, alternative treatment is much safer due to the absence of aggressive chemical compounds in the composition of medications. In addition, homemade drugs have virtually no side effects or contraindications, with the exception of the individual pathological reaction of the body.

    You can restore the skin of your hands using folk remedies using several recipes, which, according to user reviews, are most often used at the healing stage and deserve detailed consideration:

    • Scrub made from honey and sugar . The product can be used only after the wounds have completely healed and there are no cracks. Thanks to the antimicrobial and antiseptic properties of the main product, it is possible to restore a healthy tone to the skin and cleanse it of dead particles. After mixing sugar and honey, you need to lightly massage the healed areas on your arms, legs, elbows, and then rinse with running water.
    • Turmeric based ointment. To forget about hyperemia on the skin after eczema, you should use sesame oil and yellow-fragrant seasoning. For 1 tbsp. l. vegetable fat will require 1 tsp. turmeric. Apply dermatosis stains twice a day, morning and evening.
    • Hand baths with oats . The procedure is carried out before bedtime, every day for 2-3 weeks. Oats, crushed into flour, help restore a healthy tone to the skin and make small scars less noticeable. To 1 liter of water, temperature no more than 30°C, add 2 tbsp. l. oats. For extensive eczematous lesions, you can take a bath, immersing your whole body in the medicinal solution. In this case, the concentration of oats will have to be increased to 2 glasses.
    • Apple cider vinegar and honey . A powerful antifungal and antibacterial agent, helps restore the former elasticity of tissues, remove dryness and residual peeling. Mix apple cider vinegar, honey and water in equal parts. It is necessary to treat the affected areas with this medicine through massage once a day. The average course of treatment is 2 weeks.
    • Lemon juice . As you know, this citrus is the simplest natural bleach. In order to remove red and old pigment spots from the skin, it is enough to apply lemon juice to problem areas twice a day, leaving it to act for a couple of minutes. It is not recommended to keep the product on the skin for a long time due to the high natural acid content.
    • Lemon juice will help remove red and old age spots from the skin.

      In conclusion, about skin restoration after dermatosis

      The use of any of the above prescriptions must be agreed with the attending physician - this will prevent the consequences of illiterate self-medication and will allow the specialist to choose the most appropriate medicine in a particular clinical case from a professional point of view. In addition, along with the use of external medications and folk remedies, dermatologists advise regularly taking fish oil. Omega-3 fatty acids in its composition are exactly what is necessary for the health of the epidermis.

      How to restore the skin on your hands or any other areas of the body affected by eczema? First of all, be patient. To get rid of unattractive scars and spots after dermatosis, you don’t need to wait for a quick result. But with a serious approach and professional medical care, it will be possible to get rid of eczema marks forever.

      What marks usually remain on the skin of the hands after eczema?

      Depending on what type of dermatosis the epidermis was affected, noticeable traces of the disease may subsequently remain. For example, after blisters (with weeping eczema) scars remain; after peeling and cracks, small scars and extensive red spots often appear.

      Is it possible to use a hand skin restoration product without consulting a doctor?

      Despite the fact that most drugs are sold in pharmacies without a prescription, it is advisable to obtain prior consultation with a specialist. This will not only avoid side effects, but also use the most appropriate drug.

      Will traditional medicines help restore skin?

      Yes, but alternative treatment often requires a longer duration of use than medicinal and cosmetic preparations. By correctly combining both courses of therapy, you can achieve noticeable results much faster than expected.

      Blood circulation in the legs - how to restore

      Everyone knows that the main task of blood vessels is to deliver blood to every cell of the human body and back. The vascular bed on the way from the heart branches many times and reaches the level of the smallest vessels - capillaries. It is in these microscopic vessels that oxygen and nutrients are exchanged between arterial blood and cells. The tissues return carbon dioxide and metabolic products, which must be excreted from the body. At the slightest disturbance of this harmonious system at any level - from the aorta to the capillaries and veins - conditions and diseases associated with circulatory disorders arise. In our article we will talk about how to restore veins and other vessels.

      Plaque is the cause of blood flow disturbance

      Strictly speaking, there is only one reason for impaired blood circulation - the lack of normal blood circulation in the vascular bed. This most often happens for the following reasons:

      1. Thrombosis of veins or arteries;
      2. Atherosclerotic damage to the arteries - the formation of cholesterol plaques in the lumen of the arteries;
      3. Violations of the integrity of blood vessels - both consequences of traumatic injuries and surgical interventions;
      4. External compression of blood vessels by bone protrusions, tumors, abnormal tissue lesions, hematomas, and so on;
      5. Congenital vascular anomalies - for example, dysplasia of the walls of the arteries or the absence of the valve apparatus of the veins.
      6. Acquired anomalies of the vascular wall - condition after coagulation or sclerosis of veins, consequences of previous thrombophlebitis, endarteritis, vasculitis - autoimmune vascular lesions, Raynaud's disease, diabetic angiopathy.

      The clinical picture of tissue malnutrition can be very diverse. This depends on the type of disorder and the type of vessels involved. We list the main symptoms for each type of vessel.

      Disturbances in arterial vessels develop most acutely and threaten more severe consequences. Their symptoms are as follows:

    • Pain in the affected area - for example, pain varies in nature depending on the severity of circulatory failure. The pain changes its character from dull to acute, and can be constant or as a result of stress during physical activity.
    • Discoloration of the skin. Most often, with arterial circulatory disorders, the skin of the affected structure is paler. Sometimes, against the background of arterial plethora, a limb may be red and swollen for a short time, then this condition is replaced by pallor and even marbling of the skin.
    • Violation of skin temperature. When blood flow through the arteries is disrupted, the tissues become cold to the touch.
    • Impaired skin sensitivity - with arterial disturbances of blood flow in the extremities, the skin of the lower extremities loses its sensitivity, both pain and temperature.
    • Loss of pulse in the peripheral arteries. When trying to feel the pulsation of the arteries in typical places, the researcher notes a significant weakening of the pulse or its complete absence.
    • Dysfunction of the limbs – when the limbs are malnourished, the muscles are the first to suffer. Therefore, arterial disorders are most characterized by muscle weakness, muscle rigidity, and spastic pain in the muscles when trying to bend or straighten a limb.
    • The outcome of arterial circulation disorders will be gangrene of an organ or limb - that is, its necrosis and death. The speed of this process will directly depend on the degree of circulatory impairment, the caliber of the affected vessels and therapeutic measures.

      Here are the following symptoms:

    • Pain. The pain syndrome is not as pronounced as with arterial disorders. Disorders of venous blood flow are characterized by dull and arching pain, especially after physical activity.
    • Edema is extremely characteristic of venous congestion and chronic venous insufficiency.
    • Sensory disturbances. With venous disorders, skin sensitivity develops gradually, changing its character: it can be increased or decreased.
    • Changes in the color of the skin occur with a long course of the disease. Due to the transformation of hemoglobin in stagnant blood, the skin changes its color and becomes brown, thickens and peels. This phenomenon is called varicose dermatitis.
    • The appearance of trophic ulcers - areas of the skin in which swelling and venous insufficiency have led to complete compression of the supplying capillaries. Due to oxygen starvation in such areas, the tissues die, forming a defect - an ulcer.
    • Circulatory disorders in the capillaries can resemble symptoms of both arterial and venous insufficiency. These disorders develop gradually, gradually, initially disturbing the patient during physical activity. The patient may notice periodic coldness of the extremities, disturbances in temperature and pain sensitivity, changes in the structure of the skin and nails, convulsions and a crawling sensation. With a long-term course of such microcirculation disorders, tissue ischemia inevitably forms - infarction, gangrene, necrosis.

      I would like to immediately note that any acute situation - arterial thrombosis, venous thrombophlebitis and other dangerous circulatory disorders must be treated in a hospital under the supervision of surgeons, phlebologists or vascular surgeons. It is they who will decide how to restore blood circulation in a particular patient in a particular situation.

      Sometimes surgical intervention is required to restore blood circulation: removal of a blood clot or atherosclerotic plaque, vascular plastic surgery, freeing blood vessels from hematomas or tumors compressing them. In some cases, you can try to restore blood circulation without surgery - for example, to dissolve a blood clot with special drugs - thrombolytics.

      Only after the acute situation has been relieved can rehabilitation measures begin. Rehabilitation after surgery includes drug treatment and auxiliary methods.

      Venotonics or drugs that improve the tone of the venous wall and have a protective effect on it. These are medicines of both systemic (tablets and capsules) and local action (ointments and gels) based on synthetic substances or plant extracts. Such drugs must be used after vein surgery.

      Anti-atherosclerotic drugs or cholesterol-lowering drugs. These are special substances - statins, which bind cholesterol in the intestines and prevent it from being absorbed. Statins are prescribed to patients after episodes of arterial insufficiency due to cholesterol plaques in the vessels, for example, the lower extremities.

      Drugs that strengthen the vascular wall. Such medications include ascorbic acid or vitamin C, rutin, Etamsylate, horse chestnut extract, nettle extract, folic acid and other B vitamins, omega-three fatty acids.

      Drugs that affect microcirculation—disaggregants. Such drugs work at the capillary level, normalizing blood flow and maintaining normal blood clotting. Disaggregants are Heparin, Pentoxifylline, Dipyridamole, Actovegin, Aspirin.

      Heparin and low molecular weight heparins - these substances stabilize blood clotting. Heparins are especially effective when it is necessary to quickly restore blood circulation in the legs after venous or arterial thrombosis. They can be used both internally - in the form of injections, and topically - in the form of ointments and gels.

      Underwater shower massage

      Massage. Considering that, according to the law of physiology, the outflow of blood determines its further inflow, massage techniques should be aimed primarily at restoring the outflow of blood from the affected tissue. This means that massage movements should be directed along the course of the venous vessels - from the periphery to the center. For example, when trying to restore blood circulation in the leg, the massage should begin with the foot, gradually moving towards the thigh and buttock.

      Physiotherapy. Physiotherapeutic treatment is a real godsend for restoring local blood circulation, since almost all of its techniques increase blood flow and stimulate vascular restoration. The most effective methods include electrophoresis with heparin and lidase, darsonvalization, ultrasound and phonophoresis, UHF and EHF, laser therapy. Before starting treatment in the physiotherapy department, it is important to read the list of contraindications for each procedure and consult with a therapist.

      Hydrotherapy. To restore blood circulation, normalize heart function and vascular tone, various water procedures are very good: underwater massage shower, Charcot shower, circular shower, pine-pearl and turpentine baths.

      Sufficient physical activity. At the rehabilitation stage, patients are widely prescribed physical therapy, which is aimed at restoring blood flow in the tissues and developing the affected muscles. Complexes of physical exercises will be selected and taught by a physical therapy instructor. Then the patient can do these exercises at home, supplementing them with walking, swimming, yoga and elements of joint gymnastics.

      A big role in restoring blood circulation is given to proper nutrition. To prevent atherosclerosis and increased thrombus formation, it is necessary to follow a diet limiting the content of animal fats. You should replace fatty meat, sausages, and semi-finished products with chicken, turkey, lean beef, and fish as much as possible. Mayonnaise, various ready-made sauces, and margarine should be completely excluded from the diet. The diet should contain a large amount of vegetables and fruits, fermented milk products, cottage cheese, and cereals. Carbohydrates should be obtained from cereals and potatoes, limiting flour and sweets as much as possible. Sweet lovers should replace sweets and cookies with honey, nuts and dried fruits.

      Among traditional medicines, various vitamin decoctions from rose hips, lemon, and dried fruit compotes are excellent for restoring blood vessels. For people with high blood pressure and a tendency to thrombosis, eating fresh or frozen cranberries is perfect.

      Compression hosiery - tights, stockings, knee socks - can significantly facilitate recovery after phlebectomy.

      Before using any of these remedies, especially in the postoperative period, you should consult your doctor.

      Erysipelas: symptoms, treatment

      Erysipelas (or simply erysipelas) is one of the bacterial infections of the skin that can affect any area of ​​the skin and leads to the development of severe intoxication. The disease progresses in stages, due to which a mild form, which does not affect the quality of life, can become severe. Prolonged erysipelas without proper treatment will ultimately lead to the death of the affected skin and suffering of the entire body.

      It is important that if there are characteristic symptoms of erysipelas, the patient consults a doctor, and does not treat himself, waiting for the disease to progress and complications to develop.

      For erysipelas to occur, three conditions must be met:

    • Presence of a wound – there does not need to be extensive soft tissue damage for bacteria to penetrate the skin. A scratch, “cracking” of the skin of the legs or a small cut is enough;
    • If a certain microbe gets into the wound, it is believed that erysipelas can only be caused by hemolytic streptococcus A. In addition to local damage to the skin, it produces strong toxins and disrupts the functioning of the immune system. This is manifested by intoxication of the body and the possibility of erysipelas recurrent (appearing again after a certain time);
    • Weakened immunity – this factor is of great importance for the development of skin infections. Erysipelas practically does not occur in healthy people whose immunity is not weakened by another disease or harmful living conditions (stress, physical/mental overload, smoking, drug addiction, alcohol, etc.).
    • Despite the fact that the disease can occur in any person, under the above conditions, it is mainly the elderly who suffer. Also at risk are infants with diabetes, HIV, any cancer pathology, or taking glucocorticosteroids/cytostatics.

      What is erysipelas?

      There are several forms of erysipelas, which differ in the severity of symptoms, severity and treatment tactics. It should be noted that they can sequentially transform into one another, so it is important to start treatment in a timely manner.

      In principle, the following forms of the disease should be distinguished:

    • Erythematous erysipelas - manifests itself with classic symptoms, without any additional skin changes;
    • Bullous form - characterized by the formation of blisters on the skin with serous contents;
    • Hemorrhagic (bullous-hemorrhagic) - the peculiarity of this type of erysipelas is that the infection damages small blood vessels. Because of this, blood sweats through their wall and forms blisters with hemorrhagic contents;
    • Necrotic is the most severe form, in which necrosis of the affected skin occurs.
    • Depending on the location, the erysipelas can be on the face, leg, or arm. Much less often, the infection forms in the perineum or other parts of the body.

      Beginning of erysipelas

      From the moment the wound becomes infected until the first symptoms appear, on average, 3-5 days pass. Symptoms of erysipelas of the skin of the face, arms, legs and any other localization begin with a rise in temperature and soreness of the affected area. As a rule, on the first day of illness there is a fever of no more than 38 o C. Subsequently, the body temperature can rise to 40 o C. Due to the action of streptococcus, the patient has all the characteristic signs of intoxication of the body:

    • Marked weakness;
    • Decreased/loss of appetite;
    • Increased sweating;
    • Increased sensitivity to bright light and irritating noise.
    • A few hours after the temperature rises (up to 12 hours), symptoms of damage to the skin and lymphatic structures appear. They differ somewhat, depending on the location, but they have one thing in common - pronounced redness of the skin. The erysipelas may spread beyond the affected area, or remain in only one area. This depends on the aggressiveness of the microbe, the body’s resistance to infection and the time of initiation of therapy.

      Local symptoms of erysipelas

      Common signs of erysipelas on the skin are:

    • Severe redness of the affected area (erythema), which rises slightly above the surface of the skin. The erythema is delimited from healthy tissues by a dense ridge, but with widespread erysipelas it may not be present;
    • Pain when palpating the area of ​​redness;
    • Swelling of the affected area (feet, legs, face, forearms, etc.);
    • Soreness of the lymph nodes near the site of infection (lymphadenitis);
    • In the bullous form, transparent blisters may appear on the skin filled with blood or serous fluid (plasma).
    • In addition to the general symptoms, erysipelas has its own characteristics when localized in different parts of the body. They must be taken into account in order to suspect an infection in time and begin treatment in a timely manner.

      Features of erysipelas of the facial skin

      The face is the most unfavorable location for infection. This area of ​​the body is very well supplied with blood, which contributes to the development of severe edema. Lymphatic and blood vessels connect superficial and deep structures, which makes it possible to develop purulent meningitis. The skin of the face is quite delicate, so it is damaged by infection somewhat more severely than in other localizations.

      Considering these factors, it is possible to determine the characteristics of the symptoms of erysipelas on the face:

    • The soreness of the infected area increases with chewing (if the erysipelas is located in the lower jaw or on the surface of the cheeks);
    • Severe swelling not only of the reddened area, but also of the surrounding facial tissues;
    • Pain when palpating the sides of the neck and under the chin is a sign of inflammation of the lymph nodes;

    Symptoms of intoxication when the skin of the face is infected are more pronounced than in other localizations. On the first day, body temperature may rise to 39-40 o C, severe weakness, nausea, severe headache and sweating may appear. Erysipelas on the face is a reason to immediately consult a doctor or the emergency room of a surgical hospital.

    Features of erysipelas on the leg

    There is a belief among doctors that erysipelas of the lower limb is closely related to violation of personal hygiene rules. Lack of regular foot washing creates excellent conditions for the proliferation of streptococci. In this case, one microtrauma (crack in the feet, small scratch or puncture) is enough for them to penetrate the skin.

    Features of the clinical picture of erysipelas in the leg area are as follows:

  • The infection is located on the foot or lower leg. The hip is affected quite rarely;
  • As a rule, in the area of ​​the inguinal folds (on the front surface of the body, where the thigh meets the torso) you can find painful round-shaped formations - these are inflamed inguinal lymph nodes that inhibit the spread of streptococcal infection;
  • With severe lymphostasis, swelling of the leg can be quite severe and spread to the foot, ankle joint and lower leg. It is quite easy to detect - to do this, you need to press the skin against the bones of the lower leg with your finger. If there is swelling, then after the finger is removed the dimple will remain for 5-10 seconds.
  • In most cases, erysipelas of the lower extremities is much easier than with other infection locations. The exceptions are necrotic and complicated forms.

    Features of erysipelas on the hand

    Streptococcal infection affects the skin of the hands quite rarely, since it is quite difficult to create a large concentration of microbes around the wound. Erysipelas on the upper limb may be the result of a puncture or cut by a contaminated object. The risk group includes children of preschool and school age and intravenous drug addicts.

    Erysipelas on the hand is most often common - it affects several segments (hand and forearm, shoulder and forearm, etc.). Since the lymphatic pathways are well developed on the upper limb, especially in the axillary fossa, swelling can spread from the fingers to the pectoral muscles.

    If you palpate the inner surface of the shoulder or armpits, regional lymphadenitis can be detected. Lymph nodes will be enlarged, smooth, and painful.

    The doctor can determine the presence of erysipelas after an initial examination and palpation of the affected area. If the patient does not have concomitant diseases, it is sufficient to use only a general blood test among additional diagnostic methods. The presence of infection will be indicated by the following indicators:

  • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is more than 20 mm/hour. During the height of the disease, it can accelerate to 30-40 mm/hour. Normalizes by the 2-3rd week of treatment (normal – up to 15 mm/hour);
  • Leukocytes (WBC) – more than 10.1*10 9 /l. An unfavorable sign is considered to be a decrease in the level of leukocytes less than 4*10 9 /l. This indicates the body's inability to adequately resist infection. It is observed in various immunodeficiencies (HIV, AIDS, blood cancer, consequences of radiation therapy) and in generalized infections (sepsis);
  • Red blood cells (RBC) - a decrease in level below normal (less than 3.8 * 10 12 / l in women and 4.4 * 10 12 / l in men) can be observed with hemorrhagic erysipelas. In other forms, as a rule, it remains within normal limits;
  • Hemoglobin (HGB) – can also decrease in the hemorrhagic form of the disease. The norm is from 120 g/l to 180 g/l. A decrease in the level below normal is a reason to start taking iron supplements (if prescribed by a doctor). A decrease in hemoglobin level below 75 g/l is an indication for whole blood or red blood cell transfusion.
  • Instrumental diagnostics are used in case of impaired blood flow to the limb (ischemia) or the presence of concomitant diseases, such as obliterating atherosclerosis, thrombophlebitis, thromboangiitis, etc. In this case, the patient may be prescribed Doppler ultrasound of the lower extremities, rheovasography or angiography. These methods will determine vascular patency and the cause of ischemia.

    Any erysipelas infection, if treatment is not started in a timely manner or the patient’s body is significantly weakened, can lead to the following complications:

  • An abscess is a purulent cavity that is bounded by a capsule of connective tissue. It is the least dangerous complication;
  • Cellulitis is a diffuse purulent focus in soft tissues (subcutaneous tissue or muscles). Leads to damage to surrounding structures and a significant increase in symptoms of intoxication;
  • Purulent phlebitis is inflammation of the vein wall on the affected limb, which leads to its hardening and narrowing. Phlebitis is manifested by swelling of the surrounding tissues, redness of the skin over the vein and an increase in local temperature;
  • Necrotizing erysipelas - necrosis of the skin in the area affected by streptococcus;
  • Purulent meningitis - can occur when erysipelas is located on the face. This is a serious disease that develops due to inflammation of the membranes of the brain. It manifests itself as general cerebral symptoms (unbearable headache, clouding of consciousness, dizziness, etc.) and involuntary tension of certain muscle groups;
  • Sepsis is the most dangerous complication of erysipelas, which in 40% of cases ends in the death of the patient. This is a generalized infection that affects organs and leads to the formation of purulent foci throughout the body.
  • You can prevent the formation of complications if you seek medical help in a timely manner and do not treat yourself. Only a doctor can determine the optimal tactics and prescribe therapy for erysipelas.

    Treatment of erysipelas

    Uncomplicated forms of erysipelas do not require surgery - they are treated conservatively. Depending on the patient’s condition, the need for hospitalization is decided. There are clear recommendations only regarding erysipelas on the face - such patients should be treated only in a hospital.

    The classic treatment regimen includes:

  • Antibiotic - a combination of protected penicillins (Amoxiclav) and sulfonamides (Sulfalene, Sulfadiazine, Sulfanilamide) has the optimal effect. Ceftriaxone can be used as an alternative drug. The recommended period of antibacterial treatment is 10-14 days;
  • Antihistamine - since streptococcus can compromise the body's immunity and cause allergic-like reactions, this group of drugs should be used. Currently, the best (but expensive) drugs are Loratadine and Desloratadine. If the patient does not have the opportunity to purchase them, the doctor may recommend Suprastin, Diphenhydramine, Clemastine, etc. as an alternative;
  • Painkiller – for erysipelas, non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used. Preference should be given to Nimesulide (Nise) or Meloxicam, as they have the least number of adverse reactions. An alternative is Ketorol, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac. Their use should be combined with taking Omeprazole (or Rabeprazole, Lansoprazole, etc.), which will help reduce the negative impact of NSAIDs on the gastric mucosa;
  • Antiseptic dressings with 0.005% Chlorhexidine are an important component of therapy. When applied, the dressing should be generously moistened with the solution and remain wet for several hours. A sterile bandage is applied over the bandage.
  • How to treat erysipelas of the skin if local complications arise or bullous erysipelas develops? In this case, there is only one way out - hospitalization in a surgical hospital and performing an operation.

    Surgery

    As already mentioned, indications for surgery are the formation of ulcers (cellulitis, abscesses), skin necrosis or the bullous form of erysipelas. You should not be afraid of surgical treatment; in most cases it takes no more than 30-40 minutes and is performed under general anesthesia (anesthesia).

    During the operation, the surgeon opens the cavity of the abscess and removes its contents. The wound, as a rule, is not sutured - it is left open and a rubber outlet is installed to drain the fluid. If dead tissue is detected, they are completely removed, after which conservative therapy is continued.

    Surgical treatment of the bullous form of erysipelas occurs as follows: the doctor opens the existing blisters, treats their surfaces with an antiseptic and applies bandages with a 0.005% solution of Chlorhexidine. This prevents the addition of foreign infections.

    Skin after erysipelas

    On average, treatment for erysipelas takes 2-3 weeks. As the local inflammatory response decreases and the amount of streptococcus decreases, the skin begins to renew itself. The redness decreases and a kind of film appears in place of the damaged area - this is the “old” skin being separated. As soon as it is completely rejected, it should be removed independently. There should be unchanged epithelium underneath.

    Over the next week, peeling of the skin may persist, which is a normal reaction of the body.

    In some patients, erysipelas can take a recurrent course, that is, appear again in the same place after a certain time (several years or months). In this case, the skin will be susceptible to trophic disorders, chronic swelling of the limb or replacement of the epithelium with connective tissue (fibrosis) may form.

    Frequently asked questions from patients

    How dangerous is this infection?

    Erysipelas is a serious disease that is dangerous due to severe intoxication and the development of complications. As a rule, with timely treatment, the prognosis is favorable. If the patient comes a week or more after the onset of infection, his body is weakened by concomitant diseases (diabetes, heart failure, HIV, etc.), erysipelas can lead to fatal consequences.

    How to restore skin after erysipelas?

    In almost all forms of erysipelas, this process occurs independently, without the intervention of doctors. The main thing is to eliminate the source of infection and local inflammatory phenomena. The exception is necrotic erysipelas. In this case, the skin can only be restored through surgery (skin grafting).

    Why does erysipelas occur several times in the same place? How to prevent this?

    In this case, we are talking about a recurrent form of erysipelas. Group A streptococcus has the ability to disrupt the immune system, which leads to repeated inflammatory reactions in the affected skin. Unfortunately, adequate methods for preventing relapse have not been developed.

    Why is the article not mentioning Tetracycline (Unidox, Doxycycline) for the treatment of erysipelas?

    Currently, tetracycline antibiotics are not used to treat erysipelas. Studies have shown that most hemolytic streptococci are resistant to this drug, so it is recommended to use the following antibiotics for erysipelas - a combination of synthetic penicillin + sulfonamide or a 3rd generation cephalosporin (Ceftriaxone).

    Should physical therapy be used to treat erysipelas?

    No. Physiotherapy during the acute period will lead to increased inflammation and the spread of infection. It should be postponed until the recovery period. After suppressing the infection, it is possible to use magnetic therapy or ultraviolet radiation.

    Does the treatment of erysipelas differ depending on the location of the infection (on the face, on the arm, etc.)?

    Treatment of erysipelas of the arm, leg and any other part of the body is carried out according to the same principles.

    How to restore the leather on your car steering wheel yourself

    A leather steering wheel in a car is not only prestigious, but also comfortable. It is much more pleasant to feel natural leather than to touch rubber or plastic. Your hands don't slip as much and driving the car brings additional pleasure. Most modern cars come with the small leather package option. BMW cars are no exception. The package includes: a leather-wrapped steering wheel, a gear knob and a gear shift lever cover.

    During operation of the vehicle, the leather braid is exposed to sweat from the driver’s palms. Dust and dirt from your hands get on it. As a result, the leather steering wheel loses its appearance and scuffs and scratches appear on it. If a driver cares about his car and is very attentive to the appearance of the interior, then over time he will begin to be annoyed by the unpresentable appearance of the steering wheel. This problem can be solved in three ways:

  • Buy and put a ready-made cover on the steering wheel.
  • Contact a car interior reupholstery shop and order a steering wheel reupholstery.
  • Carry out repairs and restoration of the steering wheel leather yourself.
  • In this article we will not consider the first two methods; they are already clear. Let's look at the third method in more detail.

    Stages of restoration of a leather steering wheel

    Before you begin repairing the braid on the steering wheel, carefully inspect it. If there are obvious holes and torn pieces of trim on the steering wheel rim, then it is better to re-tighten the steering wheel. No amount of repairs will help here.

    Steering wheel to be restored

    Necessary materials and preparatory work

    To carry out successful restoration of leather braiding, you need to buy a special kit for restoring and painting leather products in the store. If it is not there, then you can buy each component separately. We will need:

    — “Liquid” leather or putty for leather. It is used to remove deep scratches and cracks.

    — Leather cleaner: gasoline galoshes or white spirit.

    — Paint, preferably water-based.

    — Sandpaper with grit 400, 600, 1000 and 1200 units.

    — Airbrush or spray gun.

    Restoration of a leather steering wheel can be carried out without removing it from the car. It is enough to cover the front panel with film and seal with tape the places where paint particles can get: switch buttons, spoke covers, driver's airbag cover.

    Protecting the steering wheel with film in preparation for painting work

    The quality of restoration work will be much higher if the steering wheel is removed. To do this you need:

    1. Disconnect the battery terminal. Wait 1–2 minutes.
    2. Turn the wheels to the straight position.
    3. Remove the side plugs on the steering wheel.
    4. Using a socket wrench, unscrew the airbag mounting.
    5. Lift the AirBag, turn off the power supply and put the pillow aside.
    6. Use a marker to make marks on the steering wheel and shaft.
    7. Unscrew the steering wheel mounting nut and carefully pull the steering wheel off the shaft.
    8. Using a screwdriver, remove the plastic trim and trim from the steering wheel.
    9. Seal non-removable parts with masking tape.
    10. Restoration of leather on steering wheel

      Before painting, it is necessary to remove all cracks, scratches, and dents from the surface of the leather steering wheel, so we begin repairing the steering wheel by restoring the surface.

    11. First you need to sand the surface. To do this, take sandpaper P400 or P600. This will help improve the adhesion of the new paint and remove grease and dirt. After the top paint layer is removed, you need to go through fine-grained sandpaper P1000 or P1200 and sand the skin.
    12. Fill dents, scratches and cracks with “liquid” leather or special putty. Wait 15–20 minutes and sand the restoration area.
    13. Painting leather braid

      Before painting, the surface must be degreased. To do this, use leather cleaner, or gasoline galoshes, or regular white spirit . After sanding, the leather will strongly absorb any cleaning agent. Therefore, it is better to use a rag and wipe the steering wheel with it.

      How to paint a leather steering wheel? It is better to use water-based leather paint; it is ideal for any type of leather and is much easier to work with. The shade is selected by mixing different colors, as when choosing paint for a car. To paint a BMW steering wheel, 20-30 grams of prepared paint is enough.

      The process of painting a leather steering wheel

      If you have an airbrush, then it is better to paint with it. It allows you to save paint and apply an even layer. Otherwise, use a foam swab. It is better to apply paint in 2-3 layers. You can apply the next layer immediately; this method is called “paint wet.” This way you can control the absorption of paint into the skin. After painting, you can apply a protective layer of varnish. This will help keep your leather steering wheel in good condition for much longer.

      The entire steering wheel restoration process takes approximately 5–6 hours. The work is absolutely simple, but it requires attention and cannot be rushed. There is no point in skimping on paint or a good restoration kit. The packaging of such a kit always contains detailed instructions that will help you carry out high-quality repairs to the leather steering wheel with your own hands.

      And remember: the eyes are afraid, but the hands do. Good luck!

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