Today, in conditions where diseases of the cardiovascular system are the main causes of high mortality in the population, the question of how to defeat hypertension is especially acute. The disease often manifests itself in people who experience stress, as well as frequent nervous stress. The result of an incorrect attitude towards hypertension can be irreversible damage to the fundus of the eye, kidneys, and blood vessels of the heart and brain. All these complications of hypertension significantly worsen the quality of life, which is why it is necessary to monitor your blood pressure extremely carefully. In order to avoid the above problems, it is necessary to take a very responsible approach to the issue of treatment and prevention of the disease.
Hypertension usually develops gradually. Increases in pressure are short-lived. In some cases, the following symptoms of the disease are observed:
occasional palpitations and discomfort in the heart.
Then the number of complaints increases, performance decreases, and blood pressure rises more often. An electrocardiogram shows left ventricular overload. However, the main symptom of hypertension is still high blood pressure.
According to the latest recommendations of the World Health Organization, a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg is considered normal. Art. and lower in adults. Pressure 160/95 mm Hg. Art. considered a symptom of hypertension. Persons under 40 years of age whose blood pressure fluctuates within these limits are considered prone to hypertension and should be observed by a doctor.
Blood pressure in children is lower than in adults. Regardless of the child’s age, it should not exceed 130/80 mmHg. Art. Scientists noted that high blood pressure in schoolchildren 12–13 years old persists after 5 years only in 40% of cases.
The pressure changes throughout the day. Most often, the minimum readings occur at night, during sleep, between 23 and 3 hours. The highest levels occur at the end of the day, when fatigue accumulates, between 5 and 8 p.m. During the day, pressure depends on the case, for example, on what mental or physical stress the person has experienced, etc.
Not everyone experiences increased blood pressure painfully. Sometimes people can live with symptoms of hypertension for many years without much deterioration in their health, without losing their ability to work. This is especially true for the initial stage of the disease.
A typical symptom of hypertension is headache - heaviness in the back of the head, which sometimes manifests itself in the morning hours, often accompanied by flashing before the eyes, dizziness, and sometimes nausea. In some cases, symptoms of hypertension such as nosebleeds occur, leading to relief of the condition. It does not always happen that the higher the pressure, the stronger the headache. Headaches are more painful when there is a sudden change in pressure.
As already mentioned, hypertension usually accompanies other heart diseases, which can impose additional symptoms of hypertension during an attack, pain in the heart area is especially common.
Stages of hypertension and its signs
The World Health Organization Expert Committee recommends three stages in the development of hypertension:
Malignant hypertension is considered as a special form.
In Russia, the classification of hypertension by A. L. Myasnikov is widespread, according to which each stage has two phases:
Hypertension progresses unevenly. It is characterized by periods of exacerbation of hypertension symptoms, and in severe cases – crises. Sometimes it can stabilize for a while. In rare cases, the pressure steadily returns to normal without any complications.
The modern method of measuring pressure does not provide information about all areas of blood circulation. Hypertension in any organ is possible with normal pressure in the brachial artery.
In recent years, an idea has emerged about the target organs that suffer more than others from pressure disturbances in hypertension: these are the vessels of the brain, heart and kidneys. The susceptibility of these organs varies from patient to patient.
During treatment, it is important not only to reduce the level of pressure, but also to monitor the suffering organs so that an excessive decrease in pressure does not worsen their condition even more. The selection of treatment procedures and medications for each stage of the disease should be carried out by a doctor.
At an early stage, the disease is reversible. If hypertension has been developing for many years, a set of therapeutic measures can stop its development. The success of treating hypertension is often determined by the timing of its diagnosis, the correct selection of drug treatment, and compliance with all doctor’s instructions.
Drug therapy for hypertension
There is a large arsenal of drugs that are used to treat hypertension. Some of them were created by chemists, others have been used by people for a long time.
In Indian folk medicine, the rauwolfia plant has long been used to calm the nervous system of patients. The high therapeutic activity and hypotensive effect of drugs from this plant have been scientifically confirmed in recent years. Nowadays, based on the active ingredients contained in it, the drugs Reserpine, Raunatin, Serpazil are produced, which calm the nervous system, reduce blood pressure, normalize sleep and are therefore widely used in the treatment of hypertension.
Individual drugs produced by industry act on a variety of links in the mechanism of hypertension. Hypothiazide and Furosemide act as diuretics, helping to remove salt from the body. Ganglion blockers, dibazole, reduce the intensity of the flow of nerve impulses along the sympathetic nerve pathways. Dopegit and veroshpiron allow you to influence some endocrine glands responsible for increasing blood pressure.
Features of taking medications in the treatment of high blood pressure
In many cases, especially with a long and persistent course of the disease, to obtain an effect it is necessary to simultaneously use several drugs acting on different sides (Depresin, Trirezide, Adelfan, etc.). Since some of these medications contain hypothiazide, it is necessary to additionally take potassium salts, since hypothiazide, while removing sodium salts from the body, also removes potassium salts, which can lead to the development of muscle weakness and even disruption of normal heart function. For this reason, when taking Hypothiazide, potassium preparations are prescribed: potassium chloride, potassium orotate, panangin or fruit juices.
The duration of taking antihypertensive drugs largely depends on the stage of the disease and its characteristics. In the early stages of the disease, blood pressure and well-being return to normal after rest or elimination of the factors that caused the increase in pressure. Rest in a sanatorium can free the patient from taking medications.
With a stable and long-term course of the disease, antihypertensive drugs must be taken for a long time, sometimes constantly, to prevent hypertensive crises.
The tone of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension is reduced by reserpine, clonidine (Gemiton), and prazosin.
Diuretic drugs for the treatment of hypertension (Hypothiazide, Brinalzhix, Furosemide) are prescribed for excessive consumption of table salt, circulatory problems, and the appearance of edema.
Beta blockers are widely used: Anaprilin (Inderal), Cordanum, etc. Their use is especially justified when arterial hypertension is combined with manifestations of coronary artery disease such as angina or cardiac arrhythmias.
Calcium antagonists act by dilating blood vessels. New powerful drugs have emerged to treat hypertension that affect enzymes involved in regulating blood pressure.
Recently, drugs that were once considered the most effective have given way to more reliable drugs of various pharmacological groups. Science does not stand still, it is constantly evolving, so that in the near future, completely new drugs for the treatment of hypertension may appear.
Any medications should be used only on the recommendation of a doctor. Overly vigorous treatment of hypertension and a rapid decrease in blood pressure can lead to orthostatic collapse, when when standing up the patient’s vision becomes dark and a state of fainting may occur. Therefore, the rate of pressure reduction should be selected strictly individually, especially in patients with a long history of hypertension.
The causes leading to increased blood pressure are expressed to varying degrees and in different combinations in all patients. Therefore, a drug that helps one patient will not necessarily be as effective for another. Medicines may cause an allergic reaction.
How to provide first aid for hypertension?
As already mentioned, the most common complaint with high blood pressure is headache. Cerebral arteries and veins are sensitive to pain, which occurs when they are compressed and stretched. Persistent headaches with hypertension are usually associated with a decrease in the lumen of the arteries. Headache causes especially severe suffering for those who have previously suffered a head injury. In this case, the participation of a neurologist is required in the treatment of headaches.
Headaches often occur in people with neurosis and vegetative-vascular dystonia. They show no organic changes.
Sometimes headaches occur in the form of attacks, cover half of the head and are accompanied by nausea, vomiting, fear of light and noise. These signs are often observed during migraine, attacks of which are associated with changes in the lumen of the vessels of the soft tissues of the head.
At the beginning of an attack, it is recommended to take a Citramon tablet. It was noted that 52% of people suffering from headaches felt better after taking a placebo - tablets that do not contain a drug substance. This confirms the mental factor in the formation of headaches. You can relieve headaches using folk or physiological remedies. Head massage, both classical and non-traditional, is especially effective for these purposes.
Cardiac pain, especially chest pain, occurs in the form of attacks and requires rapid elimination. Validol is needed here. If it does not give the desired effect, you need to take nitroglycerin. When taking Nitroglycerin, you may experience a feeling of heat in your face and a feeling of pulsation in your temples. These phenomena sometimes frighten patients when they first take the drug, but at this time the pain in the heart subsides, so there is no need to give up nitroglycerin. A flush of heat to the face and other phenomena are caused by the fact that after 5 minutes. after taking nitroglycerin, the extensive network of peripheral vessels expands, giving relief to the heart. At the same time, blood pressure decreases and the left ventricle copes more easily with vascular resistance. If nitroglycerin is poorly tolerated in tablet form, you can take this medicine in drops, dosing it more individually.
If the measures taken for hypertension are ineffective, you should urgently call a doctor.
One of the main and best methods of treatment is maintaining a healthy lifestyle, which for many becomes some kind of exorbitant and unattainable goal due to the fact that people do not want to give up bad habits. Poor nutrition, poor sleep patterns, alcohol and smoking are common to most hypertensive patients. These factors contribute to the progressive state of the disease, and stress plays a decisive role in the development of hypertension.
Contrary to popular belief, not all physical exercises are beneficial for this disease. You shouldn't do strength exercises. The most effective gymnastics for you will be stretching, that is, a set of stretching exercises, as well as muscle relaxation, as in the yoga system. To better treat hypertension, pay enough attention to fresh air and water procedures. Try to eliminate or at least limit harmful foods as much as possible and you will not need expensive medical treatment, which often has dual effects.
Taking special medications to treat hypertension will only be necessary if blood pressure has been elevated for a long time. If you regularly take medications, but the condition does not improve, you will need to change the drug and undergo a re-examination, because this may be caused by a change in the form of hypertension. The main thing is not to take anything without consulting a doctor.
First of all, a person who wants to know how to treat hypertension should do everything to reduce their body weight. Today, it is a proven fact that obesity in many cases was the cause of the development of hypertension. To effectively lose weight, you need to constantly monitor your weight and periodically calculate your body mass index. In addition, a person who does not want to become a victim of hypertension must definitely quit smoking and drink alcoholic beverages. Experts say that leading an active lifestyle and playing sports, including walking and dancing, has a very positive effect on a person’s overall health, and also reduces the likelihood of developing hypertension.
Among other things, to treat hypertension you need to be very careful about your diet. When purchasing products, you should pay attention to their chemical composition, as well as calorie content. In general, it is recommended to make healthy eating choices. Experts recommend diversifying your diet as much as possible, and more importantly, making it balanced. To do this, you need to eat more greens and fish, foods using whole grains, as well as vegetables, and at the same time limit the consumption of sugar, smoked foods, confectionery products, carbonated drinks, and other high-calorie foods.
Also, to treat hypertension, it is necessary to give preference to meat with a low fat content, or remove it as much as possible during the cooking process, and try not to eat skin. In addition, you need to reduce the use of salt, oil and sugar as much as possible. Experts recommend completely avoiding cooking foods by frying, and instead use steamers, boil or bake them. It is very important when choosing products to give preference to those that have minimal fat content.
Alternative methods of treating arterial hypertension
Alternative remedies to combat hypertension can also be quite effective in some cases. The use of decoctions and tinctures of medicinal herbs and sedatives can also be quite effective. The most popular today are tinctures and decoctions of hawthorn, motherwort and valerian, as well as preparations containing components of these plants, which are available for sale in pharmacies.
Introducing green tea, honey, citrus fruits, and chokeberry into your diet, while avoiding drinking coffee, can help you treat hypertension. In addition, the consumption of these products not only helps to lower blood pressure, but also have a high content of vitamin C, which is so necessary for weakened heart muscle.
Vegetative-corrective methods of treating hypertension reduce the activity of the sympathoadrenal system, which is the leading one among the pressor mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. By reducing the adrenergic effects on the myocardium of patients with hypertension, reducing SV and MO, reducing vascular tone in the periphery, these methods inhibit the development of left ventricular hypertrophy of the heart as one of the manifestations of cardiac syndrome and reduce tachycardia and cardialgia. Inhibition of sympathetic influences leads to a decrease or relief of manifestations of vegetative dysfunction. Restoring the autonomic regulation of vascular tone reduces cephalgia.
Transcranial electroanalgesia as a method of treating hypertension. The mechanisms of reduction of sympathoadrenal activity during TEA are similar to the mechanisms of electrosleep therapy. TEA also normalizes the activity of the pituitary-hypothalamic-adrenal system. Sympathetic innervation of the pituitary gland is not limited only to the vasomotor effect (due to vasopressin), but also increases the secretory activity of corticotropocytes of the adenohypophysis, producing ACTH. By blocking the conduction of ascending impulse currents to certain structures of the hypothalamus, impulse currents change the secretory activity of the nuclei of the anterior region of the hypothalamus, where neurohormones are produced, including vasopressin, and through them the production of ACTH, which leads to a decrease in the synthesis of adrenal hormones with their pressor effect.
Stabilization of blood pressure under the influence of TEA is also due to stimulation of the endogenous opioid system, which includes the structures of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. TEA actively influences the ratio of inhibitory and excitatory processes in the cerebral cortex, providing a sedative effect due to the release of opioid peptides endorphin, enkephalins), eliminating the activating influence of the reticular formation on the cortical centers. Apply pulsed currents with a frequency of 80-100 Hz or 800-1000 Hz, for 15-20 minutes, daily; course 6 - 8 procedures.
Galvanization of the brain and sympathetic ganglia as a method of treating hypertension. Depending on the technique used, using direct current it is possible to achieve an impact on both the higher centers of autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system and its segmental parts. In the first case, electrodes are installed using the orbital-occipital (according to Bourguignon), bitemporal (temporal), frontal-behind-the-ear techniques, on the reflexogenic zones of the face (Bergonier half mask). In the second case, for the purpose of segmental impact on the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk (sympathetic chain) in order to relieve hypertension syndrome, the cervical and upper thoracic, lumbar nodes are affected separately or on the entire sympathetic chain. For this purpose, general methods of treating hypertension are used: galvanization according to Vermeule, four-chamber galvanic baths, which cause a decrease in the total peripheral vascular resistance.
When galvanizing the head, there is a decrease in ischemia, which is accompanied by a decrease in the activity of sympathetic influences. The action of direct current on the reticular formation has an inhibitory effect on the fibers of the reticulospinal tract, reducing sympathetic activity. When galvanizing the head, use a current of 4-5 mA, 10-20 minutes, daily or every other day; course 10-15 procedures.
Medicinal electrophoresis. For electrophoresis use 0.1% solution of Dihydroergotamine, 1% solution of Aminazine, 2% solution of Hexonium, 0.5% solution of Gangleron, 5% solution of Pentamine, 0.1-0.5% solution of Obzidan, 0.1-0.5 % solution of acetylcholine hydrochloride, 0.2% solution of Aceclidine. Phoretinated drugs enhance the sympatholytic effect of direct current. Dehydroergotomine (?-blocker) and Obzidan?-blocker) block the interaction of the mediator with the adrenoreactive system. In particular, in vessels in the area of postganglionic synapses, ganglionic blockers affect the transmission of excitation. The hypotensive effect of drugs is associated both with the expansion of peripheral blood vessels (adrenoblockers, ganglion blockers) and with a decrease in cardiac output and a decrease in the activity of the reninangiotensin system (β- and ganglion blockers). Cholinomimetics, stimulating M-cholinergic receptors of vascular smooth muscles, enhance parasympathetic influences and dilate peripheral vessels. It is advisable to administer drugs using the orbital-occipital technique and on the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk. Current strength - up to 8 mA, exposure time 20-25 minutes, carried out daily or every other day; course of treatment of hypertension 10-12 procedures.
Low-frequency magnetic therapy as a method of treating hypertension. The impact of PeMP on the nervous regulation of blood pressure in the treatment of hypertension occurs in various ways. During magnetic therapy of the head area, there is a decrease in the activity of autonomic regulation centers responsible for pressor reactions. A decrease in DOPA and adrenaline is detected in the corresponding brain structures. Cerebral blood flow improves: the linear velocity of blood flow in the main arteries of the head increases, collateral circulation develops through the exclusion of extra- and intracranial anastomoses, venous hyperemia and regional vasospasm decrease. The occipital region is exposed to a sinusoidal or half-sinusoidal MF, with an induction of 10-20 mT, for 15 minutes; course of treatment of hypertension is 8-10 procedures.
By influencing segmental zones in the projection of the cervical sympathetic and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia, magnetic fields suppress the reactions of β-adrenergic receptors and simultaneously activate M-cholinergic receptors of the myocardium. A decrease in the activity of the sympathoadrenal system (confirmed by a decrease in the excretion of catecholamines in the urine, a decrease in the activity of the RAAS) is possible through the influence of PeMF on other reflexogenic zones - on the lower thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord, through other peripheral autonomic nodes of the sympathetic chain. Low-frequency PMF, acting on the heart region, causes a decrease in the concentration of catecholamines in the myocardium. This indicates a decrease in sympathetic influences on the cardiovascular system, which is confirmed by variation pulsometry and spectral analysis data. The consequence of these effects is a decrease in cardiac index, cardiac output and a decrease in heart rate.
Low-frequency magnetic therapy reduces blood pressure in patients with PAH and grade I hypertension. The induction of a magnetic field (sinusoidal or half-sinusoidal shape) in continuous mode when exposed to the heart area is 10-30 mT (single-inductor technique), 10-15 min; course 10 procedures. For nodal sympathetic formations in the cervicothoracic region (CV-TIV), a two-inductor technique is used, starting from 10-15 mT for 10 minutes, gradually increasing the inductance to 30-40 mT, and the time to 15-20 minutes. The field is sinusoidal or half-sinusoidal, continuous mode. When using a “running” MF, 3 - 5 pairs of small solenoids are placed on the collar zone, the field changing frequency is 100 Hz, the inductance is 5 - 6 mT, daily, for 10-20 minutes; course of treatment of hypertension 10-12 procedures.
UHF therapy of the sinocarotid region. UHF therapy of the sinocarotid region, stimulating the baroreceptor reflex, reduces sympathetic activity, reducing heart rate, reducing MO, causing vasodilation. The use of UHF therapy on the area of the celiac (solar) plexus reduces the excitability of its constituent sympathetic fibers, which leads to vasodilation and a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance.
There is a tendency towards normalization of increased urinary excretion of catecholamines. When applying a UHF electric field to the projection of the cervical sympathetic nodes, a pronounced hypotensive effect is observed, associated, in particular, with the reflex normalization of the autonomic innervation of vascular tone due to improved blood circulation in the vertebral artery basin and improved venous outflow. A UHF electric field with a frequency of 27 and 40 MHz is used. On the sinocarotid zone, the impact power is 20 W, the time is 5-7 minutes. Both unilateral and bilateral effects are possible. A power of up to 40 W is applied to the projection of the solar plexus, for 7 - 8 minutes; on the cervical sympathetic nodes (upper and lower), a bilateral impact of 20 W is applied, for 7 - 8 minutes. The course of treatment for hypertension in all localizations is 8 - 10 procedures.
Infrared laser therapy as a method of treating hypertension. Infrared laser therapy increases the activity of the vagus nerve on internal organs and reduces the sensitivity of vascular adrenergic receptors to norepinephrine. The severity of the hypotensive effect depends on the polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene. Reflexogenic zones are irradiated paravertebrally (CIII-TIII), in the second intercostal space to the right and left of the sternum in continuous or pulsed (50-100 Hz) mode for 1 - 2 minutes per field, daily; course of treatment of hypertension 10-12 procedures.
Aeroionotherapy. The products of interaction of air ions with tissues upon local exposure cause skin-visceral and vascular reactions. Their character is determined by the vegetative status of the patient. The vagotropic effect is exerted predominantly by the flow of air ions directed towards the face. Negative air ions are used, the absorbed dose of which reaches 1012 air ions, exposure time is 10-20 minutes, daily; course of treatment of hypertension 10-15 procedures.
Antihypertensive treatment for hypertension
The hypotensive effect is predominantly exerted by sedative methods of antihypertensive treatment of hypertension, which limit the flow of afferent electrical impulses into the brain stem and inhibit the activity of the vasomotor center. Along with this, some methods have a direct effect on blood vessels, reducing their resistance to blood flow, lowering systemic blood pressure and dilating peripheral vessels.
Transcerebral amplipulse therapy has a direct effect on the vasomotor centers of the brain stem and cerebral vessels. The result is normalization of cerebral and renal hemodynamics. The procedures are performed using orbital-retromastoid or frontal techniques. III RR is used, FM - 100 Hz - with the orbital technique, 30 Hz - with the frontal technique, GM 75%, variable mode. Duration 10-15 minutes, daily or every other day; course 10-15 procedures.
Warm fresh baths activate serotonergic neurons of stem structures with increased inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex and increase daily diuresis. For the antihypertensive treatment of hypertension, general baths with a water temperature of 37-40 ° C are prescribed, for 12-15 minutes, daily or with breaks on the 3-5th day; The course of this method of treating hypertension is 12-15 procedures.
Sodium chloride baths. By increasing the heat flow into the body, the superficial vessels of the skin expand, reducing the overall peripheral vascular resistance. The degree of increase in blood flow when taking sodium chloride baths is higher than fresh baths. To reduce blood pressure, baths with a low concentration of sodium chloride (20-30 g/l) are prescribed at a water temperature of 35-36 °C. In this case, there is no activating effect on the sympathoadrenal system and a decrease in the concentration of sodium in the blood plasma and a decrease in the volume of circulating blood are observed, and the reabsorption of sodium from primary urine decreases. Prescribe baths with a sodium chloride concentration of 20-30 g/l, at an indifferent temperature, for 10-20 minutes, every other day or with a break on the 3rd day; a course of this method of treating hypertension is 10-12 baths.
Carbon dioxide baths in the antihypertensive treatment of hypertension. Carbon dioxide reduces the affinity of vascular adrenergic receptors for catecholamines. Increased heat flow from carbon dioxide water into the body leads to a significant increase in blood flow in the dilated vessels of the skin, which determines a decrease in total peripheral resistance, increases renal blood flow and glomerular filtration. Sodium levels in plasma and red blood cells decrease. Under the influence of carbon dioxide (but only in small concentrations - 1-1.2 g/l), a decrease in hypersympathicotonic effects is observed, therefore carbon dioxide baths are indicated for borderline arterial hypertension and hypertension (I-II degree) in persons with manifestations of hypersympathicotonia. Prescribe baths with a gradual increase in duration (from 7 to 12 minutes) and a decrease in water temperature (from 35 to 32 ° C). Take every other day; a course of this treatment method is 12-15 baths.
Some diseases occur in parallel, intensifying each other's symptoms. An example of such a symbiosis would be hypertension and gout. The appearance of both diseases occurs in men at the age of 40, and in women after 50. How are arterial hypertension and gout interconnected, and what are the features of treatment for diseases that occur simultaneously?
Hypertension is a disease in which blood pressure systematically rises above normal. It is dangerous because it provokes diseases of the cardiovascular system, leading to heart attacks and strokes. There is no single cause of arterial hypertension. At risk are people with impaired kidney function, excess weight, a sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet. Smoking, drinking alcohol, and frequent stressful situations also provoke hypertension. Main symptoms:
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As a result of metabolic disorders, uric acid accumulates in the body and gout develops. This disease is characterized by the deposition of urea salts on the joints of the arms or legs. During an exacerbation, an attack of pain occurs, which is accompanied by inflammation and swelling of the affected area. Pain syndrome occurs when urate crystals get into the middle of the joint. Attacks occur at night and disappear within 2–3 days. Relapse of the disease is possible after 6–24 months. If left untreated, they become more frequent. An attack of the disease is provoked by:
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Monitoring blood pressure is a necessary measure for patients with gout.
Gout attacks due to chronic high blood pressure can be life-threatening.
During clinical studies, it was found that the main cause of high mortality among patients with gout is diseases of the cardiovascular system. They are provoked by: arterial hypertension, excess weight, diabetes, metabolic disorders. Lifestyle changes, proper nutrition and normalization of body weight have a positive effect on the course of the disease and on the body as a whole.
High levels of urate in the blood (hyperuricemia) are one of the common causes of gout and hypertension. It has been proven that gout attacks provoke high blood pressure and complicate the course of hypertension. At the same time, in case of gout, it is forbidden to prescribe diuretics when it is necessary to reduce blood pressure, since the effect of diuretics causes a gout attack.
If a patient has a history of high blood pressure and hyperuricemia, then it is prohibited to use drugs with diuretic properties in the treatment of hypertension. Hypertensive patients often prescribe diuretic medications for blood pressure themselves, guided by the knowledge of traditional medicine. With hyperuricemia, such actions will cause an attack, and therefore self-medication is dangerous. Your doctor should use beta blockers with caution. The best option for lowering blood pressure would be medications based on ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and angiotensin receptor blockers. The drug should have a prolonged effect and protect the organs of the cardiovascular system.
Non-drug treatment measures for the symbiosis of gout and hypertension include:
An increased content of uric salts in the body is the main cause of gout.
Urates form deposits on the joints of the hands and feet. The disease is manifested by attacks of pain and joint deformation. A high amount of urea is also one of the causes of high blood pressure. Hypertension causes heart disease, which is fatal in gout patients. And joint disease complicates hypertension, and caution is required when prescribing medications.
Two diseases such as hypertension and gout often accompany each other. Men over 40 and women over 50 are more susceptible to these ailments. Treatment of arterial hypertension with gouty arthritis requires special care, since measures aimed at normalizing blood pressure should not negatively affect the course of gout. Therefore, in order for the treatment of these pathologies to be as successful as possible, you should entrust your health to professionals and not self-medicate.
Hypertension is a pathological condition in which there is high blood pressure. Jumps in blood pressure are dangerous for the development of heart and vascular diseases, heart attack and stroke. Most often, arterial hypertension (AH) occurs in people with impaired renal function and excess weight. Frequent stressful situations, poor nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle contribute to increased blood pressure. The following symptoms indicate hypertension:
Poor metabolism contributes to the accumulation of uric acid.
A disease that develops due to metabolic disorders, when uric acid accumulates and deposits on the joints of the extremities, is called gout. This pathological condition can be provoked by diuretic drugs, limb injuries, and surgery. Alcohol drinkers also suffer from this disease.
With gout, patients experience acute pain in the joints at night or early in the morning. Usually the painful sensations subside during the day, but intensify again at night. Additionally, nausea appears, a burning sensation in the esophagus, appetite disappears, the temperature rises and blood pressure jumps. The skin around the inflamed joint turns red and becomes shiny.
Medical scientists have been able to figure out how high blood pressure may be related to joint inflammation. In addition, it was noted that most deaths occur in patients with gout who have cardiovascular diseases, including arterial hypertension. That is why all patients who have been diagnosed with excessive deposition of uric acid salts need to monitor their blood pressure.
A common cause for the development of gout and hypertension is a high amount of urate in the blood.
Gout attacks contribute to surges in blood pressure and worsen the condition of a patient with hypertension. Coping with hypertension in gout is quite difficult, since not all antihypertensive pills are allowed to be taken for gouty arthritis. It has been proven that taking diuretics can cause an acute attack of gout.
For patients with gouty arthritis and, in parallel, those suffering from high blood pressure, taking medications with a diuretic effect is strictly contraindicated. Along with taking safe pharmaceuticals, the following measures will help normalize the condition of hypertension:
The last point should be given special attention, since most health problems arise from those who like to eat junk food. For hypertension, as well as for gout, it is important to eat a lot of vegetables, dairy products, fruits and cereals. It is necessary to reduce the consumption of saturated fats from fish and meat, table salt, fried and fatty foods. In addition, you need to exclude liver, tongue, mushrooms and alcohol from your diet. With these serious diseases, it is strictly forbidden to starve yourself. It is only permissible to do fasting days once every 10-12 days, drinking freshly squeezed juices or berries.
Treatment of hypertension with gouty arthritis has its own characteristics. This category of patients is allowed to use antihypertensive drugs from the class of calcium antagonists or the AT1 blocker Losartan. These tablets reduce total peripheral vascular resistance, help lower blood pressure and reduce afterload. With the help of Losartan, it will be possible to reduce the risk of developing various cardiovascular pathologies, which are extremely dangerous for patients with gout.
You can reduce blood pressure without worsening the course of gouty arthritis with the help of the drug Valsartan, which has a dual effect: it normalizes blood pressure and improves metabolic processes that are disturbed by gout. However, not everyone is allowed to use it as an antihypertensive drug. Valsartan is not prescribed during pregnancy, breastfeeding, in childhood, as well as for any disorders of the renal arteries, reduced blood circulation and liver dysfunction. The medication is also contraindicated for patients with cirrhosis and bile duct problems.
Question: Sergey Vadimovich, hello. Some virus has killed the whole family. At first I thought that I had been poisoned by something, because some family members and I had a stomach ache and severe nausea with a headache, so it was difficult to even think about food, but at the same time, severe hunger periodically occurred.
The same condition began in the rest of the family a day later. It became clear that this was a viral disease .
In addition to everything, everyone in the family has a slight sore throat, it all started with that and severe weakness, I just didn’t pay attention to it, I thought it was because of the workout. In general, after training I often feel unwell and get sick, I don’t know what to do about it.
Children also have vomiting and diarrhea, but I have neither one nor the other, I don’t even remember whether I had vomiting in my life or not, apparently if I did, it was a very long time ago. Otherwise, everyone has the same symptoms.
There is a constant desire for water and fruit, hot drinks are unpleasant.
I have a severe headache, a feeling of a cast iron head, so I could barely get up in the morning, it was so heavy. The headache is mainly in the back of the head, one might say it’s splitting.
Severe pain appears if you try to throw your head back or move your head to the sides. During these moments, there are still strange sensations in the ears - something crunches there and as if depressurization occurs for a short time, but then there is fog in the head again.
And perhaps it is also important that almost all the time it is very very cold, the hands and feet are icy, so that no clothes or blankets can warm them.
April 17, 2018, 20:00
Answer: Hello, Elena! Everything is clear, a viral disease can manifest itself in this way. It was also necessary to write down how you look externally - whether you are sweating or not, complexion, pupil size. And no matter how there is inflammation of the meninges, like meningitis, severe headaches are very characteristic of it.
If you have a homeopathic medicine cabinet with medicines at home, you can immediately take it for treatment. You can take a homeopathic medicine – Bryonia 6C (Bryonia alba) – 7 granules under the tongue outside of meals every half hour or more often until the headache from moving the head and abdominal pain decreases.
In addition to this, take the drug - Carbo vegetabilis 6C - 7 granules every 15-20 minutes until weakness and coldness in the extremities decrease. And four more times a day, take the monomedicine - Arsenicum iodatum 6C - 5 granules.
After a few hours of taking the medicine, you can see what has changed and then adjust the treatment.
Arterial hypertension is a serious disease that must be constantly monitored and treated. If you choose the right treatment method, the disease will not become more complicated. When a person refuses to treat arterial hypertension and does not take it seriously, the body becomes exhausted and pathological changes occur in the organs. It is possible to distinguish between medicinal and non-medicinal types of treatment.
The disease requires a certain course of therapy; if this is not done in time, you can subsequently get a heart attack or stroke, which are life-threatening.
Treatment should be long-term; it is important that the patient adheres to all medical instructions and strictly follows the entire treatment program. It is important to keep control over exactly how the disease develops. The patient must monitor how he feels and constantly monitor his blood pressure.
The patient and the doctor must work in a coordinated manner; if the treatment does not help, the doctor must be told about this so that he can change something in the treatment.
1. Medication, with it you need to take various medications that will lower blood pressure.
2. Non-pharmacological, when the patient must completely change his lifestyle.
Non-drug methods include the following main ways to combat arterial hypertension:
1. It is important to monitor your weight. This is an effective fight against arterial hypertension, especially if a person has diabetes. It has been proven that when a person loses 10 kg of excess weight, he loses 5 mm. Hg Art. blood pressure decreases. To find out whether your excess weight is reflected in the disease, you need to use a special index to calculate body weight.
2. It is healthy and healthy to eat, correct it in time. This way you can not only overcome excess weight, but also bring metabolic processes back to normal.
3. Consume salt as little as possible. Because of it, blood pressure often increases because a large amount of water remains in the body. You can consume no more than 5 grams per day, and you should also avoid foods that contain large amounts of salt. This way you can reduce your blood pressure by 2 mmHg.
4. The diet should contain as many foods as possible that contain sufficient amounts of potassium, calcium and magnesium. They have a positive effect on the muscles of the heart and blood vessels. Magnesium can help relax blood vessels. A large number of substances are contained in fermented milk products.
5. Avoid alcoholic beverages, because arterial hypertension often leads to pathological processes in the heart and brain. If you forget about alcoholic drinks, your blood pressure will drop by 4 mm. Hg Patients with arterial hypertension can drink 50 grams of cognac or wine - 100 ml per day, no more.
6. It is important to give up the bad habit of smoking.
7. Play sports, this way you can protect yourself from complications that arise from hypertension. It is necessary to walk as much as possible, walk in the park for at least half an hour. If you lead an active lifestyle, you can reduce your blood pressure to 5 mmHg.
A combination type of drug is often prescribed when drug and non-drug treatment is used.
Also, in the initial stages of the disease, you need to try to normalize the pressure, but you cannot use different medications. It is important to lead a healthy lifestyle, not to be nervous, and to avoid stress. Because of them, a large amount of adrenaline enters the blood, and then blood pressure jumps.
You should not take medications at the initial stage of the disease, because the body can quickly get used to them and will not be able to fight the disease in the future. Over time, you have to increase the dosage. Physiotherapeutic procedures and acupuncture are often used. When arterial hypertension just begins to develop, it is necessary to take medications that can help normalize the central nervous system and establish the metabolic process in the brain.
If a person’s blood pressure fluctuates sharply, there is a hypertensive crisis, hypertrophic processes occur in the left ventricle of the heart, with atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, severe hypertension, if someone in the family has died due to this disease, it is necessary to take medications.
When taking medications, the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates must not be disrupted, and blood pressure must not rise sharply. Monitor the state of the central nervous system; it should not be overstrained.
Medicines must be taken constantly; if you suddenly stop taking them, it can end in a stroke or heart attack. To increase the effectiveness of medications, you need to take them before and after meals, so the drugs will be fully absorbed by the intestines.
The most commonly prescribed drugs are:
1. Diuretics and beta-blockers.
2. Calcium antagonist and beta-blockers.
3. Inhibitors and beta-blockers.
If these drugs are ineffective, others may be added.
1. You cannot sharply reduce blood pressure, as this will worsen blood circulation in the organs.
2. You need to bring your blood pressure back to normal gradually.
3. In severe cases of hypertension, beta-blockers, diuretics, a calcium antagonist, and alpha-blockers are prescribed.
4. In cases where malignant arterial hypertension is complicated by a pathological process in the kidneys, heart, or nervous system, urgent surgery is necessary.
So, treatment of arterial hypertension is effective only if it has been possible to normalize blood pressure by 25%, the person has gotten rid of encephalopathy, and feels great. For preventive purposes, it is important to measure blood pressure every day, record the readings in a diary, and see a doctor.
Hypertension is characterized by a sustained increase in blood pressure with impaired heart function. There are three degrees of this disease, each of which is characterized by its own blood pressure indicators and possible risks. If stage 2 hypertension is diagnosed, symptoms and treatment depend on the nature of the course and the rate of progression of the disease.
There are three degrees of hypertension - mild, moderate and severe.
Mild hypertension (grade 1) is characterized by a slight and short-term increase in blood pressure. The danger of the disease at this stage is that hypertension progresses rapidly, especially without adequate and timely treatment.
Stage 2 hypertension is characterized by an increase in blood pressure within the range of 160-180 mmHg. The lower indicator, diastolic pressure, fluctuates between 100-110 mmHg. Characteristic features of the disease:
This form of the disease is characterized by an increase in the duration of high blood pressure; values within normal limits are observed very rarely, even when taking special medications.
The second stage is the result of ineffective treatment of the first
Due to a constant increase in blood pressure, changes occur in the structure of the vascular walls. They become rigid, lose elasticity, as a result of which they lose the ability to quickly adapt to changed pressure. This leads to the risk of developing a hypertensive crisis, a condition in which blood pressure levels rapidly increase.
If at the initial stage of the disease there are no risks to internal organs, stage 2 hypertension is characterized by an increased risk of damage to the heart, kidneys, visual organs or brain. This is due to impaired blood circulation and oxygen supply to vital organs against the background of constantly elevated blood pressure.
In the absence of adequate drug and non-drug therapy, stage 2 hypertension develops into stage 3, which is characterized by pathological changes in the walls of blood vessels, damage to several organs and a high risk of sudden cardiac death.
Stage 2 hypertension is the result of the absence or low effectiveness of treatment for stage 1 hypertension. Causes of increased blood pressure:
Bad habits, especially smoking, lead to impaired vascular tone. Nicotine provokes destruction of the walls of blood vessels, and alcohol causes sudden changes in pressure, as a result of which the blood vessels weaken. Long years of smoking lead to impaired permeability of vascular walls. They lose elasticity, their tone changes. Alcohol abuse causes a rapid increase and then a decrease in blood pressure. If such surges occur frequently and are accompanied by intoxication of the body and leaching of useful substances, over time the heart becomes exhausted and hypertension develops.
One of the factors that increases the risk of developing the disease is excess weight. As a rule, obese people do not monitor their diet and lead a passive lifestyle. This negatively affects the functioning of the heart and the entire body as a whole. Quite often this is accompanied by vascular atherosclerosis - the formation of plaques on the walls of blood vessels due to the high concentration of “bad” cholesterol in the blood.
With extra pounds comes extra pressure.
Chronic diseases against which hypertension develops are hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus and vascular atherosclerosis. Hypertension can accompany gout, kidney failure and other diseases that develop in older age.
The factor that provokes a rapid jump in blood pressure is stress. This condition depletes the nervous system, which regulates vascular tone. Against the background of poor nutrition, non-compliance with sleep and wakefulness, and a deficiency of nutrients, there is a disruption of the nervous system, which results in a rapid increase in vascular tone. This is accompanied by an increase in the load on the heart and over time passes into the chronic stage, which is called hypertension.
Stage 2 hypertension is characterized by symptoms of a sustained increase in blood pressure and disruption of the functioning of the most important organs. Specific signs of the disease:
Nonspecific symptoms and signs of grade 2 hypertension depend on damage to internal organs.
One of the symptoms that allows one to suspect the onset of a pathological process is a constant headache. It is localized in the temporal region, but can radiate to the back of the head. The pain is pressing or throbbing in nature and is not relieved by simple analgesics.
The most common symptom of hypertension is headache
Due to impaired blood supply to the brain, cognitive functions are weakened. Hypertension of the 2nd degree is characterized by weakening of memory, deterioration of concentration, and decreased performance.
Another specific sign indicating the progression of hypertension is the appearance of edema. First of all, the eyelids swell, characteristic bags under the eyes appear, indicating a violation of the kidneys. Then swelling of the entire face and redness of the skin appear. All this is accompanied by shortness of breath and fatigue. Swelling eventually spreads to the lower and upper extremities. The legs begin to ache and ache after a long walk, they become heavy, discomfort is felt even at rest.
To assess the risk of complications with subsequent disability of the patient, a special scale is used that takes into account aggravating factors and concomitant diseases.
First degree risk is the probability of developing complications less than 15%. This type of hypertension is considered mild. The first degree risk is diagnosed only when the patient does not have chronic diseases against which the rapid progression of hypertension occurs.
It is important to understand that risk assessment is only a rough analysis of the further course of the disease, taking into account the habits, lifestyle and health status of the patient. With timely treatment of concomitant diseases and elimination of factors that provoke the progression of hypertension, the risk of target organ damage is reduced.
Hypertension grade 2, risk 2, is diagnosed in the presence of one or more factors aggravating the course of the pathology. These include:
The age factor is also taken into account. For men, the risks increase after 55 years, for women - after 65 years. This age range is due to hormonal characteristics and lifestyle. As a rule, men are more prone to bad habits and poor nutrition than women. For representatives of the fair sex, the risk of developing hypertension increases only after menopause; before this period, a woman’s cardiovascular system is protected by her own sex hormones.
Risk 2 for grade 2 arterial hypertension predicts the development of pathological processes in the arteries and target organs with a probability of up to 20%.
Stage 2 hypertension with risk 2 may eventually progress to the third stage of the disease. In this case, the organs of vision and kidneys are primarily affected.
Hypertension is dangerous due to complications. from which vital organs are affected
Arterial hypertension of 2 degrees with a risk of 3 is a disease aggravated by the presence of chronic diseases, such as acquired or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The third degree risk for hypertension is also posed by the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in the vessels, smoking, unhealthy lifestyle and obesity.
This stage of the disease predicts the development of dangerous complications in the near future with a probability of 30%. In this case, the main blow falls on the kidneys and heart, and there is a repeated risk of rapid progression of hypertension with the development of complicated hypertensive crises. Pathological disorders that are expected as the disease progresses:
Hypertension of the 2nd degree in this case can lead to early loss of ability to work and disability.
4 risk for grade 2 hypertension is assumed if the patient has a history of:
This diagnosis is given to all patients without exception who have experienced a heart attack.
It is important to understand that risk is only one of the possible predictions made at the time of examination of the patient. Timely lifestyle changes, adequate drug therapy and giving up bad habits can reduce the risks of complications and disability in the future.
To diagnose stage 2 arterial hypertension, it is necessary to undergo a series of examinations. First of all, a physical examination is carried out, blood pressure and pulse rate are measured. An examination with a stethoscope, an assessment of the condition of the skin and an analysis of patient complaints are required.
If we are talking about the progression of the disease in a patient with an early diagnosed initial stage of hypertension, the diagnosis is made without the need for additional examinations, only on the basis of the very fact of a sustained increase in blood pressure to 180 mmHg.
Additional examinations necessary to obtain a complete picture of the patient’s health condition:
Based on the data obtained, stage 2 hypertension is clarified. Examinations of the kidneys and thyroid gland are necessary to exclude pathologies of these organs, against the background of which secondary arterial hypertension develops.
To make a correct diagnosis, more than one study will be needed
Treatment of stage 2 hypertension requires an integrated approach. If at the initial stage of hypertension non-drug treatment is practiced, then when the pathology passes into phase two, stage 2 arterial hypertension is treated with drugs, non-drug agents and lifestyle changes.
Main goals of treatment:
The goals are achieved by following a strict diet, normalizing the daily routine and giving up bad habits, as well as drug treatment.
It is important to understand that without lifestyle changes, drug therapy will be ineffective. Only the elimination of factors that provoke surges in blood pressure guarantees success in achieving goals in the treatment of hypertension.
Drug treatment of stage 2 hypertension forms the basis of therapy. The drugs are selected in such a way as to stabilize blood pressure and prevent the development of dangerous complications.
First line medications:
Additionally, vitamins, magnesium preparations and other medications may be prescribed.
ACE inhibitors, such as Captopril, are the most commonly used medications. They block the production of an enzyme that triggers a chain of reactions, resulting in the production of aldosterone and increased vascular tone. Such drugs have a prolonged effect and allow you to control blood pressure for a long time. The advantages of drugs in this group are ease of use - only 2 tablets per day are enough to ensure a stable hypotensive effect.
When treating hypertension, doctors prescribe several medications of different types at once.
Diuretics are always prescribed in addition to ACE inhibitors. These drugs stimulate kidney function and remove excess fluid from the body, thereby normalizing blood viscosity and reducing the load on blood vessels and the heart.
Calcium antagonists have an antispasmodic effect, relaxing blood vessels. These drugs reduce the manifestations of arrhythmia and reduce the load on the heart.
Renin inhibitors are used in addition to the above medications. They do not have a direct effect on blood pressure, but have a cardioprotective effect and protect the kidneys from possible complications due to a sustained increase in vascular tone.
The list of drugs for stage 2 hypertension for the treatment and prevention of complications includes more than three dozen items in each group. Only a doctor should select medications.
Non-traditional methods of treatment for hypertension are not only not prohibited, but are also approved by cardiologists. The main thing to remember is that traditional treatment cannot completely replace drug therapy. Folk remedies should be used only in addition to the medications prescribed by the doctor, and only after consultation with a cardiologist. Some traditional methods can be dangerous, so you should agree with a specialist on a scheme for supplementing drug therapy with non-traditional means.
To combat second-degree hypertension, it is proposed to use the following natural diuretics used for hypertension:
Such drinks increase daily diuresis, thereby lowering blood pressure. In addition, rose hips and uzvar contain many vitamins and antioxidants that protect the cardiovascular system, strengthen the immune system and improve vascular elasticity.
To prepare rosehip decoction, you need to boil two tablespoons of the fruit in two glasses of water for 15 minutes. The medicine should infuse for 2 hours, and then it can be taken half a glass daily.
Another effective diuretic is a decoction of dill seeds. A tablespoon of seeds should be poured into a liter of water and cooked for half an hour over low heat. Then the medicine is filtered and taken throughout the day in small portions. The permissible daily dose is 100 ml of decoction, divided into several doses.
Uzvar is a drink made from dried fruits. To prepare it, boil 1 kg of dried fruits in three liters of water without adding sugar. You can drink the drink in any quantity, as it not only removes water from the body, but also strengthens the immune system.
Useful herbal infusions with a diuretic effect are a decoction of linden, chamomile flowers, and lemon balm. To prepare, pour a small spoonful of cheese into a glass of boiling water, leave covered for 15 minutes, and then drink.
Sedatives are used to control surges in blood pressure. They calm the nervous system and help minimize the effects of stress. Among folk remedies, alcohol tinctures of peony, motherwort, and valerian root are recommended. These medications can be prepared independently or purchased at any pharmacy.
As a sedative before bed, you can drink herbal tea made from chamomile, lemon balm, hawthorn and valerian root. To prepare tea, mix all the ingredients in equal proportions, then take a teaspoon of the resulting mixture and brew it in a glass of boiling water.
Folk remedies can only be an addition to medications
Along with drug treatment, diet plays an important role in grade 2 hypertension. Nutrition is formulated in such a way as to minimize fluid retention in the body. In addition, there are a number of foods that stimulate increased blood pressure. They should be completely abandoned. Such products include:
There is a strict restriction on salt consumption - no more than 4 g per day is allowed. If swelling occurs, the amount of salt is reduced to 2 g.
Nutrition for stage 2 hypertension is not a diet, but a way of life. It must be fractional and balanced. You should eat in small portions, but every 3-4 hours. The basis of the diet should be vegetables and fruits that have a diuretic effect. Meat is not prohibited, but preference is given to dietary types. Food must be baked or steamed; fried foods are prohibited. You can stew and cook vegetables with meat, but without using vegetable oil.
As a dessert, yoghurt, freshly squeezed juices, and berry fruit drinks are allowed. Products such as persimmon, pomegranate, grapes, and dried fruits are especially useful for arterial hypertension. You can eat walnuts with honey.
Without switching to proper nutrition, there will be no effect from treatment
For stage 2 hypertension, symptoms and treatment depend on concomitant diseases, weight and age of the patient. For obesity and physical inactivity, patients are advised to undergo regular but moderate physical activity.
If the patient feels well enough, he is recommended to run at a moderate pace, do yoga, and swim. For second-degree hypertension, breathing exercises are often recommended, which not only improves health, but also helps lower blood pressure. Physical therapy classes under the guidance of a doctor, which are carried out in the clinic, are also useful.
You should only exercise when your blood pressure and pulse are under control. If the patient feels unwell, intense exercise should be avoided. In this case, short walks at a slow pace before bed are recommended.
It is recommended to discuss the need for exercise with your doctor. Although physical activity helps treat hypertension, in some cases it may be prohibited.
Disability for grade 2 hypertension depends on the patient’s ability to work. The decision to assign disability is made by a commission and depends on pressure indicators and possible risks. If the disease is aggravated by diabetes mellitus and atheroskerosis, there is a risk of developing myocardial infarction, or the patient has already suffered a heart attack, it is possible to assign disability group 2 or 3.
Every year the patient will have to undergo a second commission to confirm the assigned group. If health improves and the progression of the disease stops, the patient is transferred from the second group to the third.
The first disability group for hypertension is given only if the patient has suffered multiple heart attacks or strokes and cannot move independently.
A question that interests all young men of military age is whether they are accepted into the army with stage 2 hypertension. The Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Defense have added stage 2 hypertension to the list of diseases with which young men cannot be recruited for military service.
Honored cardiologist: “Surprisingly, most people are ready to take any medications for hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia and heart attack, without even thinking about the side effects. Most of these products have many contraindications and become addictive after just a few days of use. But there is a real alternative - a natural remedy that affects the very cause of high blood pressure. The main component of the drug is simple. "