Many people have serious problems with calluses on their feet. The little finger is especially vulnerable. A callus on the little finger causes a lot of discomfort. To prevent the development of complications, get rid of pain and other signs of the disease, it is necessary to remove the callus on time and correctly.
In its appearance and essence, a callus is a skin compaction. On the skin area, keratinization and thickening of healthy skin occurs. More often, the seal appears from constant friction of the skin against the edge of the shoe. And friction comes from wearing shoes incorrectly. The following factors lead to calluses on the little finger:
Various types of calluses form on the little finger. Doctors and cosmetologists distinguish between types:
The main mistake people make is to ignore the resulting calluses. The formations need to be treated, even if they often do not cause inconvenience, and the person continues to actively use the limb. The thought of treating a callus arises when the callus begins to cause pain.
Treatment will require the use of medications that relieve pain and relieve inflammation. Protozoa - bactericidal patches. The patch treats and alleviates the patient’s condition and stops the further development of the disease. Before treatment, take a closer look at the condition of your little finger. Sometimes buying the right product is enough.
If there is a wound inside the callus (more often happens if the skin of the callus is cracked), disinfection will be required before treatment. The best disinfectants against calluses are aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide and chlorhexidine. After disinfection, it is recommended to apply an ointment with healing properties (for example, Levomekol) to the wound and bandage the callus.
It is not recommended to puncture the callus. The above applies to cases where a bubble with watery contents has formed on the skin. If a blister is punctured, many pathogenic microorganisms enter the wound. It is better to treat such a bubble with a bactericidal patch, after pre-treating the surface with an antiseptic.
The bubble can burst on its own, the liquid inside flows out. It is permissible to treat the wound yourself. Similar actions will be required when piercing the bladder yourself. The use of antibacterial ointment is mandatory: the product prevents infection from getting on the skin. Any of the antibacterial agents kills germs and promotes rapid healing of the callus. If the temperature rises, pus begins to ooze from the wound, redness or swelling appears, you need to consult a doctor rather than carry out independent treatment.
It is allowed to use folk remedies to treat burst calluses. The following remedies heal the wound well, fight pain, and prevent infection:
It is possible to get rid of dry calluses on the little toe using many remedies. If the callus is old and dense, do not expect that relief will be quick. You will need to show extraordinary perseverance and perseverance to achieve results.
To treat your little finger, purchase a bactericidal patch at the pharmacy. Be sure to steam the callus before applying the patch; the active ingredients of the patch will penetrate the skin faster. As a rule, salicylic and benzoic acid are used as medicines. The substances disinfect well and soften rough areas of the skin. Softened calluses can be removed much better with pumice.
Using traditional methods of removing calluses brings the desired result, but you will have to try hard to achieve it. If you don’t have enough time or patience to do home procedures, you can use other methods for removing dry calluses on the little finger.
It will be much faster to remove a dry callus on the little finger and cure the finger with the help of the services of a beauty salon. As a rule, salons offer clients hardware removal of dry calluses. Removal is painless and well tolerated. It is possible to remove calluses using liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen is well tolerated by the body, has no color or odor, and does not cause an allergic reaction. In rare cases, a specific reaction to cold may occur; however, the manifestations quickly pass.
Laser removal is considered a quick and effective way to get rid of dry calluses on the little finger. Modern laser does not irritate the skin and quickly removes dead skin. The maximum duration of the laser removal procedure is up to one and a half minutes. This method of removing calluses on the little finger is completely painless. The procedure will not cause complications: the laser used to remove calluses is safe.
A root callus is otherwise called an ingrown callus. The composition includes a rod that penetrates deeply into the skin. It is visually impossible to determine how deeply the root has penetrated into the dermis. More often, such a callus is formed as a result of wearing unsuitable shoes. Often the cause of callus formation and its complications is a viral or bacterial infection.
Sometimes the callus produces severe pain. The appearance of severe pain always indicates the beginning of an inflammatory process that has already affected the nerve endings. In such cases, you can professionally get rid of such calluses only in the office of a doctor or cosmetologist. Only a doctor can completely remove the core of the callus and prevent further penetration of the infection. If, after removal, the slightest piece of the rod remains in the skin, the process will soon give rise to a new callus, which means new suffering. It happens that the rod cannot be removed during a one-time visit to the doctor.
If the core of the callus is small and does not hurt, it is likely to be removed using a special callus fluid. Can be purchased at a pharmacy without a doctor's prescription. The instructions for using the liquid are simple. After several procedures, the callus quickly disappears, taking away the painful sensations.
Removing hard callus using liquid nitrogen brings positive results. As a rule, the patient tolerates the procedure for removing skin growths with nitrogen well, although the temperature drops to minus two hundred degrees. Nitrogen is completely harmless to the body; short-term exposure to cold on the skin has no negative effect.
Better than other methods is to remove the rod using a modern laser. Polarized light penetrates deeply into the skin and fights the cause of the disease. A few days after the procedure, the callus along with the rod disappears on its own. There are no more calluses left in the skin.
Any callus on the little toe can be prevented. Moreover, special or extraordinary measures will not be required. Prevention of calluses on the little finger comes down to the following requirements:
Getting rid of calluses on your little toes is easy. There is no need to put off treatment until later. Try to remove the callus early; delay will lead to extremely undesirable consequences.
Women’s desire to have beautiful shoes sometimes prevails over all rational arguments: even if the shoes or boots are “a little” too tight, they try to ignore it. Everyone usually hopes that the shoes will wear out and “fit the foot,” and as a result, shoes that are clearly too small are still purchased. But almost always the result of such a thoughtless purchase is the same: a dry callus on the little toe, it is impossible to wear shoes, the callus requires treatment.
Calluses cannot be called a disease, but they create a great many problems, the main one being severe pain. That is why the term is adopted - to treat calluses. Typically, such formations appear on the feet and toes.
There are many reasons for their occurrence, they can be both external and internal. Yellowish dense bumps - dry calluses on the little toes - seemingly coming from nowhere, are probably familiar to everyone. What causes their appearance, how to treat these formations, how to determine whether a callus or a compaction similar to it has appeared?
Internal, or exogenous, factors are somehow not taken into account when growths appear on the fingers. And in vain. After all, a dry callus with a core on the little toe is, first of all, a violation of the trophism of the skin. Often such changes are observed in people suffering from diabetes. Dry calluses can also appear in those who have skin pathologies: ichthyosis, keratoderma, psoriasis. Flat feet, club feet (acquired or congenital), previous leg trauma - all these factors significantly influence the appearance of dry calluses.
And the external, endogenous factor in the formation of calluses is, of course, shoes. Narrow, tight shoes with constant friction and compression in the same place are almost guaranteed to provide you with dry calluses on your fingers, plus a long treatment for them. But too wide shoes, in which the foot “dangles” and is not firmly fixed, will also cause the same troubles. But carefully selected shoes protect a woman from a lot of unnecessary painful problems.
But before you think about how to cure a dry callus on the little toe, you need to make sure: is it a callus?
At first glance, the issue of diagnosing calluses is not very difficult, but it only seems so. The thing is that a wart - papilloma - is often disguised as a callus. Outwardly, it is difficult to distinguish from an ordinary callus; it develops according to completely different laws, and, accordingly, is treated according to different schemes. By incorrectly identifying a wart as a callus, you can treat it for a long time and unsuccessfully, without, of course, achieving any results. Only a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis.
Dry calluses on the little toes are formed due to the fact that the treatment of dropsy (wet calluses) was carried out carelessly, and most often no one intended to treat it. Dead cells of the epidermis (blister of water callus) form a dry callus on the skin, which gradually develops into a callus with a core.
How to treat a dry callus on the little toe? Of course, it is best to consult a doctor first. The specialist will determine what type of callus has formed on your foot and suggest methods for eliminating it. It’s worth noting right away: if the calluses have a core, you shouldn’t even try to remove them at home, since you won’t be able to remove the root yourself. It penetrates too deeply into the layers of the skin to be removed with home tools.
At the appropriate clinic, you will be offered the removal of such formations using liquid nitrogen or laser. The use of cryotherapy is a method of freezing dead skin tissue, as well as the callus core. The procedure is practically painless and is carried out quickly: 40-60 seconds. After some time, the callus will fall off on its own, and new skin will grow in its place.
The laser therapy method works in a different direction: a dry callus with a rod on the finger is evaporated with a high-energy laser beam. A short laser session will allow you to forget about the calluses that tormented you forever.
If a dry callus appears on the little finger, its treatment is also possible with the use of medications. Your doctor may recommend using calendula ointment. This product will soften and disinfect the skin well.
You can try various ointments and creams in the fight against calluses. Today there are many different drugs available on the market to combat dry calluses. Before purchasing a product, make sure that it contains salicylic or benzoic acid.
The best option for a remedy against calluses is the presence of both acids. They soften the skin, allowing you to scrape off dead skin with a pumice stone or sharp scissors. The ointments “Super Antimozolin” and “Bensalitin” give a very good effect. Unfortunately, a callus with a core cannot be removed using such means.
There are situations when it is quite difficult to get to the pharmacy or to see a doctor, and the callus torments and haunts you. In such cases, you have to turn to traditional medicine, remember your grandmother’s recipes and refresh your knowledge about medicinal plants. Sometimes calluses can be removed just as well with home methods like this as with proprietary products.
Before removing a dry callus on the little finger, it must be steamed well. Baths with the addition of various ingredients help very well in the fight against calluses.
In addition to baths, in the arsenal of home remedies there are many recipes using what is called improvised means. Vegetables and fruits that often decorate your table will now act as home remedies.
Listen to very simple advice: buy shoes in your size, observe personal hygiene rules - wash your feet more often, wear open shoes in the summer, apply a patch if they rub. Such simple measures will allow you to forever forget about dry calluses on your little toes.
A callus is a lump on the skin formed as a result of prolonged friction or pressure on the skin. Their appearance on the feet is most often caused by wearing new, tight or uncomfortable shoes, on the hands - by heavy physical labor, during which the delicate skin is subjected to strong friction. Of course, the formation of calluses is not considered a disease, but their presence causes a lot of inconvenience to a person. And for the fair half of humanity, they are a cosmetic problem that can really spoil the mood.
The causes of calluses can be internal or external. External ones include:
Internal reasons include:
All calluses are divided into 2 types:
Dry calluses with a core have a smooth and shiny surface, and the skin surrounding them appears red and irritated. It may feel painful when touched. These skin lesions are classified as:
It is believed that by the location of the callus one can judge the state of a person’s health. For example:
Formations on the hands cause no less trouble and require prompt skin care, especially during the summer season.
The difficulty in treating dry corns with a core is that they usually appear on the fingers of the lower extremities and the outside of the little fingers. Skin lumps can also form on the underside or inside of the base of the big toe. When pain occurs when walking, you should not put off the fight “for later”.
Be that as it may, it is not recommended to cut out the skin yourself, since you can not only get seriously injured, but also get an infection, the penetration of which can negatively affect the condition of the entire body.
There are several methods of disposal:
Let's look at each technique in more detail.
Pharmacy medications are the first place any treatment begins. They are easy to use and can be purchased without a prescription, however, some of them have a number of contraindications.
The most effective remedies against calluses are as follows:
In some cases, more serious intervention is required. One of them is laser removal. Indications for such treatment may include:
Despite the apparent safety of the procedure, there are also contraindications to its implementation. These include:
Laser removal is a quick and effective procedure that will completely rid you of unpleasant corns. The downside is its cost and possible contraindications.
Cryotherapy or liquid nitrogen removal is another means of combating the problem. Nitrogen “freezes” the damaged area of the skin, thereby causing necrosis. The procedure is easy to use and has no contraindications, so it can be an excellent alternative to laser removal.
Liquid nitrogen is a colorless, odorless liquid that acts as a freezing agent that causes tissue death.
The problem area of the skin is treated with it for 30 seconds. A few days after the procedure, the dead tissue is rejected and the place where the old dry callus was is covered with new smooth skin.
In order to get rid of the problem, you need to undergo only one procedure, after which, as prescribed by a specialist, you need to carry out home care of the treated area for speedy tissue regeneration.
In order to remove small superficial calluses, you can visit a beauty salon, where they perform a procedure such as a hardware pedicure. A bur (a special device with various attachments) gently polishes the skin of the foot with calloused formations. To eliminate it, a single procedure performed as part of a dry hardware pedicure is often sufficient. Dry calluses on the hands can be removed using all the methods described above.
To prevent the re-formation of troublesome calluses, it is recommended to wear orthopedic shoes. Sometimes their appearance signals problems in the functioning of the large intestine. In this case, it is necessary to cure the underlying disease and remove skin growths at the same time.
When exercising for long periods of time on the horizontal bar or with dumbbells, working in the garden or driving, wear gloves. They will protect the skin from possible unpleasant consequences.
If a callus has already appeared, our tips will help you cope with this scourge. Be healthy!
Material updated 02/06/2018
A callus is a dense, rough skin formation that occurs most often on the toes. It protrudes above the surface of the skin and is characterized by a regular round shape. The core callus consists of a cap and a root that extends deep into the tissue. The main sign of a callus, its difference from other skin lesions, is a small spot located in the very center. This is the core, the root of the callus, which is embedded in the tissue. This formation occurs for two reasons:
1. Due to infection of the skin with a dermatotropic virus;
2. Getting foreign objects under the skin.
Since the human body, in response to these irritants, produces accelerated cell division in the problem area, a thick layer of keratinized skin is formed in this place. The appearance of calluses can occur at any age; most often they are located on the thumb or little finger. This formation must be combated and treated, because it creates acute, sometimes unbearable pain when walking, contributes to gait disturbance and the occurrence of joint diseases.
Photo of the core callus
Ideally, the legs of a person of any age should look like this.
This is what calluses that affect the foot look like.
When faced with the appearance of a callus, the patient must understand that simply removing the cap of this formation cannot be done. The root remains in the tissues, and soon a new growth forms in place of the removed tip. Practice has shown that there are ways to remove callus, but they will require time and persistence from the patient.
The first aid for a patient with calluses is hot foot baths with mustard powder dissolved in them. You can make baths with soda or liquid soap. Steaming will soften the top layer of hard skin; then it can be easily cut off using small scissors. After this procedure, the core of the callus will open; it must be treated with a drop of citric acid. Treatment with vinegar and celandine juice gives a good effect. After this, you should cover the wound with a bactericidal plaster.
To remove the core callus, you can use a pharmaceutical product - the “Salipod” patch. The patch applied to the callus is left in place for a certain time specified in the instructions. After this, the softened callus is cut off, the rod is pulled out with tweezers, the wound is treated with iodine, and a bandage is applied. Sometimes the root cannot be removed the first time; repeated application of Salipod will help the rod come out on its own.
Removal of callus
If the callus is small and has penetrated shallowly into the tissue, specialists use the method of drilling it out. A cutter of the required diameter is selected, the root of the callus is carefully drilled out, healthy tissue is not damaged during this procedure. The wound is treated with antiviral agents.
Laser treatment is very effective; its use is justified when the core of the callus has gone deep. The wound is treated with special means; there is practically no trace left on the tissue after laser treatment. To remove calluses on the toes, cryotherapy is used - the so-called treatment with liquid nitrogen. A few days are enough for the tissues that died during this procedure to be rejected, and they will be replaced by smooth, healthy skin.
Calluses occur in every second person. Calloused neoplasms create problems when walking, are accompanied by pain and spoil the emotional state. The most common callus is on the little toe, which is explained by the more delicate and thinner skin on the little toe.
A callosum is a dense area of skin with a dead stratum corneum, which can form as a result of constant friction of the skin with improperly selected shoes, as well as heavy loads on the feet and increased sweating, which creates a favorable area for the development of the pathological process. A callus on the little toe causes particular discomfort for women who cannot wear high heels or simply beautiful dress shoes due to severe pain. Therefore, for the fair sex, treating dry calluses on the little toes is a priority.
Treatment of calluses on the little toes is selected individually, because in each specific case the form of the callous formation and the general condition of the body are of no small importance.
Many patients ask whether external remedies are effective and how to get rid of dry calluses using creams and ointments? External agents can reduce negative manifestations only at the early stage of development of a callosal neoplasm.
Bensalitin ointment, which contains benzoic and salicylic acid, is often used for treatment. Before getting rid of a callus on the little finger with Bensalitin, it is recommended to steam the foot, then wipe it, followed by applying ointment. It is necessary to perform this action at least 3-4 times a day until the callus on the little toe goes away.
Antimozolin, which contains urea and lactic acid, which softens rough skin, shows good effectiveness. This remedy is best for getting rid of corns and dry calluses.
In addition to ointments and creams, special adhesive plasters (Salipod, Mozolin, Nemozol) are actively used. These products contain salicylic acid, which softens calluses and has an antiseptic effect. How to remove a callus using adhesive plasters will tell you the instructions for use included in the package with the adhesive plasters.
Before treating callous growths with adhesive plasters, you should first steam the sore leg. However, it should be remembered that if the callus is filled with liquid contents, the use of anti-callus patches is not recommended, as this can lead to the callus opening up under the influence of Salicyl and starting to hurt even more.
In addition, before applying a medicinal patch to your finger, it is recommended to steam the calloused neoplasm as much as possible using manganese or acid (boric). In general, such treatment can last 2-3 weeks.
Laser removal - this method of removing dry calluses on the little finger is considered the most optimal. In this case, the removed area is captured as deeply as possible while simultaneously cauterizing small vessels, which prevents possible bleeding during the procedure. The procedure itself is performed quite quickly (2-3 minutes). If there are no complications, the callus can be eliminated in 1 session.
Cryodestruction - this method allows you to get rid of calluses using liquid nitrogen. Cryodestruction is most effective in removing dry and overgrown calluses. However, before removing calluses on the little toes using nitrogen, you should remember that this method also has a drawback in the form of the inability to control the depth of exposure to nitrogen. As a result, part of the tumor that has not been removed may remain.
In addition to medicinal and surgical methods of getting rid of calluses on the little fingers, folk remedies are quite actively used.
The callus can be removed by attaching a lemon drop to it overnight and securing it with an adhesive bandage. After the adhesive plaster is removed, the keratinized area is easily removed with a pumice stone, followed by application of a nourishing cream.
This plant is recommended to be used to remove compacted areas of growth. To do this, you need to cut an aloe leaf lengthwise and apply it to the area of the callus on the little toe that hurts. Aloe is fixed on the leg within 12 hours. After removing the bandage, the callus is easily removed.
You should add a little potassium permanganate to hot water, then lower the sore leg into the bath and keep it in the water for at least 10-15 minutes. At the end of the procedure, the foot should be wiped dry and the callus should be lubricated with a nourishing cream.
The juice from the plant is applied to the callus 2-3 r. in a day. In addition, you can prepare a paste from the leaves of the plant to apply compresses to the calloused area.
The alcohol must be diluted to 40 degrees, moisten a cotton pad or sterile cloth in it and apply to the callus. The top of the leg is wrapped in a bandage and cellophane, after which a warm sock is put on. The compress is left overnight, after which the callus is softened and removed with a pumice stone.
Despite many traditional medicine recipes, if treatment is not effective, a consultation with your doctor is required, who will adjust the necessary measures to remove the tumor.
To obtain the most positive treatment result, there are certain conditions:
In the case when a person decides to remove a skin growth on his own, before treating the callus with medications, you must carefully read the instructions.
The composition of products for calluses must contain benzoic and salicylic acids, which have a softening effect.
It is no secret that it is easier to prevent a pathological process than to make a lot of efforts in the future to get rid of negative symptoms.
As preventive measures it is recommended:
It is important to remember that a dry callus on the little finger is a nuisance that can develop into a big problem for the patient, which is why timely treatment, as well as prevention, is so important.
Everyone knows that a callus on the little toe can bring many problems and troubles for a person. However, not everyone treats their body carefully, despite the fact that maintaining one’s own health is not only a guarantee of health, but also a rule of good manners.
Quite often there are cases when it is necessary to resort to a surgical method to remove a callus on the little toe, at a time when this process could have been stopped at the initial stage of the formation of callous tissue. However, people go to the doctor only when the callus hurts severely and the patient’s usual lifestyle is disrupted.
Illiterate self-medication can lead to negative consequences, so at the first sign of a callus, seek help from a specialist.
This will help avoid side effects in the future.
Everyone is familiar with the problem of callus formation. These hard, painful lesions make walking difficult and spoil your mood. A callus on the little toe is the most common skin lesion on the foot. It is on the little toe that the skin is the most delicate, and the contact with the shoe in this part of the foot is the densest. Untimely treatment of such keratinization can lead to serious consequences, including severe inflammation of adjacent tissues. You can completely forget about a light and beautiful gait. If a callus on your little toe hurts, what should you do? Treat correctly and prevent complications from developing.
The question “how to remove a callus on the little toe” is asked quite late. The keratinized area of skin does not cause any inconvenience for a long time, and no attention is paid to it. Therapeutic measures begin to be taken when the callus on the little toe hurts. But pain is a clear sign of the disease and the painstaking treatment ahead. The history of every callus begins much earlier, from the moment the shoe first rubs. Read this article on how to treat shoe calluses. A callus on the little toe, the treatment of which consists of a set of lengthy procedures to remove it, can be prevented at the stage of the first pain when walking. A callus between the little toe and ring finger is a consequence of wearing tight shoes. And all these calluses can be avoided if you listen to your body's signals.
If time is lost and the process of skin injury has actively begun, you need to stop it and return the skin to its original state. Most often, a callus begins with a wet bubble, which is strictly forbidden to pierce. Acceptable actions are to protect the callus from injury and dry it with alcohol or other antiseptic. The callus on the foot between the little and ring toes is wet in most cases. Piercing such a callus is permissible only if its size is too large. The procedure must be performed with a sterile needle; the puncture site is also treated with alcohol or peroxide. After squeezing out the liquid, apply antibacterial ointment to the wound. Healing occurs within a week. How to remove a callus between your toes, read the link http://uzdorovie.ru/mozol-mezhdu-paltsami-nog.html
But how to remove a callus on the little toe if it is hard, dry or even ingrown? Treatment in this case requires a radically different approach.
A hard callus on the little toe does not form immediately. It is necessary to ignore the damaged fingers for quite a long time and wait until the epidermis becomes keratinized and thickens. A hard and large callus on the little toe is “conquered” by more than one day of persistently ignoring the signs of friction and pressure. And measures to treat such skin damage are not always pleasant and painless.
The simplest and most popular remedy for solving this problem is a special patch, which can be purchased at any pharmacy. Before applying the patch, your feet must be steamed. On a well-steamed callus, the patch is applied to the soaked area strictly on the keratinized area. Salicylic acid in the patch is a fairly aggressive component. It can injure innocent healthy skin. The hard callus on the little toe should soften and go away within a few days. For greater effect, the keratinized area can be rubbed with a pumice stone after wearing the adhesive plaster. A variety of creams and ointments have a similar effect, which are also applied to a strictly limited area for 1-3 days, repeating the procedure until the hardening completely softens.
In the treatment of simple dry keratinization, various baths have proven themselves to be effective: soap and soda, salt, with the addition of essential oils, with infusion of medicinal herbs and others. After each procedure, the surface is polished mechanically. A variety of folk recipes will help you remove a callus on your little toe:
How to treat a callus on the little toe - a pharmaceutical product or a natural one - is a purely individual matter. But if the above methods do not help to cope with the problem, most likely the keratinization process has affected the deeper layers of the skin. Internal callus on the little toe is a rather dangerous disease, the treatment of which has many nuances.
An ingrown callus on the little toe is a neoplasm in the form of keratinization of the skin with a core that extends into the inner layers of the skin. It is difficult to determine with an inexperienced eye how deep the root of the callus has penetrated. However, severe, unremitting pain indicates a risk of damage to nerve endings and the onset of the inflammatory process. It is recommended to remove such ingrown calluses on the little toes in a doctor's office. Only a professional can completely destroy the rod and prevent infection. Even a small remnant of the root grows again over time, and the problem remains unresolved.
The callus on the little toe is removed in one visit if you use the cryodestruction procedure. Liquid nitrogen acts on damaged tissue and destroys it almost instantly. These manipulations are completely painless. Laser removal is another innovative technology that will solve the problem in one session. It is worth noting that both procedures are expensive, but their effectiveness is undeniable.
You can try to remove an ingrown callus using callus fluid yourself. The product is quite aggressive and can easily cope with shallow calluses.
Many people wonder how to treat a dry callus on the little toe simply and quickly. Unfortunately, today there is no such method. And it is unlikely that such a solution will appear in the future. If it is not possible to use expensive removal procedures, you will have to prepare for long and labor-intensive treatment. That is why the prevention of calluses should be given the main attention when caring for your feet. The rules for preventing wet and dry formations on the legs are extremely simple:
A callus is no small thing, and anyone who has suffered as a result of careless treatment of their body knows this. Taking care of yourself always and everywhere is a sign of good manners and a guarantee of good health.