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Ingrown toenail pain

07 Aug 18

Ingrown nail. Causes. Correction methods

Ingrown toenail: from acute pain to slight gait

“It would seem that only the big toe should suffer from an ingrown toenail. But it was not there. The whole foot of a person hurts. And it doesn’t just hurt, but the pain is exhausting and does not allow you to think about anything else, does not allow you to be distracted and forgotten for a minute” [1].

“Why does an ingrown toenail cause such suffering? The fact is that there are many sensitive nerve endings in the tissues of the fingertips. Therefore, an ingrown toenail, especially when walking in tight shoes, makes itself felt by excruciating pain, sometimes causing a person to limp. Growing into the surrounding soft tissues, the lateral edges of the nail plate irritate and damage them until ulcers form.

How severe the pain is depends on the degree of inflammation . Most often, the nail grows from the outside, where it experiences pressure from tight shoes. Initially, pain appears along the edge of the nail. Redness and swelling of the soft tissues occurs in this area. When pressing on the site of inflammation with a finger or wearing shoes, pain occurs. Over time, it becomes constant and interferes with normal walking.

suppuration may also occur . Due to the proximity of the bone of the phalanx of the finger, there is a risk of developing inflammation of the periosteum of the phalanx - periostitis, and even inflammation of the bone itself - osteomyelitis" [1].

Course for pedicurists

"Orthonyxia". Correction of ingrown toenails using plates: BS – Classic, BS-Quick, Onyclip. — Practice course 2 days.

Etiology of ingrown toenail

“Currently, there is no single point of view on the causes of ingrown toenails . There is an opinion that ingrown toenails are a hereditary disease and can be passed on from generation to generation among members of the same family.

According to most authors studying this problem, the main cause of this disease is the anatomical disproportion between the growing nail plate and the nail bed. At the same time, it is obvious that anatomical discrepancy and this disproportion, in turn, can be a consequence of the influence of a variety of factors. These factors include:

  • impaired blood flow in the first toe,
  • edematous syndrome with an increase in the volume of soft tissues of the finger,
  • hyperhidrosis of the feet, which contributes to maceration of the stratum corneum of the skin of the nail folds,
  • an innate tendency to narrow the nail bed and excessive mobility of the nail folds themselves.
  • It is possible that infection of the nail sinus , which can support the inflammatory process in the area of ​​the nail fold, promoting its swelling and infiltration.

    factors to the development of ingrown toenails:

  • flat feet,
  • arthrosis of the metatarsophalangeal joint and hallux valgus,
  • osteoporosis of the terminal phalanx of the first toe, although, as practice shows, a significant proportion of patients do not have these diseases.
  • pressure from tight or uncomfortable shoes with the effect of chronic compression and impaired blood and lymph circulation,
  • improper cutting of the nail - cutting the free edge of the nail too deep,
  • prolonged exercise (walking or standing) with congestion in the feet,
  • infection and onychomycosis,
  • chills or frostbite of the feet,
  • microtraumatization of the nail matrix or soft tissues.
  • Thus, according to most authors, an ingrown toenail should be considered a disease with many causative factors , however, it should be noted that almost all patients with this pathology are characterized by the presence of an infected sinus between the edge of the nail plate and the skin of the nail fold . The presence of such a sinus in the form of a narrow slit, especially as its depth increases, probably makes it difficult to carry out adequate hygienic measures for the patients themselves and to perform effective sanitizing procedures in these nail sinuses for medical personnel. All this, along with the above factors, can be the basis for the development of inflammation with an ingrown toenail.

    Clinical picture and diagnosis

    An ingrown toenail is characterized by complaints of pain in the area of ​​the 1st toe , especially when walking, which makes it difficult or impossible to use usual shoes. Local manifestations are characterized by hyperemia and swelling of the nail fold on the affected side. Most often, the lateral edge of the nail , but a number of patients have bilateral lesions - the medial and lateral edges of the nail .

    The most common complication of an ingrown nail is the presence of purulent inflammation in the area of ​​the nail folds in the form of paronychia, the presence of pyogenic granulomas and maceration of the skin of the finger.

    Differential diagnosis for ingrown toenails

    The diagnosis of an ingrown toenail is usually not difficult to establish, but in some cases it is necessary to differentiate an ingrown toenail from certain diseases of the nail, nail bed, nail folds and the terminal phalanx of the toe, which are probably less common.

    1. Pyogenic granuloma of the nail bed. When localized under the edge of the nail and on the nail fold, it initially looks like an inflammatory small nodule, which gradually increases to the size of a pea or nut. The surface is reddish, smooth, sometimes bleeds or becomes covered with serous-purulent plaque or dries out in the form of a crust.

    2. Pyococcal and candidomycotic paronychia . On the first toe, pyococcal paronychia is usually a complication of an ingrown toenail. Characterized by a rapid onset with the development of severe inflammatory phenomena of the soft tissues of the nail fold.

    3. Subungual exostosis is a benign tumor-like growth of normal bone tissue of the terminal phalanx of the finger, which is not classified as a true tumor. The cause is not always known, but in some cases patients indicate a finger injury. It is predominantly localized under the inner edge of the nail phalanx of the toe or at the free edge of the nail, but sometimes it is detected at the lateral edge of the nail. Initially, a hard small formation appears under the nail, which gradually increases in size and causes pain when walking, and then the pain becomes permanent.

    4. Subungual and periungual fibroma is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm of soft or dense elastic consistency that occurs on both the toes and fingers. They can be of different sizes and shapes, painless, most often localized on the nail folds, but can spread to the nail bed. The gradually increasing pressure of fibroma on the nail or on the eponychium can lead to dystrophic disorders of the nail plate, including its destruction.

    5. Subungual and periungual chondroma is a benign tumor of hyaline and, less commonly, fibrous cartilaginous tissue, formed from the rudiments of cartilage in the bone. More often it develops from the bone of the terminal phalanx of the toes and hands. It looks like a solitary tumor of varying sizes (up to 2 cm), very dense and even hard. But at the beginning of the disease, it is a small hard formation at the free edge of the nail, which, gradually increasing in size, lifts the nail plate (onycholysis), and in some cases leads to its deformation and destruction.

    6. Dermoid cyst of the nail bed is a tissue malformation with the formation of a cavity lined with epithelium. It is localized in various parts of the body, but can appear in the dermis of the nail bed on the toes. The cyst cavity may contain keratinized scales and hair. As the cyst grows and its size increases, deformation of the nail plate may occur.

    7. Glomus subungual tumors (Barre-Masson disease) is a benign vascular tumor that forms in the area of ​​arteriovenous anastomoses (glomus). They are vascular glomeruli with a capsule of connective tissue and nervous tissue, ranging in size from 5 to 10 mm. When a glomus tumor is localized on the nail bed, it takes on the appearance of a bluish spot, usually at the proximal edge or in the center of the nail. Characterized by severe pain, slow development and benign course.

    8. Malignant tumors of the nail bed and nail folds . Sarcoma and melanoma of the nail bed are rare diseases, but in some cases they can simulate paronychia, pyogenic granuloma and ingrown nails” [2].

    Courses for pedicurists

    “Correction of the shape of nails using Fraser spring staples” - Course 1 day.

    What to do when your toenail hurts

    What to do when your toenail hurts? Many people have faced a similar situation. We will talk to you about the causes of such pain. Nails are protective formations on the fingers that are designed to protect the fingers from various mechanical damage. These plates, despite the strength intended for them by nature, are susceptible to many diseases. Let's try to identify some of the causes of pain in the nail plate.

    Consequences of nail pain

    From an anatomical point of view, the legs are considered the most vulnerable place of a person. Pain in the nail is often accompanied by bleeding and inflammation of soft tissues. Pain increases when walking, especially in a situation where the shoes are narrow and uncomfortable. Tissue damage can lead to purulent discharge and swelling.

    The nail most often grows on the big toe, and this disorder is accompanied by very severe pain. The swollen and reddened skin surrounding an ingrown toenail is easily susceptible to infection. Ingrown toenails are especially dangerous for people with arthritis, diabetes and poor circulation in the lower extremities. In this case, the absence of treatment is fraught with gangrene.

    Since the nails perform a protective function, they take on the full force of the load during mechanical impact on the toes. Often, prolonged pain is caused by a pinched phalanx or a torn nail. Once damaged, the nail may darken and later break off. Complete replacement of the plate occurs only after a few months.

    If, due to the type of work a person does, he spends a long time on his feet, his toenails are at risk of becoming loose. Wearing shoes that are larger than necessary especially affects loosening. Sliding when walking, the foot slips, as a result of which the tips of the nail plate are damaged. This creates pain. If your toenail hurts , the problem may be caused by a heavy object falling on your foot. With a minor injury, the pain goes away on its own after a few days. If the bruise affects more than a third of the nail plate, only a specialist can provide the necessary assistance.

    Onychocryptosis - ingrown nails - is the most common situation. It is characterized by ingrowth of the nail plate into the lateral edge of the nail fold.

    The toenail may also hurt after an improperly done pedicure or when wearing tight shoes. In addition, the causes of pain can be flat feet, nail fungus, orthopedic pathology of the feet, or congenital predisposition.

    One of the signs of arthritis is periodic pain that occurs at night. At the same time, with a specific type of such disease, the pain is concentrated in one finger. This allows us to analyze the nature of the disease. For example, pain in the thumb indicates the presence of reactive or psoriatic arthritis.

    Pay attention to toenail pain in a timely manner, identify the causes, and, if necessary, consult a doctor.

    How to treat an ingrown toenail: effective techniques

    Some people are very familiar with the problem of ingrown toenails, while others are not even aware of this disease. In medicine, this disease is called onychocryptosis. And this disease is most likely to occur in people who are most prone to it due to heredity, namely, the peculiarities of the shape of the nails, the structure of the nail folds and the formation of the nail plate.

    The main place where this disease occurs is the big toes. But this disease also occurs on other fingers, although it is rare. Ingrown nails into the skin occur in both men and women, as well as children.

    The most likely causes of the disease are the following:

    • nail injuries with damage to the root base;
    • tight shoes, especially with narrow toes;
    • violations in the technique of cutting nails;
    • genetic abnormalities of nail growth;
    • fungal and other nail diseases.
    • Most often, an ingrown toenail occurs on a square or rectangular nail shape. A strongly protruding transverse arch only aggravates the problem. Thus, improperly trimmed nails create sharp edges that cut into the tissue of the nail folds and, as they grow, go deeper into the skin.

      How to best treat an ingrown toenail largely depends on the stage of the disease. After all, as you know, any disease is easier to cure if it is diagnosed as early as possible.

      An ingrown toenail creates many problems for its owners. Not only is this a painful process, but there is also the possibility of surgery to correct the problem. Therefore, it is very important to get rid of this disease as quickly as possible.

      How to cure an ingrown toenail?

      Treatment of a nail that has grown into the skin comes down to removing the edge of the nail plate from the skin tissue or preventing ingrowth if a person is predisposed to this disease.

      The inflammatory process in the finger is treated with medications.

    • At the initial stage of development of onychocryptosis, diagnosis is difficult. This is due to the fact that a person perceives discomfort in the area of ​​the nail fold of the big toe as an injury from wearing shoes. But, if this moment is missed, then the disease progresses to the next stage, in which the nail fold becomes inflamed.
    • At the second stage of development of the disease, the pain intensifies, the skin of the finger at the site of ingrowth of the edge of the nail becomes red and swollen. If measures are taken in time, it is possible to stop the development of the disease. Until purulent contents appear, you can cope with an ingrown toenail without the help of medications.
    • Redness and slight pain in the finger do not always cause a person to react correctly to the situation. There are quite a few people who prefer to endure discomfort but not treat, expecting everything to go away. However, in a situation with an ingrown nail, the disease does not go away on its own, but only gets worse over time.
    • If the infection gets into the injured area of ​​​​the finger, then a purulent-inflammatory process begins, which can lead to serious complications. At this stage, the pain intensifies and wearing shoes becomes difficult. The entire phalanx becomes inflamed, and in some cases the entire finger.
    • The last stage is characterized by the growth of skin around the ingrown nail. Skin tissue grows on the nail, making conservative treatment impossible. In this case, surgery is indicated.
    • Treatment for an ingrown toenail includes different methods:

      Home treatment without visiting a doctor is possible only at the initial stage of onychocryptosis. At the first signs of illness, you should try to pull out the edge of the nail and cut it off. In order not to damage the skin of your feet, you need to steam three times a day for 10-15 minutes. After the skin becomes soft, the nail comes out easily and is removed. If you can’t solve the problem yourself or the situation gets worse, then you need the help of a specialist.

      Conservative treatment consists of the following:

    • removing the edge of the nail from the nail fold;
    • blocking the inflammatory process;
    • the use of special fixatives for proper nail growth.
    • To relieve the inflammatory process, the doctor performs a tamponade procedure. A cloth soaked in antiseptic liquid is placed under the edge of the nail. Tamponade is done periodically until the inflammation goes away. In addition, if the nail is not deeply ingrown, then the fabric is used as a retainer so that the nail grows correctly. Other fixatives for proper nail growth are special splints, plates, tubes and resins.

      Surgery is prescribed to the patient in cases where there is a purulent-inflammatory process in the finger or conservative treatment does not help. The abscess is opened and drained. Part of the ingrown nail is removed. Depending on the degree of ingrowth of the nail plate, the volume of its removal also depends. So, with a small ingrowth, only a small area of ​​the nail is affected, and with a strong one, not only the ingrown plate, but also part of the matrix is ​​removed. In some cases, the nail is completely removed. And in case of repeated relapses, phenolization (destruction) of the matrix is ​​performed.

      Laser nail removal is a more effective and painless procedure. Unlike a scalpel, a laser is more precise and the operated tissues heal faster. Laser therapy practically does not cause relapses. Which is very important for people who, due to their professional background, constantly experience stress on their feet. The laser removes part of the ingrown nail and matrix. At the same time, it effectively affects the inflammatory process, killing all possible pathogens.

      Radio wave therapy, like laser, virtually eliminates relapses. It can be performed at any stage of onychocryptosis and has no contraindications. The operation is performed under local anesthesia. Highly sensitive waves do not damage adjacent tissues, do not affect the sensitivity of receptors and do not cause unpleasant sensations. The inflammatory process is completely blocked, and wounds after surgery heal easily and quickly.

      Removing an ingrown toenail at home

      You can treat an ingrown toenail at home before an acute purulent process appears. The procedures themselves consist of relieving inflammation with the help of antiseptics (furacilin, ethyl alcohol), anti-inflammatory medications (Vishnevsky ointment, ichthyol ointment), softening the skin with foot baths and removing a nail that has grown into the skin.

      The basic rules for treating an ingrown toenail at home are as follows:

    • Before each procedure, make a foot bath using soda, salt, tar or laundry soap, and a solution of potassium permanganate. Add any of the components to warm water and soak your feet in it for 10-15 minutes.
    • After your feet have been steamed using manicure tools, clean off the keratinized tissue and lift the edges of the nail. If the nail does not give in, then try again after the next bath. When the nail can be pulled back, treat it with an antiseptic and place a small piece of sterile bandage soaked in a solution of penicillin, furatsilin or use anti-inflammatory ointments between it and the skin. Bandage your finger or apply a bandage.
    • The procedures should be carried out at least 2 times a day, changing the turunda and bandage each time. Usually one or two weeks is enough.
    • During procedures, it is recommended to wear loose, low-heeled shoes.
    • To quickly heal the inflamed tissue and soften the nail plate, followed by removal of the ingrown toenail, you can apply compresses at night:

      1. Lemon and vegetable oil will soften the nail well. To do this, lemon zest is crushed, mixed with vegetable oil, applied to the sore spot using a tampon and secured with a gauze bandage.
      2. Onions and honey help well when the purulent process has already begun. To do this, chop the onion, mix it with honey, wrap it in a small piece of gauze and apply it to the ingrown nail. The finger is bandaged.
      3. Pumpkin pulp, previously steamed in boiling water, is good for softening the nails and nail folds. It is used if there is no suppuration. The compress is applied at night, similar to the previous methods.
      4. The pulp from an aloe leaf is perfect for relieving inflammation. This compress also helps soften the tissue around the nail.
      5. An ointment containing several components will make the treatment more effective. Chop garlic, onion, aloe, add honey and butter. Mix all ingredients, place in a water bath for two minutes and use as a compress at night.

      To prevent ointments and compress ingredients from spreading, you should wrap your finger in film before bandaging.

      How to trim an ingrown toenail at home?

      After the procedures make the nail and the skin around it soft, you can begin removing the ingrown nail. For this you will need manicure tools. Scissors and nippers must be well disinfected by boiling or treating with alcohol solutions. In order not to injure the skin when pulling out the nail, it is better to use disposable manicure sticks made of wood.

      Before the removal procedure, carry out standard steaming of the legs and treatment of the finger with an antiseptic. Use a stick to gently pick up the edge of the nail, pulling it out of the skin. Cut off the sharp edge, and again place the cloth with the medicinal agent between the nail and the roller and secure it with a bandage.

      Before the next trimming, file the edges of the cut nail, and after steaming, pull out the area of ​​the ingrown nail again and remove it with clippers or nail scissors.

      To effectively remove an ingrown toenail, repeat the procedure once every two or three days until it is completely removed from the skin and the nail fold is healed.

      If the problem of ingrown toenails bothers you periodically, then you should take preventive measures. It consists of the following:

    • Trim your nails correctly, not rounding them too much, but also not leaving sharp corners (especially for square-shaped nails).
    • To avoid nail fungus, follow the rules of personal hygiene in public areas.
    • Carefully select shoes to suit the anatomy of the foot, avoiding too high heels and pointed toes.
    • Make regular foot baths and monitor the condition of the nail folds so that they do not become rough and do not grow on the nail.
    • Ingrown toenail: treatment, symptoms, prevention

      This problem is most common on the big toes, which causes pain, discomfort and quite often becomes a consequence of purulent tissue inflammation. If you do not treat a diseased nail, you will subsequently have to resort to very serious therapeutic decisions, including amputation of the finger. An ingrown toenail is a painful process that occurs when the corner of the toenail cuts into the skin. In this case, you should be wary of infectious complications.

      Patients most often seek medical help after some time, at the moment when the disease begins to progress or is already in an advanced stage, namely when the wound has become inflamed , reddened and festered. The reason for not seeing a doctor in a timely manner is that it is impossible to immediately determine this disease, since the symptoms are in no hurry to manifest themselves .

      Still, this disease should not be taken lightly. Doctors advise seeking help in a timely manner as soon as the symptoms become noticeable, as complications such as aronychia ( purulent inflammation), which occurs as a result of the spread of inflammation to the soft tissue of the posterior cushion; phlegmon; finger felon; lymphangitis (inflammation of the lymphatic vessels); the addition of a fungal or papillomavirus infection , gangrene and other malignant diseases will not keep you waiting.

      The first signs indicating the presence of this disease:

    • redness;
    • swelling;
    • pain;
    • deformation of the nail (in this case you can see how it bends and cuts into the skin);
    • small bleeding ulcer.
    • Stages of an ingrown toenail

      There are three stages of the disease:

      Stage 1 . Manifestation of redness and swelling, sensation of pain when pressing.

      Stage 2 . The appearance of infection, inflammation, and part of the grown nail plate becomes like a foreign body, from under which pus can be released.

      Stage 3 . Formation of granulation tissue; the transition of inflammation to the chronic stage, which is fixed on the skin for a long time.

      How to cure the disorder

      This disease incapacitates a person for a long time, so it is not entirely correct to consider the treatment of an ingrown toenail quick and painless.

      This disease is fought in several ways: surgery, medication, folk and other means.

      Let's look at several ways to treat an ingrown toenail. As you know, the disease is considered most common on the big toes.

      If we talk about treating an ingrown toenail without surgery, then in this case special hypoallergenic corrective devices are used, which, with constant interaction with the nail plate, help straighten the deformed part.

      Such devices include:

      These devices are attached to the deformed nail and lift it, while the pressure on it decreases, and pain and inflammation disappear over time. This treatment method corrects nail growth, and the feet do not require special care.

      Drug treatment

      This treatment is applied by applying special ointments and preparations to the wound to soften and eliminate the inflammatory process. This method is used during the first and second stages of the disease and reduces the risk of severe complications.

      Noctinorm is a kind of balm that, when applied to a wound, softens the damaged part, reduces pain and relieves inflammation during the treatment period. It is necessary to steam your feet well before applying it. Do at least two procedures a day.

      As for uroderma , its active ingredient is urea, which softens the tissue, which makes it much easier to trim the ingrown part. The cream is applied to a dry wound with a special spatula, then socks are put on the feet for 1-2 hours. The treatment period is 3 days, the procedure is repeated twice a day.

      Vishnevsky ointment is applicable in case of infection. This remedy is applied to the painful area by applying a bandage overnight. The period of use of this ointment should be extended until the nail comes out from under the roller.

      Ichthyol ointment destroys bacteria, eliminates pain, swelling with redness, inflammation; promotes softening. A bandage with the medicine is also applied at night. The product is quite effective, as a rule, the next morning you can please yourself with the result.

      If the nail on the big toe grows and at the same time part of the skin thickens, i.e. Since ingrowth occurs quite easily, the surgeon can get away with removing part of the painful nail plate. With this surgical intervention, the risk of inflammation of the soft tissues of the foot is reduced. Several months after this treatment, the plate is restored.

      In case of purulent discharge, as well as severe deformation of the nail, its complete removal is done. The wound is cleaned of pus and an anti-inflammatory and analgesic medicine is applied to it. The doctor changes the bandage every day for about a month. This operation is mainly associated with damage to the growth zone of the nail.

      Surgical intervention is used only if conservative methods are unsuccessful.

      The laser method is the most popular, less traumatic and most effective. This method of treating an ingrown toenail involves removing it, as well as the edges of its growth part. At the same time, foci of inflammation are neutralized. Treatment using laser technology is characterized by a significant reduction in re-ingrowth. This technique is also used against the background of fungal infection. However, there are also disadvantages:

    • slow healing;
    • burns of surrounding tissues;
    • painful and long recovery period.

    Treatment at home

    Treatment of ingrown toenails at home is used at the initial stage of the disease and prevents possible complications. Traditional medicine is widely used here. However, you should treat them with caution, as many of them can cause an allergic reaction. Therefore, the best option for treatment with folk remedies at home is only after consulting a dermatologist.

    One leaf of this plant is enough to get rid of redness and pain. It is necessary to crush the aloe leaf and add 30 drops of cooled boiled water to it, then mix everything until smooth, moisten the bandage, apply a wet compress, cling film on top of it and bandage the sore finger. Do this procedure at night, and cut out the ingrown toenail in the morning.

    For this procedure you will need regular table salt. You can add 2 drops of iodine. A bandage of this composition softens the skin and makes the nail plate soft. Salt helps eliminate inflammatory processes.

    This remedy kills germs and is excellent in healing purulent wounds. For 1 liter of warm water you need 1 tablet of furatsilin. Thanks to such baths, the pus will come out, so you need to apply a wet bandage to your finger several times a day.

    Filing the nail in the middle.

    This method is a kind of “deception” of an ingrown nail. Using a nail file, you need to thin the nail along the midline. This will quickly reduce the pressure on the soft tissues on the sides and cause the nail to thicken in the center rather than on the sides, which will make cutting it off less painful.

    Lotions made from this oil relieve inflammation. It is necessary to bandage a compress soaked in oil to the painful area overnight, and after 3-4 days cut off the nail, lifting it at the wound site using gauze with fir oil placed under it.

    It is necessary to prepare a composition of honey (1 spoon) and chopped onion, then spread it on a gauze cloth and add it to a bath of soda solution. Then apply the prepared compress, wrap it with film and put on a sock. Do this procedure at night, and in the morning remove and trim the ingrown part of the nail.

    In order not to resort to treatment for ingrown toenails and in the future to avoid operations and various methods of treatment associated with ingrown toenails into the skin, you must follow the following rules:

  • Perform a pedicure correctly (cut the nail in a straight line), because... Improper circumcision is one of the main causes of the disease.
  • Wear comfortable shoes with low heels and narrow toes.
  • Maintain hygiene and prevent the development of fungal infections.
  • Do not injure your feet, especially when playing sports.
  • Doing a pedicure right

    This important procedure should begin with hygienic preparation. The necessary tools should be treated with an antiseptic solution, and your feet should be washed with soap. Pedicure is not done on dry nails, so immediately after washing your feet, we begin the process. You need to use nail scissors with a straight nose. The pedicure technique does not involve cutting the sides of the nail, rounding it; You need to cut your hair evenly and not short. It is enough to file off the sharp corners a little with a nail file; the cuticle should not be cut off too much, it is better to move it back a little after steaming.

    Ingrown toenail: treatment and prevention of onychocryptosis

    An ingrown toenail is medically classified as onychocryptosis and refers to the ingrowth of the nail plate into the lateral edge of the nail fold. Most often this occurs on the big toes.

    Patients with a similar problem seek medical help at a time when the site of the ingrown nail is already inflamed, red, and in some cases festered. And this happens because it is impossible to immediately determine an ingrown nail - the symptoms appear with some “delay.”

    Causes of onychoprictosis

    Doctors will not be able to name one specific cause of ingrown nails, but they have identified some factors that can provoke this process.

    External causes of ingrown toenails:

  • Pedicure carried out with violations . This factor “works” in 95% of cases of the problem under consideration, and the main mistakes when performing a pedicure are cutting off the corner of the nail, cleaning the free part of the nail plate with nail scissors, leaving hangnails and a sharp edge. To avoid mistakes, you need to remember two main rules of pedicure - there should not be a rounded edge of the nail after the pedicure and you should not cut your nails too short.
  • Incorrectly selected shoes . We are talking about shoes with narrow toes that are not the right size. There is simply constant physical pressure on the nail plate, which provokes a change in the direction of nail growth.
  • Please note: many doctors claim that excessive stress on the lower extremities can lead to ingrown nails, but this theory has never received official confirmation.

    Diseases that can lead to ingrown toenails:

  • Flat feet, hallux valgus - deformation of the entire foot and in particular the toes occurs, the second begins to put pressure on the big toe, the nail does not grow in the usual direction;
  • fungal infections of the nail plates – diseases of fungal etiology lead to deformation and separation of the nail plate;
  • injury to a toe or frostbite;
  • endocrine diseases - diabetes, obesity and some cardiovascular pathologies. All these diseases lead to malnutrition of the nail;
  • completed therapy in relation to cancer - radiation therapy, chemotherapy drugs negatively affect the ability of tissues to regenerate;
  • some skin diseases that contribute to nail deformation - lichen, warts, psoriasis.
  • Symptoms of an ingrown toenail

    In order to notice the problem in time and begin to solve it, you need to know the symptoms that will indicate an ingrown nail. The main and pronounced symptoms of an ingrown toenail include:

  • Pain appears in the area of ​​the nail fold, on the side of the problem area of ​​the nail plate. At first it is insignificant, but then it begins to intensify, especially when walking and wearing shoes.
  • In the place where the nail began to grow, a small ulcer appears - this is due to injury to the skin by the nail.
  • The roller swells, takes on a red tint, and throbbing pain appears - this means that an infection has set in and pus forms at the site of the ingrown nail.
  • On the side of the ingrown toenail, the tissue of the nail fold grows, it becomes granulating, and has the color of raw meat.
  • Please note: if the process is started, continues for a long time and no medical assistance is provided, then irreversible changes in the nail occur, its deformation, thickening and shortening, and the soft tissues become rough.

    Treatment of ingrown toenails with conservative methods

    Please note that treating an ingrown toenail with conservative methods will be effective only in the initial stage of development, so you should not delay visiting a doctor - it will be easier to get rid of the problem. The following methods of conservative treatment of ingrown toenails can be used at home:

  • Baths with potassium permanganate, baking soda or sea salt . They need to be carried out 2-4 times a day, the water should be hot, but not scalding, every day you need to alternate solutions - today a bath with potassium permanganate, tomorrow with sea salt, and so on. Under the influence of hot water, the skin at the site of the ingrown nail softens, it can be carefully pushed back (do not cut it off under any circumstances!) and the nail can be removed. After the procedure, the site where the nail is cut should be treated with iodine.
  • Bandage soaked in Chlorhexidine . You need to make a loose gauze napkin from a bandage, moisten it with Chlorhexidine and insert it between the nail and the roller, leave until completely dry, and then apply the medicine to the napkin again. Every day you need to gradually advance the gauze pad, thereby gradually freeing more and more of the nail plate. As soon as possible, the nail is simply trimmed. If you carry out this procedure regularly, the treatment will be very effective.
  • Compress . You need to take 10 ml of dimexide and dilute with 20 ml of water, add 1 ampoule of analgin and 1 ml of dexamethasone to the resulting composition. Wet a gauze cloth with the resulting mixture, apply it to the problem area, put polyethylene on top and bandage the finger. Such compresses should be done at night, for 3-4 days in a row. If after this time there is no result, then you need to seek help from a surgeon.
  • Some people recommend making a vertical groove using a manicure file on the problem nail. Over time, this groove will tighten, lifting/pulling the ingrown corners.

    Please note: very often you can come across advice for throbbing pain and a pronounced inflammatory process at the site of an ingrown nail to lower your finger into very hot water for 10 seconds, and do such lowerings 20-30 times in a row. You should not perform this manipulation - firstly, the symptoms indicate the development of a purulent inflammatory process, secondly, you can get burned (additional problems), thirdly, an ingrown toenail will not cease to be such.

    In order for the treatment of the problem under consideration to be successful and not take much time, you need to follow some rules during therapy:

  • shoes should be worn loose;
  • Perform regular foot hygiene;
  • socks need to be changed at least 2 times a day;
  • Nails need to be trimmed correctly.
  • Drug therapy for ingrown toenails

    If home remedies do not help, then when visiting a doctor, each patient with an ingrown toenail will receive medication. Let us list the most common and effective medications to solve the problem under consideration.

    The drug is available in the form of a balm, which softens the nail plate, reduces the intensity of pain, and relieves the inflammatory process.

    How to use: steam your feet until the corners of the nail appear from under the nail folds. Then this balm is applied to both the roller and the nail plate; 2 procedures should be performed per day.

    The main active ingredient of this product is urea - it softens the tissues and the nail itself, which makes cutting the problem nail much easier.

    How to use: apply Uroderm cream to a completely dry nail, and use a special spatula to “tuck” the product into the space between the nail plate and the roller. After treatment with the product, put socks on your feet and leave them there for 1-2 hours. You need to use Uroderm for 3 days in a row (2 procedures per day) and then you can trim the ingrown toenail.

    If the problem of an ingrown nail is accompanied by an infection, then it would be advisable to use Vishnevsky ointment.

    How to use: apply this product to the problem area under a bandage; it is better to do this “compress” overnight. As soon as the nail comes out from under the roller (this can happen after the first procedure), it needs to be trimmed.

    Probably the most popular remedy for solving the problem of ingrown toenails. Ichthyol ointment destroys bacteria, relieves pain, inflammation and swelling with redness, and softens the nail plate.

    How to use: a bandage (closed) with the given medicine is applied overnight. As a rule, in the morning you can trim the ingrown toenail.

    Separately, it is worth mentioning brackets and special plates - they work on the principle of dental braces and even resemble them in appearance. Staples and plates are designed to lift the edges of the ingrown nail and free it from under the roller. Such devices are installed on the nail plate only by a doctor; they can be worn around the clock because they do not cause any discomfort even when wearing shoes.

    Surgical treatment of ingrown toenail

    If the problem in question is in an advanced state, the doctor may prescribe surgical treatment. This is done in three ways:

  • Removing an ingrown toenail. The operation is performed under local anesthesia; most often, the doctor removes the entire nail plate. The problem is that after the new nail grows (this takes about 3 months), a relapse may develop. Doctors try to prevent this - they remove part of the roller so that the nail plate does not come into contact with it in the future.
  • Cauterization with laser . If the nail is ingrown at the cuticle level, then the problem can be solved using a laser - this is the most modern technique that ensures getting rid of the ingrown nail and minimizing the possibility of relapse.
  • Radio wave exposure . The most gentle method of treating ingrown toenails – there are no scars left and no relapses.
  • Please note: if a child’s nail has grown into the roller, you should immediately seek medical help. The fact is that in childhood the pain threshold is low, and any methods of getting rid of the problem at home can only aggravate the problem.

    Actions after surgery

    Firstly, after surgery for an ingrown nail, the nail fold takes a very long time to heal. And during the entire postoperative period, you need to beware of infection - observe the rules of foot hygiene for a month, regularly wash the nail fold with any antiseptic (for example, Chlorhexidine).

    Secondly, in the first few days after surgery, it is necessary to provide the problematic leg with complete rest - the patient must remain in bed, even if he is at home and not in a hospital.

    Thirdly, the patient must wear comfortable, wide/loose shoes throughout the entire recovery period (2-3 months - at the discretion of the attending physician).

    Possible complications

    Many people believe that an ingrown toenail is not something dangerous - it is just important to cut it out in time. In fact, doctors warn about possible complications due to the problem under consideration:

    An ingrown toenail is not only a cosmetic defect - it is a problem that must be quickly resolved, often in tandem with doctors. Otherwise, this condition can lead to serious consequences.

    Tsygankova Yana Aleksandrovna, medical observer, therapist of the highest qualification category

    5,852 total views, 11 views today

    Ingrown toenail

    Prevention and treatment of ingrown toenails

    Ingrowth of the edge of the nail into the soft tissue of the lateral ridge causes pain and often leads to inflammation. Most often, the nail grows in the middle of the toenail or towards the free edge. Ingrown nails can be congenital. But most often this is the result of inattention to one’s health.

    Causes of ingrown toenails:

  • narrow shoes, shoes that are too low, shoes that are too small
  • improper cutting of nail edges (length and width)
  • excessive load on the fingers - with deformation of the feet, curvature of the fingers, etc.
  • Ingrown nails can occur in a chronic form, and can be accompanied by quite severe inflammation. Correcting the problem of an ingrown toenail accompanied by inflammation is extremely difficult, since inflammation prevents any professional manipulations, and sometimes they are strictly contraindicated until the inflammation disappears. The inflammation does not go away, since the cause of its formation - the sharp edge of the nail - remains in place in the soft tissues. Minimal harm from an ingrown toenail is discomfort in shoes and pain in dress or tight shoes. In the worst case, if dirt gets into the wound, the result can be purulent inflammation. Therefore, it is recommended to correct the problem of ingrown nails before the formation of inflammatory reactions. Then, with the help of corrective procedures and pain-relieving drugs, you can do without the intervention of a doctor.

    To solve chronic problems:

  • refuse shoes that put pressure on the painful area - low-toed, narrowed, inappropriate in size (both smaller and larger)
  • in case of chronic ingrown toenails, carefully choose shoes that fit the size and give preference to soft options for shoe toe materials
  • daily (up to 2 times a day) apply special products to soften its hardness on the nail itself and the ingrown area of ​​the nail
  • try to correct the ingrowth problem without the intervention of a surgeon - using protectors or corrective staples. You can find out about choosing the optimal option (there are many options for braces) from your pedicurist.
  • if there is inflammation (redness of the ingrowth area, purulent discharge, etc.), consult a surgeon
  • To treat ingrown toenails, the following correction methods are available:

  • BS plate
  • Fraser bracket
  • golden plate
  • sweets Podofix
  • Gorkievich bracket
  • Ingrown toenail - correction by installing a Fraser staple

    Ingrown toenail: what to do about it?

    An ingrown nail or onychoprictosis (in medical terminology) is a disease when the right or left side part of the nail plate (sometimes both at once) begins to grow into the skin of the side ridges. More often than not, only the big toes suffer from this diagnosis. If this problem is not dealt with immediately, a severe inflammatory process in the finger and even suppuration may begin.

    As a result, there is a risk of being left without a nail or part of it; it is less often necessary to amputate the extreme phalanx or the entire finger, but this is in the most advanced situations and is performed extremely rarely. Increasingly, pregnant women in the later stages of pregnancy have begun to suffer from this disease; some patients experience ingrown toenails on all 10 toes at once.

    The initial stage of the disease is very difficult to diagnose, since apart from redness the patient may not feel anything else. But if you press on the edge of the nail from the ingrown side, you can feel severe pain. Most often, discomfort occurs when walking, as shoes put pressure on the toes when walking. Further, due to the constant cutting of the sharp tip of the nail into the side ridge, an inflammatory process develops, which can later become more complicated and cause suppuration in this area.

    Further, the finger becomes more and more swollen, the nail plate thickens, and blood or ichor may begin to protrude from under it. The soft side ridges around the nail grow higher and higher and take on the shape of “wild meat”.

    What can cause ingrown toenails:

  • Genetics . If someone in the family had similar deviations, then it is possible that this problem will not pass you by. This pattern of predisposition to orthopedic pathology occurs quite often.
  • Tight shoes . The compression of the toes in shoes causes the nails to constantly touch the soft tissues, over time, irritation begins, and even further - inflammation, and as a result - an ingrown toenail. The disease is especially common among lovers of high heels. In this case, the entire load falls on the toes, which are already too pinched by the front of the shoes.
  • Fungal infections . With an infectious lesion, the structure of the nail is destroyed, the edges become uneven, peel, curl and injure the nearby soft tissue.
  • Diseases of the endocrine system . Ingrown nails can also occur due to poor blood circulation.
  • Incorrect pedicure at home . When trimming toenails, the free tip of the nail plate should reach almost to the end of the very pad of the toe; cutting off the sides is completely prohibited, since this is the most common factor for the appearance of an ingrown nail.
  • Flat feet and other orthopedic diseases can also lead to onychoprictosis.
  • Failure to maintain personal hygiene and wearing dirty underwear (socks) makes the skin on the legs looser and more vulnerable, and increases the level of infection with various diseases due to ingrowth.
  • Frequent injuries to the feet and big toes can also lead to this pathology.
  • Video: What to do about an ingrown toenail:

    To confirm the diagnosis, it is enough to visit the doctor once and share your feelings with him. If the cause of the disease is a fungal infection, then in most cases the nail must be completely removed.

    What to do if the problem has just begun

    If you notice that the nail has just begun to grow into the skin on the side, then you can try to fight this deviation yourself, but if after the first 3 days of treatment the result does not appear, then it’s time to go to the doctor.

    Methods of treatment at the initial stage of ingrowth.

  • Steaming . Foot baths with soda, salt or manganese are used every day before bed. And it’s even better if you have the opportunity to carry out such procedures 4 times a day. After the nail and soft tissues become softer from warm water, a small roller (the diameter of a candle wick) is placed under the nail, which lifts the ingrown edge and allows the nail to grow upward. The roller is made from a bandage and moistened in an antiseptic ointment, for example, tetracycline or any bactericidal solution (miramistin, iodine, chlorhexidine).
  • Gaskets made of polymers, cotton or plastic . They are installed between the sharp ingrown edge and the skin and gradually move down until the deformed nail plate grows completely.
  • Record . It sticks to the nail and makes it flatter, so it completely prevents ingrown nails. You can cover it with gel on top so that the nail appears completely smooth, and if desired, you can also coat it with varnish. It fits when wearing any shoes.
  • Wire construction . It is installed on the nail plate and its effect resembles dental braces.
  • Groove . Using a nail file, a groove is drawn in the center of the nail, which prevents the nail from becoming thick and at the same time changes the direction of its growth.
  • Before a more radical method of circumcision, you can try to solve the problem with a more conservative method - cutting. The nail plate of the ingrown edge is filed down approximately halfway.

    The required thickness of the cut is determined by eye - you will have to see the nail bed, and then you should stop. A cover that is too thin will gradually grow and contract towards the center, so the nail will begin to take on the correct shape. Also, such a thin cover will be much easier to trim than a hardened and keratinized layer.

    What causes of thickening of toenails exist are indicated in this article.

    You can learn more about laser removal of ingrown toenails from the contents in this article: http://soinpeau.ru/lechenie/nogtej/lazernoe-udalenie-vrosshego-nogtya.html

    But how to remove an ingrown toenail is described in detail in this article.

    • Soak your feet in a warm bath containing chlorhexidine or furatsilin to disinfect all wounds.
    • Treat the inflamed area with antiseptic ointment: Vishnevsky or Levomikol.
    • Use a disinfected wooden stick to lift the ingrown edge and file it with a nail file.
    • We make vertical slits along the edges of the nail so that the nail “wants” to grow together and thereby shrinks towards the middle, freeing the lateral soft tissues.
    • It is not recommended to immediately cut off the entire ingrown toenail, as there is a high probability of relapse. This procedure should be performed once a month.

      How to soften and level

      You can soften an ingrown toenail only with the help of warm baths, which should be taken regularly - every evening. Salt (regular or sea), soda or manganese is added to the water. There is a whole list of folk remedies that will help, even after the action of water, to further soften the nail plate and soft tissues around: honey with onions, laundry soap and lamb fat, aloe, butter, lemon zest and vegetable oil, pumpkin. You can also turn to professional cosmetic products that masters use for pedicures.

      You can even out the nail plate with an ingrown toenail at the initial stage of the disease using a solution of castor oil and sea salt. 100 ml of oil and a glass of salt are added to 3 liters of water, everything is heated, stirred and used as a foot bath. Castor oil plays a major role here; it helps change the direction of nail growth - it begins to grow upward.

      But whether it is necessary to cut the cuticle on the nails is detailed in the contents of this article.

      You may also be interested in learning about how to remove cuticles from nails; you should read the contents of this article.

      But what inexpensive cream for toenail fungus is best to choose, the information from the article will help you figure it out.

      What is the price of Tinedol ointment for nail fungus and how to use it correctly is indicated in this article.

      But what antifungal varnishes for topical treatment of nail fungus exist and which of them are the best are indicated here in the article.

      Another method of leveling is to scrape the surface of the nail in the center and sides. Next, a bandage roller soaked in an antiseptic solution or antibacterial ointment is placed under the ingrown edge. Also, the nail plate can be sawn vertically in the center or on the sides using a triangular file. The depth of the layer to be removed should be 2/3 of the total thickness of the nail. Using this method, the plate unfolds and the edges rise up, releasing the soft skin on the sides.

      The video shows signs of an ingrown toenail:

      It is much easier to deal with ingrown toenails at the initial stage of the disease than in advanced conditions. It is quite possible that you can cope with this task on your own. But we must not forget that it is still better to prevent a disease than to fight it, so you should pay more attention to the condition of your toes, monitor their cleanliness, health, and perform a pedicure correctly.

      Particular attention should be paid to your feet if you have a hereditary predisposition. In cases where you are unable to cope with the disease on your own, you should visit a doctor as soon as possible.

      Categories : Tips

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