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Arthrosis of the humerus

01 Jun 18

Humeral arthrosis

Articular cartilage wears out over time, and a dangerous pathology progresses, which in the absence of intensive care can lead to disability. Among potential diagnoses, doctors do not exclude arthrosis of the shoulder joint - symptoms and treatment are closely interrelated, and health problems begin with acute pain in the shoulder against the background of depletion of cartilage tissue. Unpleasant sensations continue to bother the patient day and night, and painkillers without determining the etiology of the pathological process provide only a temporary effect.

What is arthrosis of the shoulder joint

The disease tends to be chronic and, if left untreated, causes serious complications. To avoid such health troubles, patients at risk should carefully study the features of the clinical picture. Arthrosis of the shoulder joint is a degenerative degeneration in which not only cartilage, but also bone tissue is involved in the pathological process. Under the influence of pathogenic factors and with age, the cartilage becomes thinner and cracks, and salt penetrates into the formed cracks. Such salt deposits destroy bone tissue and deform the bone.

Symptoms of arthrosis of the shoulder joint

Shoulder arthrosis may not bother the patient for a long time, since the disease develops over many years. It all starts with an acute attack of pain, which progresses with excessive physical activity. These are the first symptoms of arthrosis of the shoulder joint, which arise unexpectedly, but later become the norm of everyday life. With each new attack, the patient’s movements are more and more limited, any action causes pain and a feeling of internal discomfort. Other symptoms of a characteristic illness are presented below:

  • limited joint mobility;
  • a characteristic crunch when the focus of pathology moves;
  • pain accompanied by severe symptoms of inflammation.
  • Since impaired motor function progresses gradually, aggravating the general condition of the clinical patient, doctors distinguish several stages of arthrosis, where the shoulder joint becomes the focus of pathology. Unpleasant symptoms increase and contribute to a more accurate diagnosis. So, grade 1 arthrosis of the shoulder joint has the following clinical picture:

    • slight change in the morphological tissues of the shoulder joint;
    • painful sensations only during physical activity;
    • stiffness of movements after a short stage of rest;
    • slight discomfort in the shoulders;
    • impaired muscle tone of the characteristic zone.
    • The signs of this disease presented above should alert the patient. Otherwise, grade 2 arthrosis of the shoulder joint rapidly develops, in which it is already problematic to restore the damaged structure of the cartilage tissue. Surgery is not yet required, but this clinical picture is characterized by the following clinical features:

    • changes in the structure of the tissues of the shoulder joint;
    • crunching sound when moving the arm to the side;
    • limitation of muscle functionality;
    • partial atrophy of muscle structures;
    • visualization of cartilage defects.
    • Causes of arthrosis of the shoulder joint

      If the disease develops, you need to consult a doctor, undergo diagnostics, and only then proceed to conservative treatment for medical reasons. It is necessary to find out why the joint was able to deform, what preceded this pathological process. The main causes of arthrosis of the shoulder joint are detailed below:

    • vascular diseases with impaired systemic circulation;
    • prolonged physical stress on the shoulder joint;
    • genetic predisposition;
    • impaired metabolism;
    • chronic diseases of the endocrine system;
    • injuries;
    • extensive joint diseases;
    • age-related changes in cartilage and bone tissue;
    • autoimmune diseases.
    • Treatment of arthrosis of the shoulder joint

      It is important to start intensive therapy immediately; follow-up with a doctor for a long period of time. Treatment of arthrosis of the shoulder joint grades 1 and 2 is conservative, and in complicated clinical pictures surgical intervention may be required. Painkillers must be used to eliminate anxiety symptoms, but anti-inflammatory, restorative, and regenerating agents for oral use are also necessary. Productive treatment for shoulder arthrosis includes alternative medicine methods and a therapeutic diet.

      It is important to determine what may be causing the pain. After eliminating the provoking factor, treatment of arthrosis of the shoulder joint with medications is especially productive. Below are those pharmacological groups that restore the affected areas, enhance tissue regeneration, and facilitate the general well-being of the clinical patient:

    • Chondroprotectors. A herbal composition that restores impaired cell nutrition. Such medications should be used in the stage of relapse and remission, and at an early stage of diagnosing arthrosis, they should fully restore the functions of the once damaged shoulder joint. Chondroprotectors include Artra, Dona, Chondroitin, Glucosamine.
    • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. During dystrophic processes in the body, pain is removed and inflammation is relieved. These include Nimesulide and Diclofenac. The source of the pathology ceases to bother, the patient begins to move normally, and does not feel disabled. Kenalog and Hydrocortisone have proven themselves well.
    • Corticosteroids. In the treatment of arthrosis, representatives of this pharmacological group are characterized by a stable and anti-inflammatory effect. If you use such medications correctly, you can significantly reduce the foci of pathology, and cartilage tissue will stop deteriorating.
    • Such preparations are indicated for rubbing into the affected shoulder joint. The area of ​​pathology temporarily ceases to concern. Therapeutic ointments for arthrosis of the shoulder joint are an additional measure in an integrated approach to the problem. Since the method of application is external, the active components do not penetrate the systemic bloodstream, and the list of contraindications is minimal. Such medications are appropriate to use in old age and pregnancy to obtain a gentle effect. These are Diclofenac, Ortofen, Voltaren, Naproxen, Indomethacin, Ketoprofen.

      Exercises for arthrosis of the shoulder joint

      With increased activity of the pathology focus, doctors recommend performing therapeutic exercises. Effective exercises for arthrosis of the shoulder joint are designed to be performed at home, restore former mobility, and relieve unbearable attacks of pain. It is recommended to reproduce them in the remission stage in order to significantly reduce the number of attacks dangerous to health. Below is a simple training complex for the affected shoulder joint:

    • Sitting on a chair, place your hands behind your back and clasp them together. Stretch back well and repeat the leisurely exercise several times.
    • While standing, jerk your elbows behind your back so as to stretch the entire spine as much as possible.
    • In a standing position, clasp your hands behind your shoulders, and then perform circular movements of your shoulders.
    • With weights, it is recommended to spread your arms left and right, while turning your entire body.
    • The “Lock” exercise is more effective when one hand is placed behind the back from the shoulder, the other from the waist. You need to stretch well.
    • In a sitting position, place your hands on your knees and relax. Perform slow circular movements with your shoulders clockwise and counterclockwise.
    • Place a chair in front of you with its back facing forward and take a couple of steps back. Holding your back with your hands, bend forward as much as possible.
    • Additional exercises allow you to get quick results, almost instant relief from severe pain in the affected area. Physiotherapy for arthrosis of the shoulder joint includes not only a course of massage, but also exercise therapy, paraffin, physical therapy, UHF therapy, infrared laser therapy, radon and hydrogen sulfide baths, exposure to ultrasound and magnetic fields, and electrophoresis. Constant procedures are not required; several courses with a time interval on the recommendation of a specialist are enough.

      Surgical treatment of arthrosis of the shoulder joint

      If the affected area continues to hurt, and the characteristic damage reminds itself more and more often, there is an urgent need for urgent surgery. Surgical treatment of arthrosis of the shoulder joint often involves the installation of an endoprosthesis. This is an invasive method that involves replacing damaged areas of the joint with artificial elements. In this progressive way, you can not only forget about pain for a long time, but also move your hand without the previous discomfort.

      Treatment of arthrosis of the shoulder joint with folk remedies

      Time-tested methods of alternative medicine are no less effective in practice, but only complement the main drug therapy. Before treating the shoulder joint at home, it is important to eliminate the risk of an allergic reaction of the body to herbal components, and correctly select a reliable recipe with a positive clinical outcome:

    • At night, make a cabbage leaf compress, which effectively relieves inflammation and increases the mobility of the shoulder joint after injury.
    • Medicinal decoctions of burdock, chamomile, calendula and nettle can cope with foci of pathology in arthrosis. It is recommended to add them to the bath and perform the procedure before bed.
    • A mixture of propolis and pork fat causes the shoulder joint to move without pain, and compresses can be applied more than 2 times a day.
    • Effective treatment of arthrosis of the shoulder joint with folk remedies involves hirudotherapy. The procedure with leeches increases blood flow to problem areas and relieves symptoms.
    • Prevention of arthrosis

      This characteristic disease can affect the shoulder joint at any time, but adult patients at risk are more susceptible to the disease. To prevent this from happening, it is important not to carry heavy objects, avoid prolonged hypothermia and stressful situations. By following simple rules for the prevention of arthrosis of the shoulder joint, you can maintain mobility and painlessness of the entire musculoskeletal system. If a person is at risk, here's what is important to remember:

      1. Maintain an active lifestyle, regularly take long-distance walks.
      2. Perform the training complex proposed above three times a week, do not treat with repetitions of exercises.
      3. Monitor your own weight and force loads on the body to avoid dangerous relapses.
      4. It's time to stop smoking forever and completely give up other bad habits and alcohol.
      5. Avoid injuries and concomitant diseases in every possible way, keep the muscles of the shoulder girdle in good shape.
      6. Causes of development of arthrosis of the shoulder joint

        IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW! The only remedy for JOINT PAIN, arthritis, arthrosis, osteochondrosis and other diseases of the musculoskeletal system, recommended by doctors! Read more.

        The main reason for the development of arthrosis is a change in the structure of articular cartilage. The cartilage loses its smoothness and elasticity, and the sliding of the articular surfaces during movements becomes difficult. This causes constant microtraumas, which lead to further deterioration of the cartilage tissue. Small pieces of cartilage “tear off” from the surface, forming loose articular bodies, which also injure the inner surface of the joint, including soft tissue. Over time, the capsule and synovial membrane thicken, and areas of fibrous degeneration appear in them. Due to thinning and decreased elasticity, the cartilage no longer provides the necessary shock absorption, so the load on the underlying bone increases. The bone becomes deformed and grows at the edges. The normal configuration of the joint is disrupted and contractures occur.

        The trigger point for the changes listed above can be both the normal process of tissue aging and damage or disruption of the structure of cartilage as a result of mechanical influences and various pathological processes. There is a hereditary predisposition - many patients with arthrosis of the shoulder joint have close relatives who also suffer from arthrosis, including other localizations (gonarthrosis, coxarthrosis, arthrosis of the ankle joint, etc.). If arthrosis develops for no apparent reason, it is called primary, if as a result of some other disease or pathological condition - secondary. Primary arthrosis is usually detected in older people; secondary arthrosis can occur at any age.

        Risk factors for the development of arthrosis include congenital anomalies of the shoulder joint, trauma (intra-articular fractures, dislocation of the shoulder joint, bruises, etc.), glenohumeral periarthritis, previously suffered nonspecific purulent arthritis and specific arthritis of the shoulder joint (with tuberculosis, syphilis and some others). diseases). A certain role in the occurrence of the disease is played by constant overstrain of the joint, which can occur in volleyball players, tennis players, basketball players, sports projectile throwers, as well as in people whose profession involves constant high load on their hands (hammers, loaders, etc.).

        Arthrosis is more often detected in patients suffering from autoimmune diseases (SLE, rheumatoid arthritis), certain endocrine diseases and metabolic disorders, systemic connective tissue deficiency and excessive joint mobility. The likelihood of developing the disease increases sharply with age. Frequent hypothermia and unfavorable environmental conditions have a certain negative impact.

        Stages of arthrosis of the shoulder joint

        There are three stages of arthrosis:

      7. The first is that there are no gross changes in cartilage tissue. The composition of the synovial fluid is changed, the nutrition of the cartilage is disrupted. Cartilage does not tolerate stress well, so pain in the joint (arthralgia) occurs from time to time.
      8. The second is that the cartilage tissue begins to thin out, its structure changes, the surface loses its smoothness, and cysts and areas of calcification appear deep in the cartilage. The underlying bone is slightly deformed, and bone growths appear along the edges of the articular area. The pain becomes constant.
      9. Third , there is a pronounced thinning and disruption of the structure of the cartilage with extensive areas of destruction. The articular platform is deformed. Limitation of range of motion, weakness of the ligamentous apparatus and atrophy of the periarticular muscles are revealed.
      10. It is not difficult to completely restore JOINTS! The most important thing is to rub this into the sore spot 2-3 times a day.

        In the early stages, patients are bothered by discomfort or slight pain in the shoulder joint with load and certain body positions. A crunching sound may occur during movements. The joint is externally unchanged, there is no swelling. Then the intensity of the pain syndrome increases, the pain becomes habitual, constant, appearing not only during exercise, but also at rest, including at night. Many patients note that the pain syndrome is dependent on weather conditions. Along with aching pain, sharp pain appears during physical activity.

        Pain can occur only in the shoulder joint, radiate to the elbow joint, or spread throughout the arm. Pain in the back and neck on the affected side is possible. After some time, patients begin to notice noticeable morning stiffness in the joint. The pain becomes constant, the range of movements decreases. After exercise or hypothermia, slight swelling of the soft tissues is possible. Subsequently, the range of movements decreases more and more, contractures develop, and the function of the limb is seriously impaired.

        Diagnosis and differential diagnosis for arthrosis of the shoulder joint

        The diagnosis is made taking into account characteristic clinical and radiological signs. X-rays of the shoulder joint reveal dystrophic changes and marginal bone growths (osteophytes); in the later stages, narrowing of the joint space, deformation and changes in the structure of the underlying bone are determined. The joint space may take on a wedge-shaped shape, and osteosclerotic changes and cyst-like formations are detected in the bone.

        X-ray classification of arthrosis of the shoulder joint:

      11. Stage 1 – a small number of osteophytes, the joint space is slightly narrowed or not changed.
      12. Stage 2 – there are noticeable osteophytes, the joint space is narrowed.
      13. Stage 3 – osteophytes are clearly defined, the joint space is clearly narrowed.
      14. Stage 4 – large osteophytes are detected, the joint space is significantly narrowed, the underlying bone is deformed, signs of osteosclerosis are determined.
      15. In doubtful cases, especially in the initial stages of the disease, the patient may be referred to a CT scan of the shoulder joint or MRI of the shoulder joint to obtain additional data on the condition of the bone, cartilage and soft tissue structures. If secondary arthrosis is suspected, consultations with relevant specialists are prescribed: surgeon, endocrinologist, etc.

        Differential diagnosis is carried out with gouty, psoriatic, rheumatoid and reactive arthritis, as well as with pyrophosphate arthropathy. In case of arthritis, blood tests reveal signs of inflammation; changes on radiographs are mild, there are no osteophytes, there are no signs of deformation of the articular surfaces. With psoriatic arthritis, along with joint manifestations, skin rashes are often found. In rheumatoid arthritis, a positive rheumatoid factor is determined. With pyrophosphate arthropathy and gouty arthritis, a biochemical blood test reveals corresponding changes (increased levels of uric acid salts, etc.).

        Prevalence and causes of shoulder arthrosis

        Mostly, arthrosis of the shoulder joint affects people of older age groups, more often men. Among residents of developed countries, approximately 10% of the population is sick at the age of 55, and among 65-year-olds - already 70%. Joint deformity develops in 60–70% of patients.

        Experts name 3 main causes of the disease:

        Heredity plays an important role, since arthrosis of the shoulder joint, as a rule, is familial. If parents are sick, the likelihood of developing pathology in children (sooner or later) is much higher than in families of healthy people.

        Also, the causes of the disease can be:

      16. suffered injuries or constant minor trauma over months and years (for example, due to constant heavy sports loads) - the so-called post-traumatic arthrosis of the shoulder joint develops;
      17. acute and chronic inflammation of the joints – arthritis.
      18. Arthrosis of the shoulder is almost always accompanied by arthrosis of the subacromial joint (the connection of the humerus and the acromial process of the scapula).

        Symptoms, development of the disease

        How does arthrosis of the shoulder joint develop? There are 3 stages of the process.

        It takes a long time to treat shoulder arthrosis. In the initial stages, until the function of the joint is impaired, a course of conservative treatment is carried out. His tasks include:

      19. pain relief is an important point in therapy, since due to pain a person tries to limit movements in the affected shoulder, and this further intensifies the pathological process;
      20. restoration and protection of cartilage tissue;
      21. removal of inflammation - as a factor complicating the course of the disease;
      22. restoration of range of motion in the shoulder.
      23. The doctor selects various medications depending on the form and stage of the disease. These include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormones that are injected directly into the joint cavity (so that they do not have an effect on the entire body). Among painkillers, various analgesics (painkillers) are used internally, in the form of injections, and also externally (creams or ointments). To restore cartilage, drugs with chondroitin are prescribed.

        Diet plays an important role. It is necessary to limit the consumption of salty and spicy foods, eat more food containing natural collagen - a building material for cartilage tissue. These are, first of all, fish of the salmon family, fresh herbs, poultry (especially turkey), seafood (shrimp, crabs, sea onions and seaweed).

        How to treat arthrosis of the shoulder joint during remission? Manual therapy, massage, physiotherapy and gymnastics have a good effect. Physical education can be done at home, it does not require much time: you should start with 5 minutes and gradually increase the exercises to 20 minutes a day. Here are some simple and effective exercises:

        How to treat arthrosis of the shoulder joint if conservative measures are not effective? The only thing left is surgery - installation of a prosthesis. But with this form of arthrosis (unlike others - for example, arthrosis of the leg joints), the need for surgical intervention does not often arise. Take care of your health and do not bring the disease to stages and symptoms at which you will not have non-operative treatment options.

        Humeral arthrosis (omarthrosis)

        This is a chronic pathology in which articular cartilage wears out and is destroyed. In later stages, the components of the glenohumeral joint - the head of the humerus and the scapula - begin to rub against each other, which leads to their abrasion. The result is the development of contracture (“freezing”) of the joint.

        The frequency of occurrence in women and men is approximately the same. Arthrosis can be primary and secondary:

      24. Primary arthrosis develops in healthy cartilage for no apparent reason, mainly after 50 years.
      25. Secondary arthrosis occurs as a complication of another disease and can develop at any age.
      26. The reasons for the development of glenohumeral arthrosis are varied and not fully understood. We can speak with confidence only about the factors that contribute to the development of the disease. These most often include:

      27. Excessive isometric load on the joint.
      28. Microtraumatization.
      29. Age-related changes.
      30. Endocrine disorders such as diabetes, myxedema, decreased function of the gonads (menopause, menopause in women).
      31. Heredity.
      32. Congenital dysplasia.
      33. Previous history of arthritis.
      34. Injuries that violate the integrity of the complete coincidence of the articular surfaces of the bones (congruence).
      35. Symptoms of glenohumeral arthrosis

        An acute onset is not typical for this disease. It develops gradually, the patient notes dull pain in the shoulder, a feeling of stiffness, and a crunch in the joint. Unlike rheumatoid arthritis, in which stiffness is observed in the morning for at least half an hour, with arthrosis it quickly passes. The pain may also worsen in damp and cold weather.

        There are “starting pains” during the first movements, but they quickly pass.

        To diagnose glenohumeral arthrosis, it is necessary to conduct an X-ray examination and laboratory diagnostics:

      36. X-ray diagnostics. In some cases, the presence of glenohumeral arthrosis can be determined only by taking an X-ray of the shoulder, which will allow us to determine the stage of the process. One of the features of the disease is the discrepancy between the symptoms and the X-ray picture - with significant damage to the joint, the patient notices almost no pain and vice versa. This strangeness is explained by the fact that the cartilage itself cannot hurt - it has neither nerve endings nor blood vessels. Therefore, pain appears only when the process begins to spread beyond the cartilage. Only in this case does intense pain occur.
      37. Laboratory diagnostics. When examining blood for biochemistry and general analysis, all indicators are within normal limits. Only if arthrosis is secondary in nature can signs of inflammation appear.
      38. In the process of making a diagnosis, it is important to distinguish glenohumeral arthrosis from periarthrosis or arthritis, since completely different approaches are used to treat these diseases.

        In the treatment of glenohumeral periarthrosis, etiotropic, pathogenetic and symptomatic schemes are used:

        Reducing the load on the joint

        The use of stimulants for the formation of cartilage tissue

        Drug therapy: painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as their introduction into surrounding tissues or intra-articularly

        Muscle relaxants (drugs that relieve muscle spasms)

        Several times a day it is necessary to rest the sore limb

        Vasodilators that improve cartilage nutrition

        Pain relief using physiotherapeutic methods: heat (paraffin, warming compresses, hot baths)

        Sex and anabolic hormones

        Orthopedic treatment: arthrodesis (fixing the joint in a state of complete immobility), arthroplasty or prosthetic replacement of the shoulder joint.

        Treating arthrosis can take a very long time and without results if you do not follow all the recommendations of doctors and do not change your diet. And with uncontrolled self-medication, the situation can even worsen.

        What is periarthrosis?

        This is the name of a chronic disease, which is characterized by dystrophic (malnutrition) damage to periarticular tissues. These could be ligaments, tendons, muscles, or the capsule of the joint itself.

        Very often, the shoulder joint is affected by periarthrosis and arthrosis. Much less often, the disease develops in the knee joint, and almost never in the hip joint.

        Factors such as metabolic disorders (obesity, diabetes) and disorders of the endocrine glands (menopause and menopause in women) can contribute to the appearance of periarthrosis.

        The development of periarthrosis on the leading side is typical (for right-handers it is the right limb, and for left-handers, accordingly, it is the left).

        Humeroscapular periarthrosis

        Since 1872 this diagnosis has been used to describe many different types of shoulder pain. After some time, doctors noted that despite the similar symptoms, the disease is caused by very different reasons.

        At the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), it was decided to make changes; To date, the diagnosis of “humeroscapular periarthrosis” is not made.

        Diseases of the shoulder joint area include deltoid, subacromial and calculous bursitis, tendonitis, and some other diseases. The disease can develop simultaneously with omarthrosis.

        If the disease is primary in nature and in the absence of occupational hazards in the patient, most often it is not possible to identify the cause. With secondary periarthrosis this is much easier to do.

        The appearance of glenohumeral periarthrosis can be provoked by:

      39. Occupational hazards.
      40. Injuries and microtraumas of the shoulder joint in the past.
      41. Osteochondrosis of the cervical spine.
      42. Operations in the chest area (mastectomy, removal of lymph nodes, etc.).
      43. It is most often observed in people whose work involves lifting heavy objects or holding the raised leading arm in one position for a long time, as well as rotating the shoulder to a significant extent. Such professions include:

      44. Loaders.
      45. Malyarov.
      46. Kuznetsov.
      47. Masons.
      48. Weavers.
      49. Teachers who write a lot on the board.
      50. Health workers (surgeons, obstetricians-gynecologists, nurses).
      51. Basketball players.
      52. The disease develops gradually, over several months and even years. The pain in the shoulder area is not severe at first, it appears and intensifies when it rotates, or when the arm is raised more than 60 degrees. When there is no load, there is no pain or it is insignificant. As the disease progresses, the pain increases and becomes more disturbing both during and without exercise, and especially at night.

        They have an aching, drilling or gnawing character, sometimes radiating to the shoulder blade and neck. A positive Dowborn sign is noted - when the shoulder rotates inward and the arm is abducted laterally, pain occurs in the shoulder joint.

        Upon examination, slight swelling and redness of the skin in the shoulder area are visible. Touching the affected joint is painful.

        But even with very severe pain, pendulum-like movements of the hand are preserved in full. “A characteristic symptom is difficulty placing the arm behind the back.” When making a movement, a crunching sound is heard in the shoulder joint.

        Occupational glenohumeral periarthrosis has a chronic form, with periods of exacerbation and remission (remission of symptoms).

        Humeroscapular periarthrosis must be distinguished from periarthritis, arthritis, including rheumatoid and arthosiarthritis.

        To diagnose glenohumeral periarthrosis, it is necessary to take an x-ray and conduct laboratory and instrumental diagnostics:

      53. X-ray. Periarthrosis is characterized by the presence of changes not in the joint itself, but in the tissues surrounding it. Thus, they contain salt deposits, which should disappear or at least decrease during the treatment process.
      54. Laboratory diagnostics. A general blood test, as well as biochemical studies, do not reveal any abnormalities.
      55. Instrumental diagnostics. Examination of the affected area using ultrasound and MRI methods makes it possible with a very high degree of probability to make a diagnosis and exclude other types of diseases (tendon ruptures, bursitis, tendinitis).
      56. For severe pain, painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs are used. Anesthetics and corticosteroid hormones are injected into the periarticular tissues using injections.

        Paraffin applications and heating are also effective.

        You should not resort to immobilization of the joint, as this can lead to the development of persistent contracture.

        Only in case of very severe pain is it possible to place the arm in a scarf, but even in this case it is necessary to periodically move it.

        Hip periarthrosis (coxoperiarthrosis, hip tendobursitis)

        This disease is characterized by a malnutrition of the tissues surrounding the joint and their structure. It has a subacute onset and a recurrent course with exacerbations that are provoked by hypothermia. For the hip joint, periarthrosis is very rare; arthrosis develops here much more often. Mostly women aged 30–60 years are affected.

        For patients with hip periarthrosis, the presence of glenohumeral periarthrosis in the present or past is characteristic.

        The main reason is tendon overload, which occurs due to atrophy of the quadriceps femoris muscle and static overload of the spine. Such loads can be caused by reasons such as prolonged sitting or standing due to professional activities, or different lengths of the lower limbs.

        There are different types of coxoperiarthrosis. There are calcific and non-calcifying periarthrosis. There is also something called springy or snapping hip syndrome.

        With snapping hip syndrome, dry clicking sounds are heard during movement, sometimes accompanied by mild pain. In this case, there is a short sensation of an obstacle, a springing movement of the hip and jumping over the barrier.

        Coxoperiarthrosis develops on one side, but unlike glenohumeral periarthrosis, with hip localization the pain reaches its maximum within a few days. Lameness, pain in the back or lumbar region appears. The patient feels increased pain when lifting his leg off the ground. Patients complain of pain in the groin, deep in the gluteal region, or in the posterior outer thigh.

        With this disease, all types of movements in the joint are limited: rotation, flexion and abduction. Upon examination, you can see swelling and redness in the area of ​​the greater trochanter.

        Trochanteritis must be distinguished from arthrosis of the hip joint (coxarthrosis) and acute coxitis. Since the principles of treatment for these pathologies differ, an accurate diagnosis is necessary.

        In order to make a diagnosis, laboratory and x-ray studies are necessary:

      57. X-ray. Calcifications of varying sizes can often be seen on x-rays. They are not located in the joint itself, but above the neck of the femur. The actual x-ray is not done to confirm the diagnosis of periarthrosis, but in order not to miss the development of arthrosis.
      58. Laboratory diagnostics. In a general blood test, an increase in ESR is sometimes noted. All other indicators are within the age norm. The blood test for rheumatic tests also does not exceed normal values. It must be taken in order not to miss the development of rheumatoid lesions of the joint or the muscles surrounding it.
      59. Treatment of hip periarthrosis is aimed at restoring metabolic processes and blood circulation in tissues. In the acute period, painkillers are prescribed, and after the condition has stabilized, methods such as acupuncture, shock wave therapy, magnetic therapy, exercise therapy, diet, and spa treatment are used.

        It is also recommended to limit the load on the affected joint.

        Anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed for trochanteritis. If the cause of the illness is an infection, your doctor may treat the illness with antibiotics.

        Prevention of arthrosis and periarthrosis

        It consists primarily of proper nutrition, regular but not excessive physical activity, hardening and eliminating or minimizing occupational hazards. Prevention of secondary arthrosis and periarthrosis is treatment of the underlying disease.

        What is shoulder arthrosis

        Like all other diseases of cartilage and bone tissue, arthrosis of the shoulder joint is associated with dystrophic changes. The causes of arthrosis in the shoulder joints are as follows:

      60. Excessive load on the shoulder. The disease most often occurs in athletes and construction workers (plasterers). Arthrosis of the shoulder joint 1st degree is observed in approximately 50% of cases in this category of the population.
      61. Injuries - no matter what is damaged: ligaments, cartilage, head of bone - degenerative changes can begin as a result. Post-traumatic arthrosis occurs in 30% of all cases of shoulder injury.
      62. Genetic changes are the possibility that a patient with signs of arthrosis of the shoulder joint has one of their close relatives who also had a similar disease.
      63. Related pathologies. Arthrosis itself is not an infectious disease, but arthritis can trigger it. Inflammation, regardless of its form (chronic or acute), can affect the development of pathological processes.
      64. Symptoms of the disease

        Effective therapeutic treatment of arthrosis of the shoulder joint with medications can be prescribed only after an accurate determination of the stage of the disease and the reasons that led to its development.

        It is customary to distinguish three stages of the process, each of which has its own distinctive features and symptoms:

      65. 1st stage. Patients seek help due to aching pain in the shoulder area. There are no restrictions in mobility. Palpation and visual examination do not help diagnose the disease. At the first stage, the only reliable diagnostic method is x-rays of the shoulder joint or tomography. After receiving the results, the disease is classified according to the ICD 10 code.
      66. 2nd stage. The symptoms of the pathology are more pronounced. Painful sensations become almost continuous and do not stop during rest. Conventional analgesics are not able to relieve pain in the second stage. Movements are limited. Diagnosis is carried out using a medical test: the patient is asked to clasp his hands behind his back.

      Symptoms of post-traumatic arthrosis of the shoulder joint are clearly visible on x-rays. Narrowing of the joint space, thickening of the surface, the appearance of osteophytes and atrophy of muscle tissue all indicate that the disease is progressing.

    • 3rd stage. At the third stage, changes become irreversible. The joint itself becomes so deformed that any movement of the hand becomes almost impossible. Muscle weakness is observed. Raising and abducting the arm becomes impossible. Medications for treatment have limited effect. Quite often it is necessary to resort to surgery on the shoulder joint for deforming arthrosis.
    • Why is arthrosis of the shoulder joint dangerous?

      Disability due to shoulder arthrosis is not such a rare occurrence. The main danger of pathology is associated with this consequence. Limited movement, inability to perform even basic daily tasks, severe pain - all these symptoms appear in patients suffering from the disease.

      Psychological problems may also arise. Constant lack of sleep - a consequence of intense pain and stress - makes it necessary to simultaneously see a doctor specializing in emotional disorders.

      Treatment of arthrosis of the shoulder joint with folk remedies that excludes drug therapy only aggravates the problem. Delaying a visit to the doctor can affect the favorable prognosis of the disease.

      How and with what to treat arthrosis of the shoulder joint

      Regardless of the degree of development of the disease, a patient diagnosed with arthrosis needs to be prepared for long-term treatment. All methods of traditional and alternative medicine are aimed at combating five main manifestations of the disease:

    • Relieve pain - with arthrosis, a kind of “vicious circle” is observed. Lack of movement leads to a lack of nutrients entering the joint and causes its deformation. Violations lead to intense pain when moving. The patient tries to avoid unpleasant sensations and tries to move his arm less, which further aggravates the situation. The medications prescribed are intended to relieve pain.
    • Reduce inflammation - the inflammatory process significantly complicates the course of therapy. Inflammation provokes increased pain and makes it impossible to take certain restorative medications. You can relieve swelling with the help of medications belonging to the group of NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).

    Without medications, inflammatory arthrosis can last and lead to complete deformation of the joint. If conservative therapy does not help, surgery may be indicated.

  • Restoration of cartilage tissue. In the early stages of the disease, it is possible to completely stop degenerative changes with the help of chondroprotectors. Ointments and gels containing these substances are prescribed. The most effective in this case are injections into the joint. Long-term use of chondroprotectors is required; for tangible results, a course of therapy is required for at least six months.

    The shoulder joint can also be restored using hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid is often compared to microprosthetics. After the introduction of hyaluronic acid, a shock-absorbing layer is created between the cartilages of the periosteal tissue. This treatment of the shoulder joint with arthrosis is associated with limiting the load on the joint, as a result of eliminating factors contributing to its deformation.

  • Restoring mobility - in this regard, drug therapy is powerless. For arthrosis of the shoulder joint, gymnastics, massage, attending physiotherapy procedures, etc. are prescribed. After an exacerbation, it is recommended to attend classes at a rehabilitation center. Treatment of deforming arthrosis of the shoulder joint will require conscious effort and a lot of time.
  • Normalize metabolism. Proper nutrition, regular use of vasodilator drugs, physical therapy for arthrosis - all this will provide the necessary nutrition to muscle tissue. Through the muscles, all the necessary elements enter the cartilage tissue. Massaging the shoulder joint can also help, especially with the use of warm ointments and compresses.
  • How to relieve pain with arthrosis of the shoulder joint

    Pain in the shoulder joint caused by arm movement during arthrosis leads to the patient subconsciously trying to immobilize it. During the inflammatory process, complete fixation is necessary, but as recovery progresses, a moderate load is required.

    Some patients, instead of seeing a doctor, try to solve the problem on their own. They begin to take analgesics, which in most cases have only a temporary effect.

    After examination, the arthrologist may prescribe the following medications and procedures to relieve pain:

  • Painkillers - non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs are good anesthetics.
  • Shoulder block - prescribed in cases where oral medications do not help. The main difficulty is due to the fact that a patient whose shoulder stops hurting after the blockade often decides that the disease has subsided and stops further therapy.
  • Fixing bandage - during an exacerbation, wearing an orthopedic corset helps reduce the load on the damaged area and, accordingly, reduce pain.
  • Ointment for shoulder arthrosis - warming compounds are prescribed for this purpose. Ointments must include drugs from the NSAID group. Treatment with ointments is one of the most effective ways to, if not completely relieve pain, then at least reduce its intensity.

    Ointments based on bee or snake venom, as well as those containing red pepper, have proven themselves well.

  • Compresses - although they primarily help relieve swelling, they can also reduce pain.
  • Physiotherapy for arthrosis of the shoulder joint

    In combination with taking medications, exercise therapy for the shoulder joint is prescribed. Additionally, at the patient’s request, other physical procedures may be indicated, which can significantly improve his well-being and influence a quick recovery.

    Alternative treatments include:

  • Laser therapy - the beam passes through the skin and acts directly on the cartilage tissue. As a result, pain is reduced, blood circulation improves, and metabolic processes in the body are restored.

    The advantage of laser therapy is the removal of calcium salts without the use of additional drugs. Arthrosis cones in the shoulder joint are also removed with a laser. Essentially, the buds are evaporated. The procedure itself takes 10-15 minutes.

  • Acupuncture - influencing biologically active points allows you to activate the body's own reserves. For severe pain, they can combine drug therapy and acupuncture, introducing the required amount of drugs during the procedure, increasing their effectiveness to the maximum.
  • Magnetotherapy - the effect of a magnetic field on the human body forces his immune system to work actively. Thanks to magnetic therapy, the healing process is accelerated, the flow of lymph and blood improves, the inflammatory process is relieved and proper blood flow is ensured.
  • Hirudotherapy - treatment with leeches is especially effective if the patient has grade 1 and 2 arthrosis. During the hirudotherapy procedure, a certain amount of stagnant blood is naturally taken from the patient. Substances in the saliva of leeches not only reduce pain, but also thin the blood, allowing it to reach the affected atrophied areas of muscle tissue.
  • Yoga for shoulder arthrosis - exercises in this gymnastics are aimed at stretching a person’s muscles. Yoga is one of the methods of exercise therapy for deforming arthrosis, which has received wide recognition due to the safety of its use. As an alternative to yoga, you can attend Pilates courses, a therapeutic exercise designed to restore patients after severe limb injuries.
  • Manual therapy - unlike traditional massage, the effect of this physiotherapy is based on the fact that the body itself is able to cope with the problem. You just need to push him in the right direction. For example, if a patient’s muscle atrophies, it is necessary to influence its nerve endings, starting the process of self-recovery.

    In manual therapy there is no aggressive harsh influence at all, providing a beneficial effect not only on the shoulder complex, but also on the entire body. A manual doctor can explain to the patient self-massage methods that can be effective for initial arthrosis.

  • Traditional treatment of arthrosis of the shoulder joint. Visiting the bathhouse, using apitherapy, homemade compresses, tinctures can also have a beneficial effect. Traditional medicine can increase the effectiveness of conservative therapy.
  • Surgical treatment of arthrosis

    To verify the need for surgical intervention, the patient undergoes an X-ray or MRI; the picture of arthrosis visible on the images in most cases indicates the advisability of a surgical method of therapy. The operation allows you to completely restore motor functions, but is only a temporary measure.

    Modern methods of treating arthrosis make it possible to avoid surgical intervention in 95% of cases, provided that the patient listens and carefully follows the recommendations of the attending physician. Treatment also includes disease prevention, which allows for stable remission of the disease.

    Arthrosis of the shoulder joint is not a death sentence. It is quite possible to reduce the development of the disease and even stop it completely, especially in the early stages of degenerative changes.

    Treatment of glenohumeral periarthritis

    A quarter of the world's population knows firsthand what glenohumeral periarthritis is and its painful symptoms. The disease is not selective; it causes suffering equally to both men and women. Various shoulder injuries, strong blows, and heavy physical activity can lead to the development of the disease. Manifesting itself in discomfort of movements, periarthritis forces a person to change their lifestyle and even profession. The symptoms of the disease are well expressed, and the intensity of pain depends on its stage.

    What are the symptoms of glenohumeral periarthritis?

    Experts have found that the disease goes through several stages. The forms of pathologies of glenohumeral periarthritis and symptoms are interrelated. The general picture of symptoms looks like this:

  • pain in the shoulder joint (mild or accompanied by sharp attacks of pain at rest);
  • limited mobility of the shoulder and arm in general, caused by inflammatory processes in the tissues around the joint;
  • increased temperature in the area of ​​inflammation, swelling and hardening of muscle tissue;
  • unconscious stabilization of the arm position (the patient tries to keep the arm bent).
  • The slightest signs of shoulder pain should alert a person and prompt him to visit a doctor. Identifying the disease at its early stage allows the doctor to correctly structure treatment for glenohumeral periarthritis, guaranteeing a positive result.

    Variety of treatment methods

    There is no single medicine that can cure periarthritis. When a patient consults a doctor, the specialist faces the task of developing a set of therapeutic measures for glenohumeral periarthritis. As a rule, they may include: medication on the lesion, local physiotherapy, therapeutic massage and complex physical exercises. Let's take a closer look at each of the treatment methods.

    Medications

    In the international classification, glenohumeral periarthritis according to ICD 10 is not included; it is meant by adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder with code M75.0. Having found out in the patient what symptoms glenohumeral periarthritis causes, the doctor builds medication treatment based on their severity.

    The patient is prescribed medications whose action is aimed at relieving inflammation. Traditionally, the list includes drugs such as Voltaren, Diclofenac, Aspirin. When taken for a long time, they can cause disturbances in the patient's gastrointestinal tract. For patients suffering from peptic ulcers or gastritis, the use of such drugs is limited. For them, the production of products with minimal impact on the gastrointestinal tract has been launched: Nimesulide, Movalis, Celoxib.

    If obvious improvement is not achieved with the help of the listed drugs, they resort to corticosteroid injections, injected directly into the affected area. 2-3 injections are enough for the patient to feel significant pain relief.

    Compresses with dimexide help to reduce the severity of pain. The use of ointments containing active substances of the NSAID group is also recommended. To enhance the therapeutic effect, medications are supported by various physical procedures.

    Physiotherapy for shoulder periarthritis

    The objectives of physiotherapy include relieving swelling and pain, improving joint mobility. In particular, X-ray therapy allows localized elimination of the inflammatory process in the shoulder ligaments and tendons. Irradiation of the diseased area suppresses the immune system, which leads to a visible decrease in inflammation.

    The treatment complex may include procedures such as magnetic therapy, shock wave exposure, and laser therapy. Only the doctor decides which procedure to perform.

    Alternative Treatments

    Swimming has a beneficial effect on the course of the disease and accelerates healing processes. Rhythmic movements of the hands in water promote rapid blood flow, the tissues receive enough nutrition, the load on the joint is minimal, which does not interfere with the limb’s normal functioning.

    Acupressure is aimed at reducing spasm of muscle tissue. By influencing certain points, the specialist competently works on the affected area, eliminating the cause that caused the spasm. Acupuncture works on the same principle, when needles are inserted into nerve nodes, causing them to relax.

    Patients are invited to visit sanatoriums with mud therapy. The therapeutic composition of the mud warms up the inflamed areas well, improves their blood supply, and relieves swelling.

    Contacting an experienced chiropractor can improve situations without directly affecting the pain points. The treatment is gentle on the patient, and positive results occur very quickly.

    Treatment at home

    Obviously, the use of traditional medicine cannot lead to a complete treatment of the disease, but they help reduce pain and calm inflammation. Based on medicinal herbs, you can prepare compositions for rubbing:

  • Prepare a decoction of chamomile, plantain or peppermint. Rub the prepared liquid onto the sore area twice a day, morning and night.
  • Heat a burdock leaf, apply it to the source of inflammation, fix it and leave the compress overnight.
  • To influence the disease from the inside, soak 5 grams of black currant berries in a glass of boiling water, leave for 20 minutes and drink half a glass three times a day.
  • Proper selection of homeopathic remedies allows you to actively influence the source of inflammation, reducing its intensity and relieving pain in the tissues surrounding the joint. You should not decide to take homeopathic medicines on your own.

    Please note that no matter what popular recipe is used to combat the disease, it should be considered only as a preventive measure. What really provides undoubted benefit in the fight against the disease is specially performed physical therapy for glenohumeral periarthritis.

    Exercise therapy complexes for shoulder periarthritis

    In addition to swimming and simple individual exercises to develop shoulder mobility, individual specialists have compiled sets of exercises for glenohumeral periarthritis . The main goal of physical therapy is to improve the mobility of the shoulder joint. Designated as an additional working tool, exercise therapy is capable of solving the following problems:

  • prevent the development of contracture (limited functionality) of the joint;
  • return of muscle tone and strength;
  • strengthening ligaments;
  • normalization of blood circulation;
  • increase or complete restoration of motor functions of the hand.
  • Therapeutic exercises are indicated during the rehabilitation period and should be carried out under medical supervision. The exercises themselves take place in various positions: sitting, standing (with or without support on the gymnastic wall), lying on your back or stomach.

    Classes include work with various objects. The patient is asked to perform certain movements using a gymnastic stick, dumbbells, rubber band, or ball. To visually study the material, watch gymnastics for glenohumeral periarthritis in the video:

    When carrying out exercise therapy, certain requirements must be met to avoid worsening the situation. They clearly state:

  • the load should be increased gradually;
  • mandatory adherence to a regular training regimen;
  • when performing exercises, the patient should not feel pain in the affected area;
  • all actions are performed at a slow pace;
    • the work begins with the hands, wrist and elbow joints, with a gradual transition to the shoulder.
    • Approximate set of classes

      When building a physical therapy program, a specialist, as a rule, begins with exercises in a supine position. The patient does the following:

    • squeezes and unclenches hands;
    • flexes and extends the wrist joints;
    • rotates the brushes;
    • lowering his arms along the body, bends his elbows as he inhales and brings his hands to his shoulders; on exhalation, returns to its original position;
    • bringing his hands to his shoulders, he tries to turn his elbows;
    • in the same initial position, hands at the shoulders, elbows rise forward as you inhale, and lower as you exhale;
    • The block of exercises ends with lying on your back by spreading your arms to the sides and restoring your breathing.
    • For sitting position:

    • first raise and lower the healthy arm, then repeat the exercise with the affected arm;
    • move their shoulders up and down;
    • arms are lowered down, shoulders make circular movements;
    • bending and circular movements of the cervical spine.
    • For standing position:

    • swing both arms to the sides, forward, backward;
    • walking combined with sweeping arm movements.
    • Numerous reviews from patients indicate that the Popov set of exercises has proven itself well in the fight against glenohumeral periarthritis . Patients who completed this course were able to significantly increase the mobility of their hands and get rid of pain.

      What is the healing secret of Popov’s exercises?

      Pyotr Alekseevich Popov, developing his complex, built it on the principle of “small movements”. The basis of his treatment program was simple rotations, stretching, and rocking. Thus, the doctor slowly but surely leads the patient to feel better. Key exercises consist of:

    • raising the shoulders to the maximum height and drawing a figure eight with them, alternating synchronous execution of movements with alternate ones;
    • stretching the spine upward by raising the shoulders, fixing the upper position, and lowering the arms to the starting position;
    • exercise “scissors” - as you inhale, the arms spread, and as you exhale, they cross;
    • alternately raising the arms with turning the body towards the raised limb, returning to the starting position with relaxation of the shoulder muscles;
    • clasping your hands together, stretch your arms forward and make wave movements, trying to increase the pace;
    • hands locked, arms forward, make circular movements with outstretched arms;
    • bend your arm at the elbow, then lower it down and slowly straighten it;
    • palms on knees, body leaning forward, turning the right shoulder to the left knee, and vice versa;
    • bends forward with additional movement of the chest towards the knees, and the shoulders reach towards the legs.
    • After each block of exercises, Popov recommends doing warm-up gymnastics. It helps to imitate walking in a “sitting” position, when the patient, straightening his back, “steps” with his legs and moves his arms along the body. If, while performing Popov exercises for glenohumeral periarthritis, the patient feels strong tension, relaxation exercises should be performed. The complex can be viewed here:

      When should exercise therapy not be performed?

      Despite the good performance of exercise therapy for patients with glenohumeral periarthritis, doctors point to a number of circumstances under which it is not performed. These include:

    • circulatory failure stage 2 and higher;
    • the patient has high blood pressure;
    • risk of bleeding;
    • state of fever.
    • The patient should pay close attention to the doctor’s warnings and not insist on exercise therapy, claiming that he feels well.

      Categories : Diagnostics
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