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What does arthritis mean?

02 Jun 18

Rheumatoid arthritis: what it is, symptoms and treatment of the disease

Rheumatoid arthritis is a very complex disease that is characterized by damage to connective tissue. It manifests itself in the gradual destruction of joints. The disease occurs not only in adults, but also in children. Treatment must be carried out immediately, before the disease becomes chronic.

Features of the pathology

It is important to know! Doctors are shocked: “An effective and affordable remedy for ARTHRITIS exists. " Read more.

The exact reasons for the development of the presented pathology have already been established. It appears against the background of rheumatism, which is provoked by a sore throat or flu.

Even a common cold, poor diet, severe physical or emotional fatigue, or hypothermia can provoke rheumatoid arthritis in a child. The factor of the autonomic nervous system is considered very important in the development of pathology. Most often, such polyarthritis is diagnosed in children aged 7-15 years.

The pathogenesis of the disease is quite complex. It occurs several weeks after the infection. The toxins of the pathogen have a negative effect on the body, as a result of which the immune system begins to produce antibodies that attack its own tissues, which it considers foreign.

As a result of this reaction, an inflammatory process occurs in the joints. This affects the cartilage tissue, as well as other components of the joints. If left untreated, rheumatoid arthritis will not cause severe joint changes or disability. However, it definitely needs to be treated.

This fever can be active or inactive. As for the speed of its course, the following types of rheumatic arthritis should be distinguished:

  • Spicy. It is characterized by the fact that the symptoms are very intense. Acute polyarthritis develops very quickly - within 3 months maximum.
  • Subacute. In this case, the disease arises and develops quite slowly. Clinical symptoms of the disease in a child are less pronounced.
  • Protracted. This type of pathology is characterized by moderate severity of symptoms. Its treatment is lengthy and can take more than six months.
  • Continuously recurrent.
  • Latent. In this case, the disease develops, but the child has no symptoms.
  • Acute rheumatic arthritis has a complex pathogenesis and unfavorable prognosis, since therapy simply does not have time to produce the appropriate effect.

    Symptoms of the disease

    If rheumatoid arthritis manifests itself in children, it has the following symptoms:

  • Severe increase in temperature (up to 39 degrees).
  • The damage to the joints is symmetrical, with large joints being more susceptible to pathology.
  • General intoxication of the body, which is accompanied by weakness, body aches, and headache.
  • The skin over the affected area becomes red.
  • An increase in local temperature in the affected joint, which swells and increases in size.
  • Limitation of motor activity, as any turn causes severe pain.
  • There are other signs of the disease:

  • Inflammation of the membranes of the heart - carditis. Moreover, all membranes are affected. It is accompanied by swelling, shortness of breath, and strong heartbeat. The child may even develop a heart defect.
  • Decreased muscle tone, mood swings.
  • Skin damage. Most often, pink ring-shaped rashes appear in the torso area, which disappear with pressure on the affected area.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis is a complex pathology that can spread to the thyroid gland, kidneys, liver, eyes and lungs. However, such polyarthritis is quite rare.

    In order to begin to treat the disease, the patient must be carefully examined. The child must undergo the following procedures:

  • General analysis of urine and blood. It should show an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate as well as an excessive white blood cell count. Also, laboratory testing allows you to determine the causative agent of the infection. In addition, additional tests are prescribed for the small patient.
  • External examination of the patient and recording of his symptoms. The diagnosis is established if the child shows at least 2 signs of arthritis.
  • X-ray of affected joints. In most cases, signs of pathology may not be visible on the image. However, x-rays are needed for differential diagnosis, which will distinguish rheumatoid arthritis from other types of pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. For this you can use MRI or CT. X-rays in this case are cheaper.
  • ECG.
  • Ultrasound of the heart and internal organs.
  • The main condition for treating pathology is timeliness.

    Even “advanced” ARTHRITIS can be cured at home! Just remember to apply this once a day.

    Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

    Modern medicine does not offer any radical treatments for rheumatoid arthritis. Basically, therapy involves taking medications, using physiotherapeutic procedures, exercise therapy and massage. The main rule of treatment is to combat factors that can provoke the disease, as well as eliminate symptoms and restore normal functionality of the joints.

    In addition, the child should remain in bed for as long as the fever lasts. After this, he will need calmness another month later, as his body temperature should be normalized.

    Find out what experts say about the treatment of the disease in this video:

    Treatment is carried out under the supervision of a doctor. Drug therapy involves taking the following drugs:

  • Antirheumatic drugs.
  • Steroid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Nurofen, Aspirin. These medications help eliminate the inflammatory process that causes pain and other symptoms. Tablet preparations are mainly used, although they have a negative effect on the gastric mucosa. Hormonal drugs are also considered very effective, however, they have a large list of side effects, including increased bone fragility.
  • Antibacterial drugs: Amoxicillin, drugs of the penicillin group, cephalosporins.
    1. Means for improving metabolic processes in the body: “Riboxin”.
    2. Quinoline drugs: Plaquenil, Delagil. These remedies are used only if the development of the pathology is delayed.
    3. Local remedies: chondroprotective ointments, anesthetic ointments. It is best to use them in conjunction with massage. In this case, the ointment will provide a positive effect.
    4. Folk remedies can also be used in treatment, however, they are auxiliary. These recipes are used only at home. You cannot rely only on folk remedies.

      In addition to the fact that the patient needs to take medications to relieve symptoms, he should also strengthen his immune system. For this, the child is prescribed a diet. It should contain a sufficient amount of vegetables and fruits, foods rich in protein. The diet includes limiting salt intake.

      How does rheumatoid arthritis differ from rheumatoid arthritis?

      The main difference between rheumatoid arthritis is that its exact causes have not yet been determined. At the same time, it develops much more slowly and harder. Rheumatoid arthritis in children does not lead to disability of the patient.

      And his therapy allows you to achieve a more sustainable effect. Rheumatoid arthritis is irreversible. Even properly selected treatment cannot relieve a person from disability. Over time, the joints become so deformed that surgery is required.

      Treatment and prevention of rheumatoid arthritis can be done at home. Since this disease is chronic and systemic in nature, it will not be possible to completely get rid of it. However, therapy for rheumatoid arthritis should not be stopped during remission. This will make it possible to significantly reduce the frequency of exacerbations.

      An excellent method of prevention is spa treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, it is necessary to take additional measures to help avoid further development of the pathology.

      A proper diet, the use of folk remedies and homemade ointments in combination with drug treatment will provide a good lasting effect.

      To treat and prevent ARTHRITIS, our readers use a method of quick and non-surgical treatment recommended by leading rheumatologists in Russia, who decided to speak out against pharmaceutical lawlessness and presented a medicine that REALLY TREATS! We have become familiar with this technique and decided to bring it to your attention. Read more.

      Learn about the treatment of the disease from Elena Malysheva and her assistants in this video:

      How to forget about joint pain and arthritis?

    5. Joint pain limits your movements and full life...
    6. You are worried about discomfort, crunching and systematic pain...
    7. You may have tried a bunch of medications, creams and ointments...
    8. But judging by the fact that you are reading these lines, they did not help you much...
    9. But orthopedist Valentin Dikul claims that a truly effective remedy for ARTHRITIS exists! Read more >>>

      If you want to get the same treatment, ask us how?

      The word “arthritis” comes from the Greek word arthron, which means “joint”. This word is familiar to many people, since they had to “get to know” all the insidiousness of this disease personally. Joint pain . their redness, swelling, deformation, as well as dysfunction of the joints, increased temperature, both local (of the skin over the joint) and general - these are all manifestations of arthritis. Today, arthritis is one of the most common joint diseases. Every seventh person on the planet suffers from arthritis. Even children get sick from it! Arthritis affects women much more often than men. Although arthritis is traditionally associated with a person's mature age, recently there has been a disappointing trend towards rejuvenation of the disease. Nowadays, many young people complain of joint pain. Arthritis is an inflammatory disease of the joints that causes thinning of the articular cartilage, changes in the ligaments and joint capsule, and in severe cases leads to joint deformation.

      In patients suffering from psoriasis, the joints may be affected, leading to the development of psoriatic arthritis.

      Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with defects in the functioning of the immune system. The development of psoriatic arthritis is directly related to psoriasis and is characterized by inflammation of the joints, which is accompanied by pain, stiffness and limitation of movement in them. Of the approximately 2.5% of the population that suffers from psoriasis, 23% will be diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis at some point in their lives.

      Symptoms of psoriatic arthritis can range from mild to severe and usually appear in people between 30 and 50 years of age. The percentage of patients between men and women is approximately the same; white people are more likely to develop psoriatic arthritis. Only in a small percentage of cases is it the case that psoriatic arthritis is diagnosed before psoriasis itself is diagnosed.

      Types of Psoriatic Arthritis

      Depending on in which joints the inflammatory process is observed, psoriatic arthritis is classified into 5 types as follows:

      What does grade 2 arthrosis mean?

      Posted By: Dantilley Posted date: 10/02/2014, 05:05 in: Prostatitis

      What causes arthritis to develop?

      There are many types of arthritis, the cause of most of them is still unknown to scientists. Most likely, there are several reasons. Among the main reasons, scientists identify genetic characteristics and human lifestyle.

      The exact causes of arthritis in humans are unknown, however, there are certain risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing arthritis. Among them:

      Age. The risk of arthritis, especially osteoarthritis, increases with age.

      Floor. Arthritis is a disease that is much more common among women than among men.

      Obesity. Obesity causes increased stress on certain joints, which leads to premature wear and tear of the joint, leading to an increased risk of developing arthritis (especially osteoarthritis).

      Working conditions. Some types of work involve active movement, heavy lifting, and frequent injuries. All of these factors increase the risk of arthritis, especially osteoarthritis.

      How common is arthritis?

      Arthritis is an extremely common disease that affects thousands of Ukrainians. Arthritis is one of the leading causes of disability for many people. The most common type of arthritis is osteoarthritis. Arthritis affects people of all ages, however, it most often affects older people.

      A doctor diagnoses osteoarthritis based on the patient's medical history, description of symptoms, and physical examination. X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging show the condition of the patient's joints. In order to determine what type of arthritis a person suffers from, the doctor prescribes tests of blood, urine and joint fluid. These tests also help rule out other diseases that may be causing your symptoms.

      The goal of treating arthritis is to relieve the patient's pain, increase joint mobility, and strengthen it. Treatment methods include medications, cold and hot compresses, special joint protectors, and surgery. Treatment may include one or more methods.

      Arthritis: what is the patient's outlook?

      What is rheumatoid factor

      Rheumatoid factor is an antibody to the Fc portion of IgG. They can belong to any class of immunoglobulins, but are usually IgM. Most laboratories only test for IgM.

      Rheumatoid factor is determined by several methods. The most commonly used reaction is the latex agglutination reaction and the indirect hemagglutination reaction with sheep erythrocytes; the result of any of these tests is considered positive if the antibody titer is 1:20 or higher.

      Rheumatoid factor is found in 80% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. However, it is detected not only in rheumatoid arthritis, but also in many other diseases (collagenosis, chronic inflammatory diseases, a number of malignant neoplasms), as well as in 5% of healthy people, often the elderly. High titer rheumatoid factor is often found in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia.

      Diseases in which rheumatoid factor is detected

    10. Rheumatoid arthritis
    11. Sjögren's syndrome
    12. SLE
    13. Dermatomyositis-polymyositis
    14. Mixed connective tissue disease
    15. Systemic scleroderma
      • Infective endocarditis
      • Tuberculosis
      • Infectious mononucleosis
      • Viral hepatitis
      • Syphilis
      • Leprosy
      • Flu
      • 3. Malignant neoplasms

      • Lymphomas
      • Myeloma
      • Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
      • Condition after radiation therapy or chemotherapy
      • Sarcoidosis.
      • Chronic lung diseases (for example, pneumosclerosis)
      • Chronic liver diseases (chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis)
      • Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia
      • 5. Variant of the norm (more common in older people).

        The higher the rheumatoid factor titer, the more likely the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. In patients with a high titer of rheumatoid factor, joints and internal organs are more severely affected, rheumatoid nodules are more likely to form, and the prognosis is worse.

        It is usually impossible to judge the course of the disease by fluctuations in this indicator. The pathogenetic significance of rheumatoid factor is not clear. It is possible that he:

        Osteoarthritis and arthritis - what is it?

        What is the difference between arthrosis and arthritis?

        Osteoarthritis and arthritis are diseases that damage the joints. That is why, and also because of the consonance of the names, many people do not understand the difference between arthrosis and arthritis , and perceive them as something similar in essence. Meanwhile, arthrosis and arthritis are far from the same thing.

        1. Arthrosis is a gradual age-related deformation of the joints ; Arthrosis most often develops in old age (45 years and older). Arthritis , on the contrary, often begins at a young age (before 40 years). Although in both cases there are exceptions: sometimes arthritis occurs in a person who is 60-70 years old (usually this happens after a severe flu, cold, hypothermia or stress); or arthrosis begins in a person who is not yet 40 (after severe injuries, fractures or in professional athletes).

        Fact: up to 2% of people living on Earth suffer from various arthritis , often young people. And approximately 10% of the world's population suffers arthrosis Moreover, if arthrosis affects young people relatively rarely, then in the older age group the incidence of arthrosis increases many times over. For example, upon reaching the age of 50, certain arthritic changes in the joints can be detected in every third person. And among seventy-year-olds, almost every second person suffers from arthrosis in one form or another.

        2. Arthrosis is a disease in which only the joints suffer . The rest of the body with arthrosis, to put it simply, is not involved in the process.

        Arthritis , on the contrary, is an inflammatory disease of the entire body; and inflammation of the joints during arthritis is only the “tip of the iceberg”, under which some other processes are hidden inside the body. Inflammation of the joints during arthritis can be manifested by swelling, redness and severe pain that does not go away with rest, and sometimes even worsens at night. Such inflammation is most often caused by either an infection or a malfunction and overly active activity of the immune system, mistakenly directing its forces against its own body. In some cases, arthritis indicates a general metabolic disorder.

        The changes that occur in the body with some arthritis negatively affect not only the joints. They often hit internal organs - most often the heart, liver and kidneys. And sometimes, if proper treatment is not carried out, complications of some arthritis can pose a fairly serious threat to the patient’s life. Fortunately, as mentioned above, arthritis is several times less common than arthrosis.

        3. Although both arthritis and arthrosis sometimes inflame the same joints, there are certain signs that make it possible to distinguish one disease from the other. Below I will tell you about the characteristic signs of arthrosis and arthritis, which allow us to understand which of these two diseases a person is sick with.

        Signs of arthrosis (symptoms of arthrosis). Osteoarthritis most often affects the knee and hip joints, as well as the big toe joints. Slightly less common are the ankle joints and those joints of the fingers that are located closer to the nails (distal interphalangeal joints).

        The most characteristic signs of arthritis (symptoms of arthritis) In this chapter I will tell you about special “warning” symptoms that are not characteristic of arthrosis, but are typical of arthritis.

        Examinations necessary for differential diagnosis between arthritis and arthrosis. Clinical blood test, biochemical blood test and rheumatic test, X-ray of joints, X-ray of the sacroiliac joints, in some cases - X-ray of the spine, radioisotope scan of the skeleton, computed or magnetic resonance imaging (CT or MRI).

        Other causes of joint pain. Tendon pain. Pain when a joint is blocked or pinched. Joint pain due to poor circulation.

        Article by Dr. Evdokimenko© for the book “Arthritis”, published in 2003.

        Arthritis: what is it, what causes the disease, photo of joint disease

        Arthritis is a disease that affects thousands of people around the world and is widespread. The disease gets its name from the word “athron”, which means “joint” in Greek.

        The first mentions of the signs of the disease and its treatment date back to the period of the life and work of Hippocrates. It turns out that even in those distant times, doctors, in collaboration with traditional healers and healers, took the first steps to combat this disease.

        At the same time, if earlier doctors called arthritis any disease that in one way or another affected the joints and musculoskeletal system of the body, already in the sixteenth century arthritis, as a pathology, received its own classification. The stages of the disease and types of arthritis were first determined at that time.

        Therefore, when talking about arthritis today, doctors mean a number of diseases that have common unique features.

        According to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, every hundredth resident of this country suffers from arthritis. Moreover, joint disease affects any age group, there are no exceptions. Arthritis does not depend on a person’s gender. This lack of framework makes the disease not just an ailment, but a real problem for modern society.

        Scientific observations and studies, at the same time, confirm that arthritis poses a greater threat to middle-aged females.

        Therefore, this category of the population must promptly respond to the appearance of the first signs of the disease and carry out appropriate treatment.

        Arthritis and its causes

        Despite the fact that arthritis has been known as a disease for a very long time, in the 21st century the causes of its occurrence have only been partially studied by doctors. Genetic predisposition is the most likely reason why arthritis may develop.

        Therefore, theoretically, every person can have a hereditary predisposition to this disease. Moreover, it is not at all necessary that he himself will suffer from arthritis. Typically, a genetic predisposition to arthritis is passed on from generation to generation, and the disease becomes fully manifest in descendants.

        The second cause of arthritis, confirmed by scientists, is pathology of the lymph nodes, in the presence of which immune cells simply cannot detect viruses and begin to fight them in a timely manner.

        In this regard, arthritis is a very insidious disease, since impaired immune cells can detect the presence of a problem in the body, but in the process of neutralizing it they can make mistakes and destroy their own healthy joint cells (autoimmune reaction).

        The third reason for the development of arthritis is complications after infectious diseases. In this regard, the absolute leader is the flu or acute respiratory infection (as the disease is often called in professional medical slang).

        According to statistics, in 40% of cases, arthritis and its symptoms arise precisely as a result of a previously suffered acute respiratory infection.

        It may seem strange to some, but emotional stress can also cause the development of arthritis at any age. Every person, regardless of his social status, experiences emotional “shocks” from time to time, as a result of which the patient’s psychological background sharply deteriorates. A similar factor could be dismissal from work or the death of a loved one.

        After suffering shocks, people often experience character changes, and the more pronounced these changes, the higher the likelihood of developing arthritis. This cause of the disease was first proposed as theoretical more than 100 years ago and in the 20th century it was fully confirmed by the scientific work done by American physicians Alexander, Shapir, and Johnson.

        It also happens that emotional stress that contributes to the appearance of arthritis occurs for no apparent reason, that is, there is no critical situation. This is explained by the fact that the person has been subjected to minor but regular oppression over a fairly long period, for example, from family members or superiors at work. At the same time, the person restrains himself, masks his irritability, but suffers greatly emotionally.

        In such situations, stress becomes a time bomb:

        1. tension gradually increases;
        2. negativity accumulates;
        3. then an emotional explosion occurs and all the ensuing consequences.
        4. This reason, in fact, leads to the fact that middle-aged women suffer from arthritis more often than other people. Therefore, men who are concerned about the health of their “halves” should avoid the politics of domestic dictatorship and appreciate and love their wife.

          Another very common cause of arthritis is prolonged stress on the same group of joints. There is nothing eternal in the world; human joints are no exception to this rule.

          Note! In addition to women, athletes are also at risk for developing arthritis. During training and competitions, athletes' joints experience enormous stress. In addition, emotional excitement before competitions and untreated injuries also play a significant role.

          There are many reasons for the development of arthritis; the list of them can be endless. Here are the most common ones:

        5. poor nutrition, which is characterized by a lack of vitamins;
        6. metabolic disorders in the patient's body;
        7. drinking alcohol, smoking;
        8. unfavorable ecological atmosphere;
        9. blood supply problems.
        10. Arthritis - what it is, symptoms, causes, degrees, first signs and treatment

          Arthritis is an inflammatory disease of the joints. With arthritis, a person experiences pain during active movements, flexion and extension, as well as when walking if the joints of the legs are inflamed. Sometimes the skin over the sore joint begins to turn red, and a local increase in temperature or general fever is observed.

          Let's take a closer look at what kind of disease this is, what causes and first signs are characteristic of it, and also what is the best way to treat arthritis in adults.

          Arthritis is a collective term for inflammatory diseases of the joints, the main symptom of which is pain in the joints, especially when walking or using physical force.

          The disease is caused by metabolic disorders inside the joint, which results in an increase in the synovial membrane, leading to tissue proliferation and destruction of cartilage. Excess fluid in the joint leads to inflammation and pain and fever.

          Signs of arthritis can appear gradually, starting with just a slight swelling and discomfort in the crook of the joint or phalanges of the fingers, followed by severe pain and other symptoms.

          Arthritis is divided according to localization:

        11. monoarthritis - arthritis of one joint;
        12. oligoarthritis (two or three affected areas);
        13. polyarthritis - arthritis of more than 3 joints.
        14. Based on the nature of the changes that occur, arthritis is divided into:

        15. inflammatory, which is characterized by the presence of inflammation,
        16. degenerative, when first there is a malnutrition of the cartilage, dystrophy, a change in the appearance of the affected joint, followed by its deformation.
        17. Arthritis can be acute or chronic:

        18. Acute arthritis develops rapidly, accompanied by severe pain and inflammation in the tissues, which disappear after 2-3 days.
        19. Chronic arthritis progresses gradually, slowly becoming a serious disease.
        20. Due to the origin of the disease:

        21. Infectious or purulent arthritis. Manifests itself under the influence of a certain infection.
        22. Rheumatoid arthritis. It is formed due to the predominance of infectious and allergic diseases. This type is more dangerous than the first, as it often develops into chronic inflammation. If rheumatoid arthritis is left untreated, the patient may experience difficulty walking.
        23. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. This type predominantly occurs in children under 16 years of age. Unfortunately, the etiology of the disease is unknown to date, but has serious consequences: difficulty walking and disability in children.
        24. Reactive. Reactive arthritis manifests itself mainly due to changes in immunity in people who have a hereditary disposition to insufficient utilization of antigen complexes. Reactive arthritis sometimes occurs as a consequence of many infections. Most often it is a consequence of previous enterocolitis.
        25. Gouty arthritis. Usually one joint is affected, an attack of pain usually develops at night or in the early morning hours, in the absence of treatment, attacks are repeated more often and last longer, and the level of uric acid in the blood is elevated.
        26. Osteoarthritis. Joints fail within a few years. A characteristic symptom is a crunching sound in the fingers or toes. It is dangerous because it can hit the spine. They may begin to swell and hurt.
        27. Traumatic. It appears in the presence of open and closed joint injuries and in the case of regularly occurring minor injuries.
        28. Rheumatism is a chronic connective tissue disease primarily affecting the heart and joints. Its etiology is also unclear, as are the causes of the development of rheumatoid arthritis;
        29. Arthrosis is a form of arthritis that affects only the joints and periarticular tissues, without affecting other organs.
        30. The clear and exact cause of arthritis has not yet been determined, but doctors have identified some factors that can trigger the development of arthritis. Let's look at them:

        31. infections caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses;
        32. allergies;
        33. metabolic disease;
        34. injury;
        35. lack of vitamins (vitaminosis);
        36. insufficient intake of nutrients into the body
        37. diseases of the nervous system;
        38. disturbances in the functioning of the immune system;
        39. excessive stress on joints;
        40. poor nutrition, incl. consumption of alcoholic beverages;
        41. overweight;
        42. disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine gland;
        43. genetic predisposition;
        44. insect bites, such as wasps, bees, etc.;
        45. hypothermia (hypothermia);
        46. some diseases: tuberculosis, brucellosis, gout, dysentery, gonorrhea.
        47. Such factors cause a rather serious blow to the joints, which over time can cause the development of arthritis. In addition, among the main circumstances that cause the formation of an inflammatory process in the connecting elements are excessive physical activity, injuries, metabolic disorders, and diseases of the nervous system.

          Hereditary pathologies of joints and bones, smoking and excess weight also contribute to the appearance of arthritis.

          The leading symptom of arthritis is pain in one or more joints. At first they are weak and have practically no effect on a person’s ordinary life. Over time, the pain syndrome increases: the pain becomes wave-like, intensifying with movement, at night and closer to the morning. The intensity of pain varies from mild to very strong, severely complicating any movement.

        48. morning stiffness,
        49. swelling,
        50. skin redness,
        51. increase in local temperature in the area of ​​inflammation,
        52. deterioration of the patient's motor activity,
        53. restriction of his mobility,
        54. formation of persistent joint deformities.
        55. It is important to remember that the first signs of arthritis are pain. At the initial stages they are weakly expressed, in the acute period they are especially pronounced, and in chronic arthritis they can change (weakly expressed to strongly expressed, and vice versa). As mentioned above, signs may vary for different types of disease.

          What is arthritis and how to treat it

          Arthritis or polyarthritis (poly means many) is an inflammatory disease in the joints, which are located in all parts of the body where two different bones come into contact. Despite the formation of this disease in the connecting components, metabolism is disrupted, and the intra-articular cartilage becomes thinner. Such factors, as a rule, turn out to be the source of inflammation, swelling, and subsequently deformation.

          Today there are over three hundred types of arthritis. But the most common arthritis is considered to be rheumatoid. Surely everyone will want to know what rheumatoid arthritis is.

          Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease of the joints, on the surfaces of which erosions appear, and over time they eat away at these joints.

          The roots of its occurrence are unknown to this day. Patients mostly associate the onset of the disease with stress, colds, abortion, sore throat, and even with bad genes. In fact, polyarthritis can very often be found in relatives. There are people who are inclined to form it. However, doctors are absolutely sure that the disease is caused by some viruses, and science has not yet learned which ones exactly. Rheumatoid arthritis affects about 2% of the world's population. Moreover, women are 3 times more than men.

          The disease can affect any age. Polyarthritis can be found in both young children and older people. Of course, most often you encounter the disease during the life period from 20 to 40 years. Each patient suffers from illness in a unique way; for some it can last for years, while for others it is active and dangerous. Unfortunately, rheumatoid arthritis is most detrimental in children.

          Meanwhile, acute and chronic types of polyarthritis are differentiated. The first case of joint inflammation progresses once. This often happens when bacteria enter the body.

          The more severe form of arthritis is chronic. It is almost impossible to cure; all treatment sessions are usually aimed at reducing the symptoms of the disease.

          Formal medicine distinguishes characteristic indicators of polyarthritis, or more precisely:

        56. increased joint pain in the middle of the night;
        57. tightness in the knees and throughout the body after waking up;
        58. volatile form of inflammation (consistent swelling of all joints);
        59. reduction of pain during active movements;
        60. long-term high body temperature (more than 4 weeks);
        61. one-time damage to the connecting parts and a feeling of itching or sand in the eyes and their inflammation;
        62. the occurrence of severe impotence, purely characteristic with obvious weight loss with a stable diet or decreased appetite:
        63. the appearance of yeast or constant heavy sweating along with the inflammatory process.
        64. In addition, with some symptoms of polyarthritis, unnatural discharge from the genitals may begin. Sometimes intestinal motility disorders occur, especially diarrhea. Joint damage is often combined with inflammation of the tissues of the feet, manifested by redness and blistering in the affected area.

          There are many causes of arthritis.

        65. Infectious diseases. This is the most common origin. If you have a cold or ARVI, you can easily find yourself in the risk category. It also includes people suffering from diabetes, tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases. Typically, polyarthritis is caused by streptococci or Staphylococcus aureus.
        66. Operations, bruises, injuries. Arthritis is often a consequence of frequent bruises, injuries and surgical interventions.
        67. Inherited joint pathology. It cannot be said that polyarthritis is inherited, but one should not deny the abnormality of the joint structure, which is often genetically predisposed. If there is a family member with arthritis, you just need to do prevention more often.
        68. The culprits of this disease may also be: smoking, excess weight, weakened immunity and hypothermia.

        It is worth starting to prevent arthritis, first of all, by maintaining a healthy lifestyle. This means that a person needs to eat constantly and not overeat. Likewise, you should go in for sports and forget about bad habits. All infectious diseases must be treated promptly to prevent them from developing into a chronic form.

        Most people suffering from polyarthritis eat a lot and often overeat. The main composition of their servings contains dishes that include sugar and starch, as well as all starchy foods, sweets and potatoes. Such food only leads to increased acidity in the body. A diet for arthrosis and arthritis helps to reduce it. A person needs to eat more fruits and vegetables, prepare stews, salads from them, or simply boil them in water. In particular, it is recommended to eat apples, plums, sorrel, sea buckthorn, black currants, rowan, and green beans.

        If polyarthritis is at a serious stage, the patient is prescribed a strict diet. It consists of eating only raw vegetables three times a day for a week. The course is repeated no earlier than two months later.

        As in the situation with arthrosis, only early, cumulative and surgical treatment will be able to prevent changes in the structure of the joint and protect the patient from disability and paralysis. If you experience any discomfort, you should immediately go to a rheumatologist. It is possible to treat polyarthritis with early diagnosis and specially selected therapy. For treatment to be successful, it is necessary to correctly identify the source and nature of arthritis. And therefore diagnosis is an important step towards recovery.

        What does the treatment of polyarthritis contain:

      • Use of antibiotics. If polyarthritis is infectious, then you will need to undergo a course of therapy.
      • Anti-inflammatory treatment. In case of severe arthritis, it is important to remove inflammation of the joint. This will be facilitated by drugs and ointments that will eliminate inflammation and dull pain (Diclofenac gel, for example).
      • Renewal of cartilage tissue. In the case of arthrosis, it is possible to properly restore or at least prevent subsequent destruction of cartilage matter with the help of chondoprotectors (Artron Chondrex, Teraflex).
      • Massage, mud therapy, magnetic therapy, ultrasound and warming. All these directions are selected exclusively personally.
      • Exercise therapy. At the remission stage, the attending physician prescribes individual gymnastics (swimming pool exercises or exercises in a supine position). None of the workouts should cause pain or discomfort.
      • Therapeutic diet. You can slow down the progression of polyarthritis with a diet rich in vitamin E and antioxidants. There are a lot of them in fruits and vegetables, herring and salmon, bran, sunflower and pumpkin seeds, walnuts.
      • Surgery. It is done in cases of the most advanced arthritis. Here, an option is joint replacement, but this is already an extreme measure.
      • Treat polyarthritis with traditional methods. As a rule, these are ointments and compresses, the components of which are herbal mixtures, mumiyo, mustard and blue clay. There are more than enough recipes. You just need to consult your doctor before using them.
      • People with arthritis should never lift or carry heavy objects, or stand for long periods of time, jump, run or make vigorous movements. You can and even need to do certain stretching exercises, do daily exercises without load, and swim.

        Treatment for all this also involves systematic observation by a doctor. If there is relief, this does not mean that polyarthritis has already been eliminated. Unfortunately, a cure for this unpleasant disease has not yet been discovered.

        But in any case, you shouldn’t give up and get too upset. After all, such an ailment as polyarthritis is not the worst thing.

        Arthritis (translated from Latin arthritis) is a collective designation for both an independent inflammatory process in one or several joints at once (polyarthritis), and a manifestation of another, systemic disease (hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.).

        Arthritis has an ICD 10 code ranging from M00 to M25.

        It has been noticed that mainly women suffer from it, starting from the age of thirty-five. In this case, smaller joints are mainly affected - on the hands, fingers, metatarsus, elbow.

        The disease can be either single, in the form of destruction of one joint (monoarthritis), or multiple, when several articular surfaces are involved in the inflammatory process (polyarthritis).

        This is a very common disease; according to some statistics, tens of millions of people suffer from it.

        The prognosis for arthritis of any kind is very unfavorable: once it occurs, the disease constantly progresses. Even adequately selected treatment in most cases does not eliminate the disease, but only slows down its progression.

        Therefore, a doctor who treats arthritis is not just one specialist, but several doctors of different medical profiles.

        Depending on how long the patient has suffered from arthritis and what caused it, a referral to a specific specialist is given by the therapist:

      • traumatologist – when symptoms occur due to injury;
      • infectious disease specialist;
      • surgeon - in case of serious destruction of connective tissues;
      • phthisiatrician;
      • orthopedist – for chronic disease;
      • dermatologist;
      • rheumatologist - if symptoms have just begun to appear, or there is a suspicion of rheumatoid arthritis.
      • But arthritis is treated by another doctor who specializes exclusively in this disease! This is an arthrologist, you can immediately go to him for an appointment, bypassing the therapist. However, this is such a narrow specialist that you can only meet him on the staff of large medical institutions or in private clinics.

        This disease has many classifications. For example, depending on the manifestation of symptoms and the period of progression, the disease is divided into three forms:

      • acute, characterized by severe pain - accordingly, acute arthritis occurs;
      • subacute;
      • chronic - chronic arthritis, in the initial stages it is practically asymptomatic.
      • In addition, arthritis is further classified into three groups:

        • rheumatoid;
        • reactive or passing arthritis;
        • arthrosis-arthritis.
        • The greatest differentiation of inflammatory reactions in bone joints occurs due to their occurrence:

        • rheumatoid arthritis, formaldehyde arthritis and wandering arthritis - infections and allergies, including autoimmune types;
        • psoriatic arthritis;
        • gouty arthritis, microcrystalline arthritis or saline arthritis, occurs due to the deposition of uric acid crystals on the articular surfaces;
        • idiopathic arthritis, juvenile arthritis, or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, or Sitla's disease - the origin is not reliably known, children under 16 years of age are affected;
        • infectious arthritis, or purulent arthritis, reactive arthritis - inflammation occurs due to infections entering an open wound or through the blood or lymph flow (two types of pathology are distinguished - primary and secondary);
        • autoimmune arthritis, undifferentiated arthritis;
        • traumatic arthritis - occurs due to injury;
        • hormonal arthritis;
        • erosive arthritis.
        • According to the organ affected by arthritis, the following types are distinguished:

          Osteoarthritis, which is a steady chronic destruction of bone tissue, occurs, depending on the location, it happens:

        • hip arthritis;
        • arthritis of the hands;
        • arthritis of the toes;
        • arthritis of the foot;
        • arthritis of the legs;
        • cervical arthritis;
        • ankle arthritis;
        • arthritis of the facial joint;
        • knee arthritis;
        • hand arthritis;
        • finger arthritis;
        • arthritis of teeth;
        • elbow arthritis;
        • jaw arthritis;
        • heel arthritis;
        • arthritis of the wrist joint;
        • temporal arthritis;
        • clavicular arthritis;
        • arthritis of small joints;
        • arthritis of the metatarsophalangeal joint;
        • interphalangeal arthritis;
        • shoulder arthritis.
        • The group of infectious arthritis, depending on the specific type of pathogen provoking the disease, is divided into:

        • scarlet fever arthritis;
        • gonorrheal arthritis;
        • tuberculosis;
        • dysenteric;
        • gonococcal;
        • post-streptococcal;
        • viral arthritis;
        • chlamydial arthritis.

        In addition, infectious arthritis is differentiated into:

        There are characteristic clinical signs of arthritis. These primarily include pain syndrome. Pain varies depending on the type of disease and nature.

        In addition, the disease manifests itself in:

      • limited movement of the affected joint, its “locking” due to constant rest;
      • prolonged increase in body temperature, febrile conditions;
      • stiffness in the morning;
      • redness of the skin over the affected joint;
      • crunching sounds during joint motility;
      • difficulties in applying physical effort, i.e. in muscle weakness.
      • But this is not the whole clinical picture that is possible during inflammatory processes occurring in the joints of the bones.

        In patients, with a more in-depth diagnosis, such pathological systemic changes are revealed as:

      • disorders of the cardiovascular system:
      • kidney and liver damage.
      • In advanced cases, arthritis even threatens the patient's life.

        The dynamics and specific nature of the manifestation of signs of arthritis depends on its type, as well as the individual characteristics of the patient’s health condition.

        The severity of symptoms depends on the degree of progression of the disease:

      • the first – symptoms are either absent or mild;
      • second – pain and swelling appears;
      • third – the joint is already noticeably deformed, the pain syndrome is pronounced and constant;
      • fourth – the joint is completely destroyed, functional ability is lost, the consequences of this stage are completely irreversible.
      • Diagnosing arthritis is difficult due to the similarity of symptoms with other joint diseases, as well as the multiplicity of causes that cause arthritis.

        In order to make the most accurate diagnosis, the patient’s condition is examined comprehensively

        In this case, the clinical picture should be logically analyzed together with the data of the studies performed.

        First, the attending physician carefully collects the patient’s medical history and analyzes complaints, including paying attention to:

      • time of appearance of the first signs of joint inflammation;
      • the rate of increase in the severity of signs of the disease;
      • the presence of allergic reactions, infectious processes, injuries, and their relationship with inflammation in the joint;
      • presence of characteristic clinical symptoms.
      • In order to clarify the diagnosis, the patient is sent for special instrumental studies:

      • radiographic (main), required in two projections;
      • computed magnetic resonance imaging - for the purpose of visualizing tissues that are poorly distinguishable by radiography, such as the epiphyses of the joint and others;
      • myelography;
      • ultrasonic
      • Additionally, laboratory methods for testing blood (general and biochemical) and urine are prescribed in order to identify:

      • internal inflammatory reactions (based on detected fibrinogen);
      • increasing the concentration of sialic and uric acids;
      • antibodies to group A hemolytic streptococcus.
      • Research methods such as arthroscopy, during which the joint is examined and synovial fluid is collected from the joint capsule, have shown very good results.

        It is important to know! Despite the impressive list of diagnostic methods, none of them is 100% accurate!

        The following are the causes of arthritis:

      • metabolic disorders, as in padagra;
      • diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems;
      • infectious diseases - brucellosis, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, dysentery,;
      • excess body weight;
      • insect bites - bees, wasps;
      • genetic component - heredity, gene mutations;
      • degenerative senile changes - most patients have reached the age of 65;
      • systematic hypothermia;
      • endocrine disruptions;
      • industrial injuries, professional characteristics of work;
      • unbalanced diet;
      • joint injuries.
      • All these reasons come down to one significant factor, which inevitably leads to inflammatory processes affecting the articular elements: wear and subsequent destruction of cartilage in the joint.

        As soon as the protective cartilage tissue disappears from the surfaces of the articulated bones, which ensures virtually no friction between adjacent bones, they begin to rub against each other, since the interarticular space has narrowed to a critical size.

        As a result, the periosteum and surfaces of the diaphysis cannot withstand excessive mechanical stress and are destroyed.

        In this case, the bone tissue itself, as well as the tissues surrounding it, become swollen and inflamed. Often the inflammation even reaches the superficial layers of the skin, which becomes red and hot to the touch.

        Although arthritis is a disease mainly of those over thirty, children up to one year old (infected from the mother during childbirth), as well as at 3 years, 4 years and 6 years old, also get it.

        At this age, this disease varies greatly in its causes and symptoms, but it always has an articular syndrome.

        The main causes of inflammation and destruction of children's joints:

        In children, the symptoms of arthritis are almost the same as in adults:

        Damage to the joints of the legs in a child aged 2 years can lead to complete inability to move.

        At the same time, a quarter of children who develop rheumatoid type remain disabled for life!

        In order not to fall into the sad statistics, Dr. Komarovsky gives the following recommendations:

      • be sure to strictly follow all recommendations of the attending physician;
      • avoid self-medication;
      • monitor the dynamics of the disease.
      • Proper treatment of inflamed joints, as with reliable diagnosis, requires a comprehensive approach using several proven methods.

        In addition, for adequate treatment it is extremely important to establish the cause that caused joint damage (immune reactions, bacteria, salt deposits, etc.), as well as the stage of the disease.

        For example, by performing a general blood test for arthritis, we can conclude that arthritis:

      • acute, – with increasing ESR;
      • bacterial origin - the number of leukocytes is increased;
      • allergic – increase in the number of eosinophils.
      • Complex treatment consists of several components:
      • drug therapy (adequate to the type of arthritis);
      • surgery;
      • special food;
      • physical exercise;
      • folk remedies.
      • It is important to know! Drug treatment alone for pathological inflammation of the joints is completely insufficient!

        Physical exercise

        Many patients are recommended specially designed therapeutic gymnastic exercises, the so-called exercise therapy.

        Performing it under the supervision of specialists, avoiding the occurrence of pain during exercise, the patient should experience:

      • increased mobility of affected joints;
      • strengthening the musculoskeletal skeleton.
      • It is especially recommended that patients walk every day in a kneeling position.

        Drugs for the treatment of arthritis

        The range of medications used to relieve symptoms and the causes that cause them is very extensive.

        So, if the patient has no other manifestations of the disease other than joint destruction, he is prescribed non-steroidal drugs that relieve inflammation for many years:

      • Diclofenac, 100-150 milligrams daily dose;
      • acetyl salicylic acid, up to three milligrams per day;
      • Brufen, up to two milligrams.
      • Additionally, if there is severe damage to the joint, small doses of corticosteroid drugs are injected directly into it:

        It is recommended to resort to corticosteroid drugs in extreme cases, in cases of severe pain, ineffectiveness of other medications and some symptoms (for example, the absolute indication is a state of high fever).

        In this case, hormone therapy should be very short-term, so that in the future the body can painlessly refuse the artificial administration of hormones.

        If the above medications do not restrain the progression of the disease, they resort to a long course of slow-acting basic medications such as:

      • D-penicillamine, up to 750 milligrams per day;
      • Aurotioprol - administered once every seven days;
      • Levamisole, up to 150 milligrams per day;
      • Chloroquine, up to a quarter of a gram of daily dose.
      • It is important to know! All basic medications are designed for very long therapy, lasting for decades.

        In addition to classical drug therapy, biological preparations containing, for example, bacteriophages have been developed and are successfully used in the treatment of arthritis.

        Treatment with folk remedies

        Before trying folk remedies at home, patients with arthritis must consult with their doctor.

        Folk remedy recipe:

        High-quality herbal medicine has many advantages:

      • relative absence of side effects;
      • effectiveness;
      • There are almost no contraindications.
      • To alleviate the condition use:
      • grated raw potatoes;
      • apple cider vinegar lotions;
      • crushed buttercup flowers;
      • decoction of elder flowers, etc.
      • Preventive measures

        To prevent joint disease, you must:

      • try to maintain body weight within normal limits to avoid stress on the bones and their joints;
      • avoid excessive mechanical impact on the musculoskeletal skeleton, i.e. do not lift heavy objects, protect the body from injury;
      • be sure to regularly engage in physical exercises that strengthen muscles and ligaments;
      • monitor the correct vertical position of the body;
      • monitor your diet, ensuring it is not depleted in minerals, proteins and vitamins, and eliminating cholesterol-containing foods;
      • reduce consumption of refined carbohydrates;
      • stop smoking and drinking alcohol.
      • The best preventative measure is to regularly monitor your health. If arthritis is detected at an early stage, the chances of restoring health will be much higher than when treating its advanced forms.

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