Skin defects are pathological changes that differ from the norm in color and shape. Such defects most often manifest themselves as various rashes, redness and pimples. The occurrence of defects is directly related to the progression of the disease. Reddish spots on different parts of the body appear, as usual, unexpectedly and have a number of signs that are characteristic of this skin disease.
The human skin is a unique organ that is quite susceptible to environmental changes, as well as to changes in the internal environment of the human body. A characteristic reaction to irritating factors can be red spots, which are accompanied by a rash in the form of blisters. Such formations can cause discomfort to a person, which is manifested by severe itching, pain, peeling and irritation of the skin.
A person needs to know some of the reasons that cause the appearance of red spots with various rashes, which may take the form of blisters. Experts consider the following diseases to be the main causes, which can affect the body of any person, regardless of age or gender:
1 Ringworm. The disease is a fungal pathogen that occurs most often in children under ten years of age. The characteristic signs of the disease will be the following: round or oval spots, the edges are clearly visible, the affected area may be covered with vesicles and papules. You can become infected from direct contact with a sick person.
2 Trichophytosis. Also refers to fungal diseases, a characteristic feature is the appearance of one affected area first, and then spreading to others. Red spots have unclear boundaries that are covered with scales. As the disease progresses, the affected areas become covered with blisters or crusts. The disease occurs after contact with a sick person.
3 Some types of dermatitis. The skin in the affected areas will have a pale red tint, the skin will be swollen, and may become covered with cracks. As the disease progresses, the affected areas of the skin may develop blisters that will dry out and a crust may form. Exacerbations are observed in the spring and summer periods of the year.
Blistering rashes on the skin of the hands can be quite different in shape, color and appearance. Such rashes are characterized by the following parameters: raised above the surface of the skin or lying down, single or multiple, pustular or weeping. Red spots with blisters on the hands most often itch; among other symptoms, the temperature may rise, a runny nose and chills may appear.
Among the most common causes of blisters is an allergic disease. The reasons for a negative reaction of the body are the following allergenic phenomena:
Allergic dermatitis appears due to the influence of a negative stimulus. The disease can have an acute or chronic form. Very often, with an acute allergy to cold, red spots with bubbles, often with liquid, may appear on the hands. Such manifestations in a child indicate that diseases that are infectious in nature are progressing in the body.
A rash in the form of blisters on the back is a separate symptom that is a consequence of the disease. Before starting treatment, it is necessary to accurately identify the cause that caused the appearance of the skin defect. There may be several reasons for this phenomenon. The main causes of spots with bubbles are considered to be the following: an allergic disease, a disease of the blood or circulatory system, an infectious disease or intoxication.
Primary skin defects manifest themselves in the appearance of blisters on the affected areas of the skin. In a child, such defects appear due to infections, most often chickenpox. Such diseases resolve with the formation of blisters on the skin, which then burst or dry out. The blistering rash should not be scratched - ulcers will form, which will be much more difficult to eliminate.
Blisters with red spots can appear on a person's legs for various reasons. The problem affects all people, regardless of age or gender. Such skin defects most often cause a person discomfort and severe itching. Spots with blisters most often affect the feet or the skin between the toes. This phenomenon occurs due to a number of factors:
1 Fungal disease. Most common in humans, the disease is caused by infection. A person can catch mycosis almost anywhere, no one is immune from this - after all, everyone often visits public places. The progression of the disease is manifested by vesicles or blisters on the feet that burst. Which creates an ideal environment for the spread of infection.
2 Allergic disease. The most common manifestation is watery blisters, which are characterized by severe itching and discomfort. The cause of an allergic disease can be a wide variety of allergens: from exotic foods to household chemicals.
3 Lesions of the epidermis. Bubbles with liquid often appear with diseases of the epidermis. With this disease, severe itching or peeling is not observed, but you should not ignore the disease - it will not go away on its own. Often a sign of serious problems.
The first action of a person who notices such bubbles in himself is to contact a specialist for further treatment. You can carry out a number of actions on your own at home that will alleviate the patient’s situation: seal the affected areas, pre-treat them, apply medicinal ointment, follow a diet and make baths from medicinal decoctions.
Any rashes or spots in a child should not be considered an independent disease. This is only a manifestation of a certain disease that affects the child’s integument. Treatment of spots with blisters begins only after a correct diagnosis has been established. First of all, it is determined whether the blistering rash is caused by an infection. Non-infectious rashes are most often allergic diseases.
In some cases, blistering spots appear due to sunburn when a child spends too much time outdoors during the summer. The child may also experience other symptoms: fever, red spots and severe itching. Skin dermatitis affects infants if the diaper is rarely changed. In this situation, redness with blisters is concentrated in the buttocks area.
Chickenpox is a very common disease among children. At the beginning of the disease, small pimples appear, which fill with fluid and burst. The course of the disease is different for everyone, most often there is an increase in temperature in the child. If the lesion occurs due to molluscum contagiosum, then watery blisters will actively spread throughout the body. This disease requires urgent treatment and will not go away on its own.
In the case of a disease in a child, under no circumstances should you take independent measures to eliminate the disease. First of all, you should call your local doctor at home, who will conduct a thorough examination and prescribe the necessary medications. If the disease is caused by allergies, then antihistamines are prescribed. In other cases, anti-inflammatory ointments, creams and gels are indicated.
Red spots on the skin appear when certain diseases develop in the body. These can be various infectious, viral and autoimmune diseases that need to be identified and treated in a timely manner. Without proper treatment, such a symptom can grow over the surface of the skin, causing physical and aesthetic discomfort, since red spots on the face or neck are quite noticeable, and such formations can cause varying degrees of itching, flaking and dry skin. To determine at home what type of rash may have appeared, you can use their photo and description.
A red rash on the human body can appear due to exposure to various factors. Some reasons are clear and a person notices where the swelling, discoloration of the epithelium and itching came from, for example, due to an insect bite or contact with a poisonous plant, but there are also hidden reasons, identifying which is very important for further treatment and elimination.
The main types of rashes can be roughly grouped into:
This list can be continued, but no matter what type of rash appears on the body, you need to consult a doctor who can accurately determine what caused the red spots on the body and prescribe the right course of treatment.
It is not recommended to self-medicate and make a diagnosis by checking the type of rash with a photo, since the same symptoms can have different etiologies.
If the body is covered with red spots due to an insect bite, then the erythema has a certain appearance:
stomach, inner thighs;
in the photo there are types of red spots
Traces from poisonous plants, for example, nettle, have an irregular shape with swelling, often merging into one spot. We can talk about an allergy in the form of urticaria when the whole body is covered in rashes, turns red and begins to itch, in some cases forming swelling. And with eczema, red spots on the skin flake off, but do not begin to itch, and are localized mainly on the legs, stomach and back.
When the skin is damaged by infectious microorganisms (Ritter's disease), a red rash in the form of dots may appear on the surface of the body, covering the area of the folds, and also spreading over the face. The epithelium is rough, with a high degree of detachment of individual scales upon palpation. Skin lesions caused by lichen or dermatophytes may appear as oval or round spots with a red rim. They immediately begin to peel and itch and vary in color from light pink to red. In some cases, hair loss and blistering may occur.
The formation of a red rash in the groin area, with the formation of pimples, blisters and peeling, may indicate the onset of the development of syphilis, which requires immediate diagnosis and intensive treatment.
Infectious diseases such as rubella, measles and scarlet fever cause small spots on the body in adults and children who are not immune to the diseases. Such rashes are red in color, can be of varying sizes throughout the body, do not itch or peel, and with scarlet fever, peeling may begin after 5-6 days.
With chicken pox, red rashes appear on the body in the form of a pinpoint rash, which may itch slightly and become crusty closer to recovery.
Rosea rash appears as red, round spots on the body in young children; it may not itch or peel. While an erythematous rash can appear with various diseases and differ in its characteristics:
A herpes virus infection may appear as blistering spots on the skin with a bright red color that may itch, peel, and become wet.
With the development of psoriasis, red spots may appear on the human body, mainly on the hands and feet, causing itching and peeling, while dry, white scales appear on the affected areas of the epithelium. The disease mainly affects the limbs, torso, and rarely the face.
The appearance of red spots on the skin is unpleasant, but the itching that can accompany such rashes causes particular discomfort. In order to understand how to deal with these symptoms, you must adhere to the recommendations of your doctor and not self-medicate based on photos, because many comments from doctors convince patients to seek qualified help.
If the convex round spots are red, itchy and flaky, then this is a manifestation of psoriasis, and you can resort to reducing discomfort by following the recommendations of your doctor. To eliminate symptoms, you can use special creams based on hormonal substances (Triamcinolone, Flumethasone, Betamethasone), ointments containing salicylic acid, zinc, tar or grease. Such preparations perfectly moisturize dry skin, relieve inflammation and eliminate itching.
If red spots appear on your hands that are very itchy, you can use special external preparations. which are made on the basis of herbal preparations (chamomile, calendula or string). Such therapy will be effective only if the erythema and itching are caused by an allergy or local reaction. If the skin is affected by infections, viruses or fungi, antiseptic drugs should be used, the action of which is aimed at correcting the specific pathogen.
When red dots appear on the body of an adult or child and they itch, this may be a symptom of chickenpox, which mainly affects people who are not immune to the disease. Such rashes do not require special treatment, only relieving itching with soothing ointments and creams.
With urticaria, the entire body is covered with red round spots that itch due to contact with an allergen. To eliminate the rash it is necessary
take an antihistamine, which will quickly relieve all unpleasant symptoms.
It happens that men and women may develop red spots of a round, regular shape, with a clear rim and dry scales in the middle. This is a characteristic symptom of ringworm. If large round plaques appear on the back, they itch, and have dry, peeling areas, then this is pityriasis rosea.
Ringworm is treated comprehensively:
One of the unpleasant diseases that causes the appearance of round red plaques on the body of an adult is seborrheic eczema. It appears as red bumps, with weeping or dry scales that peel off from the surface of the skin. Localization on the scalp, spreads along the neck and collarbones causing dry skin and itching, crusting the face of adults and children. Requires immediate treatment, as it can affect large areas of the body with continuous plaques. The specific type of treatment is prescribed only by a doctor, based on the cause that provoked the development of seborrheic eczema.
One of the little-known diseases that causes the formation of rough bumps on the skin is dermatofibroma. It is absolutely harmless and brings only non-aesthetic discomfort, which is accompanied by unpleasant sensations. The disease manifests itself as a round, red growth, with a rough surface, on the arms or legs, which feels dense and strong to the touch. Sometimes it can be itchy and painful. It does not require treatment, but the formation can be eliminated by removing it surgically.
The appearance of dry, round plaques on the scalp is very common. Such skin formations can affect both adults and children. Reason
The formation of red scaly rashes on the body of an adult can be numerous, and it is difficult to determine the true one without the help of a specialist. At the same time, it is necessary to treat dry areas on the skin if certain warning factors appear:
If such symptoms appear, the best solution would be to immediately contact a specialist to clarify the diagnosis and begin therapy.
Basically, the reasons for the development of dry skin and the formation of foci of peeling throughout the body can be:
One of the first reasons for the formation of dry spots with a red tint on the body of adults is the effect of an allergen on the body. Upon contact with an irritant, dry patches may appear that immediately begin to itch, with partial or complete peeling of the skin.
Also, dry skin and detachment of the epithelium can provoke herpes zoster. This problem arises against the background of emotional exhaustion, excessive stressful situations, and depressive states that often wedge themselves into the lives of adults. In this case, the manifestation of dry plaques throughout the body will occur on one side, in the areas of the nerve columns.
in the photo there are red spots on the body
Psoriasis is another factor that provokes excessive dryness of the epithelium. The disease is difficult to treat, but at the same time it can be alleviated in a timely manner by contacting a specialist. At the same time, there is a high probability of the accompanying development of secondary infectious skin lesions that worsen the general condition and appearance of the rash.
Some of the harmless spots are those that appear as a result of skin contact with frosty winds and low temperatures. With such lesions, symptoms appear temporarily and are caused primarily by dehydration of the skin. You can eliminate excessive dryness by using nourishing and moisturizing creams.
But, there are cases when, under the influence of high temperatures, red spots appear on the skin, which subsequently form burn blisters. This can occur during prolonged exposure to the sun, or as a result of exposure to open flames and other high-temperature objects. Treatment requires medical supervision and sometimes hospitalization.
Regardless of the type of rash, its location, or the sensations they cause, you must contact a specialist in the field of dermatology for further consultation. Most skin spots appear as symptoms of various diseases that require special treatment. Therefore, in order to avoid a deterioration in your general condition, you should not delay your visit to a medical facility.
Most often, spots on the body are formed due to skin diseases. An itchy rash on the legs can be a sign of systemic pathologies, such as varicose veins, or their consequence, as with diabetes.
An itchy rash on the skin of the legs is a condition that requires increased attention. Such a symptom often indicates the development of a severe pathology, so with such manifestations there is no need to self-medicate: the brighter the clinical picture, the easier it will be for a specialist to make a diagnosis. If red spots on your legs itch constantly for several days, you should visit a therapist and dermatologist as soon as possible. The following conditions may be the causes:
One of the common causes of itchy rashes on the skin of the legs is blood stagnation caused by varicose veins. With this pathology, red spots appear in the area of the feet and legs. The affected skin is very itchy, and after water gets on it, the itching becomes unbearable. Red spots quickly increase in size. They have jagged edges and are often dotted with bubbles and cracks.
Over time, the affected areas become ulcerated and covered with crusts. If varicose veins and associated thrombophlebitis and lymphostasis are not treated, the inflammation on the skin will colonize bacteria and fungi, which will only worsen the situation.
Inflammation of the walls of small vessels leads to the appearance of a rash in hemorrhagic vasculitis. The international name for this disease is Henoch-Schönlein purpura. With hemorrhagic vasculitis, the integrity and permeability of venules, arterioles, and capillaries is disrupted, and massive formation of microthrombi is observed in them.
This leads to small red spots with a diameter of up to 5 mm appearing on the skin of the legs. The rash is located symmetrically, predominantly on the extensor surfaces of the lower extremities. Gradually it spreads upward - to the buttocks.
The affected skin itches, and individual spots may merge to form protruding bright red lesions. Over time, they darken, acquire a bluish tint, then turn yellow and become discolored. These color changes are caused by the gradual destruction of red blood cells. In severe cases of the disease, necrotic areas appear on the affected skin.
Red spots on the legs often form in diabetics. The most common skin lesions with this pathology are:
Diabetic dermopathy is caused by changes in the structure of the vascular walls. In this condition, round brown spots form on the front surfaces of the legs. The affected skin is flaky but not itchy, or the itching may be mild. It is not advisable to treat dermopathy as a separate disease. It is important to keep your blood sugar levels under control.
Necrobiosis lipoidica affects approximately 1% of diabetic patients. With this pathology, the ratio of collagen and subcutaneous fat is disrupted. The skin of the affected areas becomes thin, red, and easily damaged, resulting in itching and pain. With this complication of diabetes, small irregularly shaped lesions first form on the front surfaces of the legs, then their area increases, and the color changes from red to brown. The affected areas are prone to ulceration.
Lipid metabolism disorders in diabetics can cause the development of eruptive xanthomatosis. With this pathology, itchy yellowish elements with a red edge appear on the skin. Most often, rashes are observed on the extensor surfaces of the extremities; in some cases, the area of inflammation affects the buttocks.
Pathologies such as psoriasis and eczema can affect not only the skin of the legs, but also other parts of the body. With nummular eczema, the rashes are localized on the feet, legs and wrists. The affected skin is very itchy, and its maceration can lead to the addition of a secondary bacterial infection. Rashes with nummular eczema look like large oval plaques up to 3 cm in diameter, with clear edges.
Weeping eczema also develops on the feet and legs. First, the affected areas swell, then become covered with blisters that tend to merge to form an erosive surface. Patients suffering from weeping eczema often complain of severe burning and itching. When the exudate on the affected areas dries out, crusts form, under which new skin develops.
The extensor surfaces of the extremities can be affected by psoriasis, also known as lichen planus. With this pathology, numerous rashes form on the body, the surface of which is very flaky and covered with a layer of scales. Scraping them reveals red, thinned skin, the slightest touch of which results in capillary bleeding.
With guttate psoriasis, an itchy rash is localized on the thighs and legs. The rashes look like small raised red-violet dots. In addition, the inner thighs may become covered with smooth pink spots without obvious signs of peeling. This form of the disease is called inverse psoriasis or psoriasis of the flexor surfaces.
The inner thighs are affected by ringworm inguinal. This disease is caused by microscopic fungi. When they settle on the skin, they cause redness and severe itching. In this case, convex, scaly spots are formed, spreading to the genital area and anus.
Ringworm (trichophytosis) is also fungal in nature. The causative agents of this disease most often affect the scalp, but among them there are species that can live on the skin of the hands and feet. Ringworm is characterized by the formation of oval pink spots with a ridge along the periphery. Inside the source of inflammation, the skin peels off, and small blisters and crusts form along the edges. The rash with trichophytosis does not itch in the initial stage; itching develops later.
Lesions from fungal infections progress gradually. A different picture is observed with erysipelas of the skin of the lower extremities caused by streptococci. The disease is characterized by:
An itchy rash, shiny in side lighting, prone to fusion and keratinization is a sign of lichen planus. The disease is chronic, its causes are not fully understood. Rashes with this pathology can form not only on the skin, but also on the mucous membranes. Localized in the legs, lichen planus affects the inner thighs, popliteal fossae, feet and skin over the ankle joints.
However, an itchy rash on the lower extremities does not always indicate such serious diseases as the pathologies listed above. Very often, redness of the skin of the feet develops in response to mechanical irritation from elements of shoes or clothing. Contact dermatitis, which is a form of allergic reaction to synthetic fabrics, cosmetics and detergents, also manifests itself.
If the irritant is identified and eliminated in a timely manner, itchy spots on the legs will go away without treatment. However, if there is no improvement, or if fever, symptoms of intoxication or severe burning develop, medical help should be sought without delay.
New growths, slightly protruding above the surface, resemble bubbles with dense or liquid contents with a very thin shell, ready to burst from a careless touch. Doctors call such blisters local inflammation with swelling of a clear localization of the upper layer of the dermis.
One or more red blisters cause serious concern, which indicates a pathological process in the fluid inside the blister, which is designed to protect the body from infection.
When red blisters appear on the body and itch - what could it be? Like any inflammation with swelling, blisters are a symptom that indicates a serious malfunction of the body . There are many factors that can trigger a skin reaction. Among the most common reasons:
The symptoms of many diseases do not appear too brightly, they may or may not give fever, rashes and red blisters all over the body, which itch or not and can only be on the arms and back, which is why for a correct diagnosis and provision of qualified assistance you must definitely consult a doctor , even if the rash appeared and went away without a trace within a few hours.
If the red blisters on the body itch, here’s a photo for your attention:
Dermatitis, urticaria, and prickly heat cause severe itching, which forces a person to pay attention to the appearance of tumors. Red spots of dermatitis swell when scratched, turning into blisters of various sizes.
Any attempt to scratch them injures the skin, the scratches become inflamed, suppuration begins, and after recovery or relief of the attack, a scar or scar remains at the site of such a blister .
Whatever the cause of the red blisters, whether they itch severely or not, you should not rub them, because it is no coincidence that small children wear special gloves or mittens with a soft coating on their hands, which are very difficult to injure even very delicate skin.
Having noticed red blisters on the body that itch, you need to try to take the patient to a medical facility, where they can find out the cause of this inflammatory process.
If for some reason it is impossible to immediately get medical help, you need to remember what should be done first to alleviate the person’s condition.
When providing first aid, we must not forget that the very first action is to avoid contact with substances that may cause blisters . Then - call any medical institution with a request to come urgently and explain what to do within 10 - 15 minutes. Strict adherence to the recommendations of professionals will help to avoid complications and dangerous consequences of diseases.
The choice of treatment method depends on the cause of the blisters. If it is a chronic or infectious disease, it is simply dangerous to deal with one of the symptoms, and if the redness and blisters on the skin are caused by a sun or chemical burn, then symptomatic treatment is better.
So first, doctors must find out the reason for the appearance of spots on the skin, and even more so red blisters.
If there are red spots on the body, and then blisters with red liquid form, you should consult a doctor before piercing them. Puncture with a sterile needle, carefully squeeze out the contents, treat with hydrogen peroxide, and then with ointment or gel with antibacterial components.
Blisters for viral infections are treated with an antiseptic or preparations containing silver.
Apple cider vinegar will help relieve itching and inflammation .
Attention. The product can burn; it must be diluted 1 to 1 with warm water.
The juice of a young aloe leaf is also applied with a cotton swab to the area of redness.
You can put a cabbage leaf on the blister (draws out inflammation, relieves swelling, removes burning and itching); geranium leaf, golden mustache.
You should not self-medicate before visiting a doctor; he will recommend the most effective medications.
Insect bites, hives, sunburn cause local redness, and after scratching, red blisters with burning or itching may appear, and swelling may appear.
But this can also be a manifestation of an infectious or fungal infection of the body, eczema, erysipelas. An examination will show what it is, and you should not hesitate.
Under no circumstances should you open blisters or cut off the skin unless necessary: the risk of wound infection increases significantly.
If the skin on the blister cannot be left uninjured, you should not use such products as plant juice, vinegar, salt and soda baths; it is best to apply pharmaceutical preparations and treat with peroxide so as not to cause acute pain and inflammation.
You can't use vitamin E products until the blister disappears , but they are great after the scab appears, helping a new layer of skin grow faster. Do not puncture blood blisters without a doctor's permission, it is dangerous.
Dermatologists will tell you what problem caused the appearance of such a symptom and will refer you to allergists, nutritionists, and neurologists.
Therefore, if you have red blisters on your skin, an informative express blood test will help determine what it is, which can be done very quickly in any laboratory.
Following your doctor's recommendations will be an excellent way to prevent the appearance of such rashes.
The injured area must be cared for very carefully, observing all hygiene measures.
Taking prescribed medications and regularly visiting a dermatologist and other specialists will help avoid more serious consequences and prevent exacerbations.
Red blisters and redness with blisters on the skin should definitely force a person to see a doctor, because they can be either a manifestation of the body’s autoimmune reaction or a consequence of infection with an infectious disease. The patient’s condition must be monitored before the arrival of doctors in order to prevent swelling that causes difficulty breathing and circulatory problems. You should not self-medicate; the disease must be diagnosed and treated using modern means.
What could this be?
Typically, manifestations of dermatophytosis (microsporia), or so-called lichen, include the appearance of itching in the area of the pathological focus. If spots on the body are found that look like lichen, but do not itch, it is necessary to compare them with the manifestations of other skin diseases of a non-fungal nature.
Spots on the smooth skin of the trunk and limbs occur with the following diseases:
Let's look at the symptoms and photos of the listed diseases and look for matches.
lichen Zhibera photo
The cause of the disease is unknown; a viral infection is suspected. In this pathological process, in most cases, the so-called maternal plaque first appears, which has a size of 2-5 cm, bright pink color and oval shape. The plaque rises slightly above the surface of the skin, and fine peeling is observed in its center.
After 7-14 days, many secondary plaques appear, which are 2-3 cm in size, also bright, oval, with a gently folded center, erythemato-squamous, which means the presence of redness with large peeling in the center. Also characteristic is the appearance of peeling in the form of a “collar” inside the plaque.
The lesions of pityriasis rosea are not located randomly, but along the elastic lines of the skin (Langer's lines). Plaques appear sequentially, so one patient may have lesions of various types.
Usually, treatment for Zhiber's lichen is not required; recovery occurs on its own after 4-6 weeks. It is recommended to refrain from contacting the affected skin with water and to avoid mechanical impact on the lesions (rubbing with a washcloth or hard towel).
When the process is pronounced, use:
Seborrheic dermatitis photo
The cause of seborrheic dermatitis is the active development of microflora with increased sebum production. With this disease, yellowish-pink spots appear on the skin of the torso, arms, legs, as well as plaques of various shapes: round, oval, irregular in shape, with clear boundaries and peeling.
When pathological foci are located in the folds of the skin, swelling, redness is observed, cracks, weeping, and crusts may appear. It is possible that other microorganisms may join and a purulent inflammatory process may develop. Its signs will be:
Treatment of seborrheic dermatitis is long-term and regular. It is aimed at combating inflammation, preventing the spread and re-development of the pathological process. Therefore, a number of pharmacological drugs are prescribed that have a complex effect:
Ring-shaped erythema, or Darier's erythema
Daria's erythema photo
The cause has not been established. It is a chronic skin condition in young men that is thought to be a toxic reaction to an allergy or infection. Develops in predisposed individuals who have a certain set of HLA complexes.
At the beginning of the disease, small spots on the skin appear on the body, similar to lichen, which do not itch, with slight peeling.
Gradually they enlarge and take on the shape of a ring, with a pronounced bright pink ridge along the edges and a recess in the center. The center of the ring is normal or slightly pink, there is no peeling.
The size of the spots is from 2 to 8 cm. The shape can be deformed into half rings, garlands, which is the name of the disease. Mild itching is present in rare cases.
Treatment of ring-shaped erythema is carried out in the following areas:
Lyme disease in the stage of chronic migratory erythema
Lyme disease photo
Lyme disease is an infectious disease. The second name is borreliosis, based on the type of pathogen (spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi), which enters the human body after the bite of an ixodid tick, its carrier.
The stage of chronic erythema is the onset of the disease; its early detection can help diagnose borreliosis and begin treatment on time.
At the site of tick suction, a spot with a border in the form of a wide red ring forms and gradually increases in size. The total size of the spot is from 3 to 15-60 cm. The center of the spot is pale, the edges are swollen and painful to the touch.
After a few days, the spot begins to spread to neighboring areas of the skin, and new lesions may appear. The shapes of the rings are varied, the edges are scalloped. Most often, erythema is located on the scalp, neck, or upper chest and back.
At the same time there are: general weakness, intoxication, fever, headache, enlarged lymph nodes, pain in the joints and liver area.
If you suspect that the spots are a manifestation of borreliosis, if there is a connection with a tick bite, you must urgently consult an infectious disease doctor. Treatment is complex and carried out in a hospital. As the infectious process subsides, the spots also undergo reverse development.
If spots on the body that look like lichen do not itch and are located on the head, then they may be the result of the following diseases:
Seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp
The causes are similar to seborrheic dermatitis of smooth skin. The earliest sign is dandruff. Then redness and increased peeling of the skin appear, specific plaques with clear edges are formed, which merge and can cover a significant area of the head, extending onto the forehead.
In some cases, yellow-dirty crusts form, which, when removed, reveal a wet surface. If the process becomes chronic, hair loss begins, which decreases as the inflammation subsides during treatment.
Plaques on the head are often accompanied by the appearance of rashes on the face in the form of spots and plaques.
General treatment as for seborrheic dermatitis of smooth skin. Antiseborrheic shampoos with tar, ketoconazole, and zinc are used topically. Thus, the therapy is aimed at drying and fighting fungi that live on the scalp.
Alopecia areata, or alopecia areata
Alopecia areata photo
The causes are currently not fully understood, but suggest autoimmune destruction of hair follicles. A disease with an unpredictable course - lesions can either appear or disappear on their own within 2-6 months.
Sometimes there is a layering of processes - old lesions are not overgrown, but new ones have already appeared. Provoking factors include stress, genetic predisposition, acute and chronic intoxication of the body.
The manifestations of focal baldness consist of a single complaint - the formation of areas completely devoid of hair, which can increase and spread throughout the head. Hair loss can also occur in other areas of the body.
There are several forms of the disease:
Treatment is always complex and long-term:
Pseudopelada
Belongs to the group of atrophic alopecia. A rare disease of the scalp, which most often affects men between 20 and 45 years old. The reasons are unknown. They assume a microbial nature or a malnutrition of the hair follicles due to disorders of the nervous regulation of the follicles (trophoneurosis).
It is manifested by the presence of a large number of areas devoid of hair. They are of different sizes and shapes, which increase and merge. As a result, something like a “geographical archipelago” may form.
The skin of the lesion is thin, atrophic, there is no inflammatory process. As a rule, patients do not make complaints for a long time, and the disease is detected by chance.
We have listed the main pathological causes of the appearance of spots on the body that look like lichen, but do not itch - in other cases, itching is a characteristic symptom, including lichen and herpes.
Spots are primary elements of the rash, different in nature, the appearance of which indicates some kind of pathology that occurs not only in the layers of the skin, but also in other organs. The most common causes of stains include allergies and various infectious agents. Among other symptoms, the most common “companion” of red spots is itching.
Skin, allergic and infectious diseases are most often accompanied by the appearance of itchy spots on the body. Depending on the nature of the disease, the spots have a certain location, size, and duration of appearance.
A spot(s) is a primary feature that is characterized by a discoloration (usually red or pink) of a specific area of the mucous membranes or surface of the skin. They are characterized by the following characteristics: size, location and duration of appearance. The spot, together with the blister, tubercle, node and nodule, are classified as non-banded elements. They are on the same level as the surrounding tissues and feel little different from healthy areas of skin.
Normally, there should be no spots on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes. Their appearance in combination with other symptoms, including itching, indicates a pathological condition. The cause of spots is not always associated with skin diseases; very often their appearance is a symptom of infectious, allergic, and somatic pathologies.
The appearance of such spots on the skin is associated with dilation of blood vessels. If you press on them, the redness disappears. After the pressure stops, the pathological color appears again. The size of the spots affects their name. Roseola is usually called a spot from 2 to 25 mm. Spots larger than 25 mm are called erythema. Very often, symptoms such as itchy skin, erythema, general intoxication are characteristic of many diseases of an infectious nature.
The reasons for their appearance: diseases of internal organs, rupture, as well as malformations of blood vessels. Such spots do not disappear with pressure. Petechiae are spots the size of a dot (as if drawn with a red pen). If the size of the spot is no more than 2 cm, then it is called purpura. Ecchymoses are hemorrhages with a diameter of more than 2 cm.
Allergic diseases are manifested by a peculiar reaction of the body in response to the introduction of an allergen into it. The pathological process of an allergic reaction can be local and general. In almost all cases, it is accompanied by the appearance of a polymorphic rash, including spots and itching. Common allergic skin reactions include:
Inflammation of the skin that occurs in response to the introduction of an allergen into the body, and it can be any substance to which the body reacts with a hypersensitive reaction. Depending on the nature of the allergen, the following dermatitis is distinguished: phytodematitis, toxicoderma, contact dermatitis, etc.
The main symptoms of all allergic dermatitis are redness and itching, which are localized in various parts of the body. The spots can have different sizes. At the site of redness of the skin, other elements of the rash may appear, for example, blisters filled with transparent contents. Subsequently, weeping (erosions with a wet surface), crusts and scales form in their place.
A pathological process with a chronic course, which occurs for several reasons: changes in the functioning of the nervous system, metabolic disorders, a tendency to allergic reactions, etc. The main signs of neurodermatitis: severe skin itching and redness (hyperemia), against which a monomorphic rash appears in the form small nodules. Over time, plaques form from the nodules. With neurdermatitis, weeping does not occur. Pathological areas, depending on the form of the disease, can be located in different parts of the body;
Non-contagious inflammation of the skin of an allergic nature, characterized by the appearance of severe itching, inflammation of the skin, on the surface of which many red spots form, and only then rashes of a polymorphic (various) nature: vesicles, erosions, crusts. At the site of eczema, the skin becomes dry and thickened; when an infection occurs at the site of scratching, weeping and slight bleeding are observed. There are several types of eczema;
An allergic reaction that occurs in response to the introduction of animal serums into the human body for therapeutic purposes. Serum sickness is characterized by a polymorphic rash. Redness of the skin is similar to the erythema characteristic of measles. The formation of spots is accompanied by severe itching, as well as swelling, joint pain, increased body temperature, myocarditis, etc.
Common fungal skin diseases include:
An infectious skin disease that can appear on any part of the skin. The causative agent is a fungus. The main signs: the appearance of round spots, reminiscent of the shape of a coin. The spots are very itchy and slightly flaky. The pores of the fungus are transmitted from person to person through direct contact. By affecting the scalp, the fungus causes baldness;
A group of diseases in which fungal infection of the epidermis occurs. A representative of this group is trichophytosis. It appears as large, red, itchy spots that appear on the face and scalp.
Infectious diseases accompanied by the formation of spots and itching include:
An infectious, contagious disease caused by streptococcus. A bright red rash appears after general symptoms of intoxication. The rash covers the entire body except the skin in the mouth area. The skin of a person with scarlet fever is covered with small, bright red dots that have a rough surface to the touch. The rash itches and after 5–7 days the skin begins to peel off. Lastly, peeling and skin rejection occurs on the palms and heels of the patient;
An infectious disease with a vector-borne mechanism of transmission of bacteria such as spirochetes, which are spread through the bite of ticks. A red, itchy spot of a regular, round shape appears at the site of the bite. After a few days, the spot increases in size from 5 to 10 cm, and turns pale in the center. In appearance it resembles a target. Some patients report itching of the spot. Borellosis is characterized by general symptoms of intoxication;
A disease of a viral nature. The causative agent is the varicella zoster virus. Having suffered from a disease in childhood, years after the activation of the virus in the nerve endings, a clinical picture of another disease appears - herpes zoster. The very first symptom is the appearance of red spots, most often along the intercostal nerves. Subsequently, rashes in the form of bubbles form in their place. The appearance of spots and blisters is accompanied by severe itching.
It is worth noting a number of other infectious diseases in which spots are observed, but there is no itching of the skin, these include: measles, rubella, etc. In addition, small and shallow 1st degree thermal and chemical burns, diaper rash, 1st degree bedsores may be accompanied by spots and itching .
Psoriasis is a non-infectious disease. It occurs mainly in adults. As a rule, predisposition to the disease is inherited. It can be triggered by any conditionally pathogenic microorganisms and a number of other factors. Psoriasis manifests itself as mild itching and rashes that resemble red, dry plaques in appearance, which begin to peel off over time. Spots appear on the elbows, scalp, and knees.
Only a doctor can determine the cause of itchy spots. Specialists who treat diseases accompanied by rash and itching: dermatologist, allergist, infectious disease specialist, therapist, gynecologist, etc.
The examination of the patient begins with an examination. In time, his doctor determines the nature, quantity, and symmetry of the rash in the form of redness. The patient’s general well-being and contact with people who have had infectious diseases are taken into account. Based on initial symptoms and a survey, a preliminary diagnosis is established, which is confirmed by additional instrumental and laboratory research methods (taking blood, urine for general and biochemical analysis).
To clarify the skin disease, the following studies are carried out: skin biopsy and histological examination, staining of scrapings, exposure to ultraviolet rays on the surface of the epidermis, etc.
It is possible to eliminate stains only after establishing the exact cause and prescribing etiotropic (affecting the cause) treatment. If this is a skin disease, then topical medications are most often prescribed. For diseases of an allergic nature, antihistamines are prescribed as etiotropic treatment.
A reliable way to treat allergic diseases is to accurately determine the allergen and completely prevent contact of the human body with it. For diseases of an infectious nature, antibacterial, antiviral, and immunomodulatory drugs are prescribed. Locally, for severe itching, ointments containing hormones, herbs, etc. are prescribed to prevent scratching.
Nonspecific prevention of diseases accompanied by itching and rashes comes down to a healthy lifestyle, balanced diet, basic hygiene measures, and prevention of contact with patients with infectious and skin diseases.
It is important to remember that the skin is one of the first organs to react to many diseases with rashes and itching. When the first symptoms appear, you should not hesitate and contact a specialist who, after examination, will prescribe comprehensive treatment.